1、Chapter 6Systems Development:Phases,Tools,and TechniquesINTRODUCTIONWhen developing a new system,you have 3“who”choices1.Insourcing IT specialists inside your organization2.Selfsourcing do-it-yourself approach many end users take with little or no help from IT specialists3.Outsourcing a third-party
2、organization(i.e.,let someone do the work and pay them for it)INSOURCING AND THE SDLCSystems development life cycle(SDLC)-a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems 7 distinct phasesAlso called a waterfall methodology,an approach in which each phase of the SDLC is followed
3、 by another,from planning through implementationSDLC Phases&Major ActivitiesCOMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENTThe SDLC focuses only on the project at handComponent-based development(CBD)focuses on building small self-contained blocks of code(components)that can be reused across a variety of applications1.U
4、sing already-developed components2.Building new components as neededRAD and Extreme Programming SELFSOURCINGSelfsourcing(end-user development)the development and support of IT systems by end users with little or no help from IT specialistsDo-it-yourself systems development approachCan relieve IT spe
5、cialists of the burden of developing many smaller systemsSelfsourcing ApproachPROTOTYPINGPrototype a model of a proposed product,service,or systemPrototyping-the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product,service,or system Proof-of-concept prototype-prove the te
6、chnical feasibility of a proposed systemSelling prototype-used to convince people of the worth of a proposed system The Prototyping Process OUTSOURCINGOutsourcing the delegation of specified work to a third party for a specified length of time,at a specified cost,and at a specified level of serviceT
7、he third“who”option of systems development,after insourcing and selfsourcingOutsourcing OptionsOutsourcing ProcessOutsourcing RFP Request for proposal(RFP)formal document that describes in excruciating detail your logical requirements for a proposed system and invites outsourcing organizations to su
8、bmit bids for its developmentIn outsourcing,you must tell another organization what you want developed;you do that with an RFPTherefore,the RFP must be very detailedSome RFPs can take years to developOutsourcing OptionsThere are three different forms of outsourcing:1.Onshore outsourcing-the process of engaging another company within the same country for services2.Nearshore outsourcing-contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country3.Offshore outsourcing-contracting with a company that is geographically far away
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