托福阅读-事实信息题课件.ppt

1、托福阅读-事实信息题-事实信息题I.题型识别II.解题步骤III.正确选项特点IV.错误选项特点-I.题型识别According to paragraph,which of the following is true of X?According to paragraph,why did X do Y?According to paragraph 7,until the eighteenth century,it was the principal function of which of the following to?According to paragraph 6,merchants

2、were able to avoid the risk of carrying large amounts of gold and silver by?-II.解题步骤Step-1.定位（根据关键词缩小定位区间）Step-2.比较原文与选项（挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法）-II.解题步骤Step-1:定位 Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states.In fact,various emotional states give rise to cert

3、ain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain.The facial-feedback hypothesis argues,however,that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction.According to this hypothesis,signals from the facial muscles(feedback)

4、are sent back to emotion centers of the brain,and so a persons facial expression can influence that persons emotional state.Consider Darwins words:The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it.On the other hand,the repression,as far as possible,of all outward signs softens our em

5、otions.Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will,for example,and frowning to anger?According to the paragraph3,what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?They would become less intense.They would last longer than usual.They would cause problems later.They wou

6、ld become more negative Step-1.Step-1.定位定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。根据关键词缩小定位区间。-II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项 Consider Darwins words:The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it.On the other hand,the repression,as far as possible,of all outward signs softens our emotions.Can smiling give rise to fe

7、elings of good will,for example,and frowning to anger?According to the paragraph3,what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?They would become less intense.They would last longer than usual.They would cause problems later.They would become more negative Step-2.Ste

8、p-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。-II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项 Consider Darwins words:The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it.On the other hand,the repression,as far as possible,of all outward signs softens our emotions.Can smiling give rise to feelings of good

9、will,for example,and frowning to anger?According to the paragraph3,what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?They would become less intense.They would last longer than usual.They would cause problems later.They would become more negative Step-2.Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答

10、案，若题目较难则用排除法。比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。-II.解题步骤总结Step-1.小定位：a.根据题干关键词缩小定位区间。Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。-II.解题步骤-例题 Paragraph 2：The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty,so they may be utilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,or even ritual objects,according to their qu

11、ality and the era in which they were made.The ceramics fall into three broad typesearthenware,stoneware,and porcelainfor vessels,architectural items such as roof tiles,and modeled objects and figures.In addition,there was an important group of sculptures made for religious use,the majority of which

12、were produced in earthenware.According to paragraph 2,which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.There was little variation

13、in quality for any type of ceramics over time.Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics.-II.解题步骤Step-1:定位 Paragraph 2：The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty,so they may be utilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,or even ritual objects

14、,according to their quality and the era in which they were made.The ceramics fall into three broad typesearthenware,stoneware,and porcelainfor vessels,architectural items such as roof tiles,and modeled objects and figures.In addition,there was an important group of sculptures made for religious use,

15、the majority of which were produced in earthenware.According to paragraph 2,which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.There

16、 was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over time.Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics.Step-1.Step-1.定位定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。根据关键词缩小定位区间。-II.解题步骤Step-1:定位 Paragraph 2：The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty,so they

17、may be utilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,or even ritual objects,according to their quality and the era in which they were made.The ceramics fall into three broad typesearthenware,stoneware,and porcelainfor vessels,architectural items such as roof tiles,and modeled objects and figures.In addition,t

18、here was an important group of sculptures made for religious use,the majority of which were produced in earthenware.According to paragraph 2,which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.The use of ceramics as trade objects is b

19、etter documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over time.Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics.Step-1.Step-1.定位定位:根据关键词缩小定位区间。根据关键词缩小定位区间。-II.解题步骤Step-2:比较原文与选项 Paragraph 2：The function a

20、nd status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty,so they may be utilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,or even ritual objects,according to their quality and the era in which they were made.The ceramics fall into three broad typesearthenware,stoneware,and porcelainfor vessels,architectural

21、items such as roof tiles,and modeled objects and figures.In addition,there was an important group of sculptures made for religious use,the majority of which were produced in earthenware.According to paragraph 2,which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?The function of ceramics remained the

22、same from dynasty to dynasty.The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over time.Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics.Step-2.Step-2.比较原文与选项：

23、挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。-II.解题步骤 例题In 1820 under a new land law,a farm could be bought for$100.The continued proliferation of banks made it easier for those without cash to negotiate loans in paper money.Western Farmers borrowed with the confident expectation that the expanding econo

24、my would keep farm prices high,thus making it easy to repay loans when they fell due.According to paragraph 3,what was the significance of the land law passed in 1820?（）0 It granted government-supported loans to farmers.0 It provided farmland at an affordable price.0 It required banks to offer loans

