2020年江苏中考英语学复习课件专题二　名词.pptx

1、名词词义辨析,A组 20152019年江苏中考题组,1.(2019宿迁,3)Anna, how does the dress look on me? To tell you the , it doesnt fit you well. A.trade B.trust C.truth D.treat,答案 C 句意:Anna,我穿这条连衣裙看起来怎么样?说实话,它不是很适合你。本题考查名词词 义辨析。trade贸易;trust信任;truth真相,事实;treat款待。to tell(you) the truth说实话,固定搭配。故选C项。,2.(2019泰州,2)My mother has a

2、poor of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone. A.scene B.silence C.service D.sense,答案 D 句意:我妈妈方向感差,所以她总不敢独自出去。本题考查名词词义辨析。scene场景,景色;si- lence寂静,沉默;service服务;sense意识,观念,a sense of direction方向感,固定搭配。故选D项。,3.(2019盐城,6)The number of the people using HUAWEI is getting larger and larger. A.cu

3、ltures B.customers C.products D.histories,答案 C 句意:使用华为产品的人数越来越多。本题考查名词词义辨析。culture文化;customer顾客;prod- uct产品;history历史。根据语境可知选C项。,4.(2019扬州,4)Im not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report. You should read some about the book before writing. A.reviews B.reasons C.results D.rewards,答案

4、 A 句意:我不确定关于秘密花园这本书在报告里写什么。你应该在写作前读一些书 评。本题考查名词词义辨析。review评论;reason原因;result结果;reward奖励。根据常识,读书评可以了解 书的内容,了解了这本书就知道写什么了。故选A项。,5.(2019南京,13)Tomorrow is Mums birthday. Lets buy some flowers for her. OK. I know she likes best. A.dresses B.rings C.handbags D.roses,答案 D 句意:明天是妈妈的生日。我们给她买些花吧。好的。我知道她最喜欢玫瑰。

5、本题考 查名词词义辨析。dress连衣裙;ring戒指;handbag手袋;rose玫瑰。根据上文的flowers可知,说话人打算买花, 故选D项。,6.(2019苏州,3)Keep quiet, son!I need complete when Im working. Sorry, Dad. I wont make any noise again. A.trust B.silence C.control D.strength,答案 B 句意:保持安静,儿子!我工作时需要完全安静。对不起,爸爸。我不会再制造噪音了。 本题考查名词词义辨析。trust信任;silence沉默,寂静,无声;cont

6、rol控制;strength力气。complete silence完全 没有声音,符合题意。故选B项。,7.(2019淮安,3)Betty has a beautiful . She wants to be a singer in the future. A.voice B.look C.noise D.sound,答案 A 句意:Betty有一副好嗓子,她将来想成为一名歌手。本题考查名词词义辨析。voice嗓音;look外 貌;noise噪音;sound声音。故选A项。,8.(2018连云港,8)National Treasure quickly rose to the top televi

7、sion rating ranks after it was presented on CCTV. It means a growing in traditional culture among Chinas youth. A.interest B.direction C.habit D.dream,答案 A 句意:国家宝藏在中国中央电视台播出之后,迅速攀升至收视率排行榜的首位。它意味着中 国的年轻人对传统文化越来越感兴趣了。本题考查名词词义辨析。interest兴趣;direction方向;habit习惯; dream梦想。国家宝藏收视率高的原因是年轻人对传统文化感兴趣,故选A项。,温馨提示

8、 本题语境关于热门电视节目国家宝藏,话题紧跟时代,贴近生活,让人耳目一新。这也要求 考生在复习备考期间,不能两耳不闻窗外事。,9.(2018宿迁,4)Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high from the art community for his sculptures. A.pride B.praise C.promise D.progress,答案 B 句意:吴伟,一位年轻的艺术家,因为他的雕塑作品而得到了艺术界的高度赞扬。本题考查名词 词义辨析。pride骄傲;praise表扬,赞扬;promise承诺;progress进步。receive

9、high praise获得高度赞扬,符合语 境,故选B项。,10.(2018扬州,8)The Queqiao satellite(卫星)will form a bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon. A.contribution B.communication C.celebration D.competition,答案 B 句意:鹊桥卫星将在地面控制器和月球背面之间建立起一座交流的桥梁。contribution贡献; communication交流;celebration庆祝;competition竞

10、争。有了卫星,通讯交流变得方便了,故选B项。,11.(2018徐州,4)If you dont feel well, youd better ask for help. A.a policeman B.an accountant C.a pilot D.a doctor,答案 D 句意:如果你感觉不舒服,你最好找医生帮忙。本题考查名词词义辨析。policeman警察;accoun- tant会计;pilot飞行员;doctor医生。根据常识,身体不舒服要去看医生,故选D项。,试题评析 本题看似考查名词词义辨析,实质还要求考生分清不同职业的工作性质、特点。这需要考生平 时积累生活常识。,12.(