25、 to farmers.0 It enabled farmers to sell their land for a profit.-II.例题比较Transportation was becoming less of a problem for those who wished to move west and for those who hand farm surpluses to send to market.Prior to 1815,western farmers who did not live on navigable waterways were connected to the

26、m only by dirt roads and mountain trails.Livestock could be driven across the mountains,but the cost of transporting bulky grains in this fashion was several times greater than their value in eastern markets.The first step toward an improvement of western transportation was the construction of turnp

27、ikes.These roads made possible a reduction in transportation costs and thus stimulated the commercialization of agriculture along their routes.8.Paragraph 4 suggests that turnpikes affected farmers by（）making the price of grain uniform for both eastern and western farmers making western farm product

28、s more profitable than eastern farm products allowing farmers to drive their livestock across mountain trails allowing a greater number of farmers to sell their farm products in a commercial market-II.例题比较Transportation was becoming less of a problem for those who wished to move west and for those w

29、ho hand farm surpluses to send to market.Prior to 1815,western farmers who did not live on navigable waterways were connected to them only by dirt roads and mountain trails.Livestock could be driven across the mountains,but the cost of transporting bulky grains in this fashion was several times grea

30、ter than their value in eastern markets.The first step toward an improvement of western transportation was the construction of turnpikes.These roads made possible a reduction in transportation costs and thus stimulated the commercialization of agriculture along their routes.8.Paragraph 4 suggests th

31、at turnpikes affected farmers by（）0 making the price of grain uniform for both eastern and western farmers 0 making western farm products more profitable than eastern farm products 0 allowing farmers to drive their livestock across mountain trails 0 allowing a greater number of farmers to sell their

32、 farm products in a commercial market-II.解题步骤总结Step-1.小定位：b.若题干无法精确定位，可从大大定位区间第一句话开始读，每读一至两句话，看一定位区间第一句话开始读，每读一至两句话，看一遍选项进行排除遍选项进行排除）Step-2.比较原文与选项：挑选答案，若题目较难则用排除法。-III.正确选项特点(1)所考段落内阐明的信息阐明的信息(2)该信息的同义改写同义改写-III.正确选项特点1&2 Consider Darwins words:The free expression by outward signs of an emotion int

33、ensifies it.On the other hand,the repression,as far as possible,of all outward signs softens our emotions.Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will,for example,and frowning to anger?According to the paragraph3,what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?They w

34、ould become less intense.They would last longer than usual.They would cause problems later.They would become more negative 正确选项特点正确选项特点1&21&2：所考段落内：所考段落内阐明的信息阐明的信息及该信息的及该信息的同义改写同义改写-IV.错误选项特点(1)(1)无无：原文未提及未提及(2)(2)反：反：与原文矛盾矛盾(3)(3)混混：从上下文找一些词与考点区间的词混一起混一起组成新意思(4)(4)极端词极端词：never,all,always none,compl

35、etely,most（例外：极端词之前出现否定极端词之前出现否定或原文考点区间出现极端词原文考点区间出现极端词）(5)(5)虚假比较虚假比较:比较的选项（less/more/better than)常被设为错误选项 -IV.错误选项特点 Paragraph 2：The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty,so they may be utilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,or even ritual objects,according to their

36、quality and the era in which they were made.The ceramics fall into three broad typesearthenware,stoneware,and porcelainfor vessels,architectural items such as roof tiles,and modeled objects and figures.In addition,there was an important group of sculptures made for religious use,the majority of whic

37、h were produced in earthenware.According to paragraph 2,which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.There was little variatio

38、n in quality for any type of ceramics over time.Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics.-IV.错误选项特点 Paragraph 2：The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty,so they may be utilitarian,burial,trade-collectors,or even ritual objects,acco

39、rding to their quality and the era in which they were made.The ceramics fall into three broad typesearthenware,stoneware,and porcelainfor vessels,architectural items such as roof tiles,and modeled objects and figures.In addition,there was an important group of sculptures made for religious use,the m

40、ajority of which were produced in earthenware.According to paragraph 2,which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to dynasty.（2 反）The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual objects.（5 虚假

41、比较，1 原文未提及）There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over time.（2 反）Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of ceramics.（同义改写）-IV.错误选项特点总结(1)(1)无无：原文未提及未提及(2)(2)反：反：与原文矛盾矛盾(3)(3)混混：从上下文找一些词与考点区间的词混一起混一起组成新意思(4)(4)极端词极端词：never,all,always none,completely,most（例外：极端词之前出现否定极端词之前出现否定或原文考点区间出现极端词原文考点区间出现极端词）(5)(5)虚假比较虚假比较:比较的选项（less/more/better than)常被设为错误选项 -事实信息题结束！事实信息题结束！Thank you!Thank you!