11、2017扬州,10) My grandpa knows the history and medical of many plants. A.wealth B.price C.value D.cost,答案 C 句意:我爷爷了解很多植物的历史和药用价值。本题考查名词词义辨析。wealth财富,财产;price 价格;value价值;cost花费。medical value药用价值,故选C项。,13.(2016苏州,9)Steve Jobs was full of always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in socie

12、ty. A.instruction B.invitation C.introduction D.invention,答案 D 句意:史蒂夫乔布斯充满创造力,他总能想出新主意,引起社会的重大改变。本题考查名词词义 辨析。instruction指示;invitation邀请;introduction引进,介绍;invention发明,创造力。根据破折号后的句意可 知选D项。,评析 此题四个备选项都以-tion结尾,命题者试图通过相同后缀的名词来考查考生对形近词的掌握,其实 有些词意义相去甚远,如本题,只要掌握四个备选项的基本词义,再加上破折号后的内容,考生很快就能做出 正确的选择。这种命题方式也是

13、一种趋势。,14.(2016扬州,12)Why not buy a second-hand flat first if you dont have enough money? Thats a good . A.saying B.question C.suggestion D.decision,答案 C 句意:如果你没有足够的钱,为什么不先买一套二手公寓呢?好建议。本题考查名词词 义辨析。saying谚语;question问题;suggestion建议;decision决定。根据语境可知对方提供了一个建议。故 选C项。,15.(2015常州,5)Could you tell me the of

14、making such tasty cakes? Well,I just follow the instructions in the cookbook. A.time B.method C.cost D.menu,答案 B 句意:你能告诉我制作如此美味蛋糕的方法吗?噢,我只是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。 本题考查名词词义辨析。time时间;method方法;cost花费;menu菜单。根据语境可知此处指做蛋糕的方法, 故选B项。,一、名词的数和格,B组 20152019年全国中考题组,1.(2018新疆,28)Hurry up!Some and are on sale in the superm

15、arket. A.tomato;egg B.tomatoes;egg C.tomatoes;eggs D.tomato;eggs,答案 C 句意:快点儿!一些西红柿和鸡蛋正在超市打折销售。本题考查名词的数。tomato和egg为可数 名词且由Some修饰,应用复数形式,故选C项。,2.(2018广东,32)The three upstairs are too small to have enough for a double bed. A.room;room B.room;rooms C.rooms;room D.rooms;rooms,答案 C 句意:楼上的三个房间都太小了,没有足够的空间放

16、一张双人床。本题考查名词的数。room意为 “房间”时作可数名词,意为“空间”时作不可数名词。第一空指房间,第二空指每个房间的空间大小,故 选C项。,知识拓展 在英语中,部分名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但两者在意义上是不同的。如:experi- ence作可数名词时,意为“经历”,作不可数名词时,意为“经验”;glass作可数名词时,意为“玻璃杯”,作 不可数名词时,意为“玻璃”。平时要注意积累此类词语。,3.(2015广东,28)Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous in American . A.symbol;culture B.symbo

17、l;cultures C.symbols;culture D.symbols;cultures,答案 C 句意:米老鼠是美国文化中最著名的象征之一。本题考查名词的数。根据“one of+the+形容词 最高级+可数名词复数”可排除A、B两项;第二空指美国文化,应用单数,故选C项。,4.(2015山东临沂,19)I live near the station.Its only about five walk. A.minutes B.minute C.minutes D.minutes,答案 C 句意:我住在车站附近。(离车站)只有大概步行5分钟的路程。本题考查名词所有格的用法。空 格前有fiv

18、e,其后的名词应用复数,排除A、B两项;以-s结尾的名词复数的所有格一般在末尾直接加“”,故 选C项。,二、名词词义辨析,1.(2019河南,33)For his sons birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a . A.task B.treat C.choice D.visit,答案 B 句意:为了庆祝儿子的生日,Steven打算带他去看新电影作为款待。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. 任务;B.款待;C.选择;D.拜访。as a treat作为款待,故选B项。,2.(2019湖北武汉,37)Dad,what is the loud

19、speaker saying? It is to the . The flight to Wuhan is boarding now. A.customers B.passengers C.members D.tourists,答案 B 句意:爸爸,喇叭里正在说什么?那是对乘客说的。飞往武汉的航班正在登机。本题考 查名词的词义辨析。A:顾客;B:乘客;C:成员;D:游客。根据关键词flight和boarding可知,此处应该是对乘客 们说的话,故本题选择B。,3.(2019天津,23)The of this activity is to raise money for a new hospit

20、al. A.silence B.purpose C.culture D.language,答案 B 句意:这个活动的目的是为一所新医院募捐。本题考查名词词义辨析。silence寂静,安静;pur- pose目的;culture 文化;language 语言。由句意可知本题答案为B。,4.(2019重庆,24)One of the book is missing, so I cant learn the whole story. A.copy B.page C.writer D.reader,答案 B 句意:这本书的其中一页不见了,所以我无法了解整个故事。本题考查名词词义辨析。A:复制 品;B:

21、页;C:作者;D:读者。根据句意可知,其中的一页不见了,故选B。,5.(2019安徽,32)You can see the in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years. A.doubt B.pride C.regret D.ability,答案 B 句意:当我们谈论过去70年的伟大成就时,你可以看到我们的脸上洋溢着自豪。本题考查名词词 义辨析。A选项意思为“怀疑”;B选项意思为“自豪”;C选项意思为“后悔”;D选项意思为“能力”。 因为谈到过去的伟大成就,所以不自觉地流露出自豪的神情。,

22、6.(2019浙江温州,2)Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our ? Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast. A.hotel B.school C.factory D.company,答案 A 句意:先生,您在我们酒店过得愉快吗?是的,我睡得很好,我也喜欢你们的早餐。本题考 查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“酒店”;B选项意为“学校”;C选项意为“工厂”;D选项意为“公司”。 由句意可知本题选择A。 解题关键 本题的解题关键是对上下文的理解,由答句中“I slept well and I like the breakf

23、ast”可知只有 “酒店”符合逻辑,既可以休息又提供餐饮。,7.(2018安徽,32)What is the of your excellent spoken English? Practice makes perfect! A.result B.influence C.duty D.secret,答案 D 句意:你的口语极好,秘诀是什么?熟能生巧!本题考查名词词义辨析。result 结果;influ- ence影响;duty职责;secret秘诀。答语“熟能生巧”指学习方法,由此可知,此处问口语说得好的秘诀。故选 D项。,知识拓展 Practice makes perfect是英语谚语,表示

24、“熟能生巧”。考生理解谚语就能解题,因此平时要多 掌握英语谚语。,8.(2018江西,32)I live near a big . It gets very noisy on match days. A.Hospital B.store C.bank D.playground,答案 D 句意:我住在一个大操场附近。在比赛的日子里它变得很吵闹。本题考查名词词义辨析。hos- pital医院;store商店;bank银行;playground操场。根据后句中的on match days可知,此处指操场。故选D项。,思路分析 选项要放在语境中来思考,句子的意思要符合逻辑。只有playground与n

25、oisy、match相符。,9.(2018天津,24)Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden . A.competition B.interview C.treasure D.tradition,答案 C 句意:她的笑容使我感到温暖和充满活力。它就像是一个隐藏的宝藏。本题考查名词词义辨 析。competition竞赛;interview面试,采访;treasure宝藏,珍宝;tradition传统。既然她的笑容能使我感到温暖 和充满活力,那对我来说就是宝物,故选C项。,10.(2018湖北武汉,36)Kate,

26、Im going shopping. Anything to buy for you? Yes, that will save me a . A.hand B.trip C.visit D.bill,答案 B 句意:Kate,我要去购物。需要为你买些东西吗?要的,那将会省去我一趟行程。本题考 查名词词义辨析。hand手;trip旅行,行程;visit参观,拜访;bill账单。Kate因有人替她带东西,不用出去,即省去 了来回的行程,故选B项。,11.(2017湖北武汉,36)I wonder if youve made a decision on the project,Eric. Not y

27、et. I cant make it until I have first-hand on prices. A.news B.knowledge C.information D.education,答案 C 句意:我想知道关于这个项目你是否已经做出了决定, Eric。还没有。直到我获得第一 手的价格信息才能决定。本题考查名词词义辨析。news新闻;knowledge知识;information信息;education教 育。Eric认为只有知道了价格信息才能做决定,故选C项。,12.(2017湖北黄冈,28)Whats your prediction about the of our scho

28、ol basketball match next week? I am sure Class 8 will be the winner. A.teammate B.result C.information D.player,答案 B 句意:你对下周我们学校篮球比赛结果的预测是什么?我确信八班将会获胜。本题考 查名词词义辨析。teammate队友;result结果;information信息;player运动员。根据答语可知,此处在问对比 赛结果的预测,故选B项。,13.(2016安徽,32)Cathy has such a good that she won many prizes in si

29、nging competitions last year. A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time,答案 C 句意:Cathy有如此好的嗓音以至于她去年在歌唱比赛中得了许多奖。本题考查名词词义辨析。 sleep睡眠;idea想法;voice 嗓音;time时间。根据句意可知应选C项。,14.(2016河南,22)Are you going out with Jade tonight? Thats my . Mind your own! A.offer B.business C.question D.chance,答案 B 句意:你今晚要和Jade一起外出吗?那是我的事,管好

30、你自己吧!本题考查名词词义辨 析。offer提议;business生意,事情;question问题;chance机会。根据下文可知第二个人认为要不要和Jade出 去是他自己的事,不用别人管,故选B项。,15.(2015河南,22)Is this photo taken in Tibet? Yes.You can see beautiful snow mountains in the of the photo. A.form B.background C.shape D.introduction,答案 B 句意:这张照片是在西藏拍的吗?是的,你可以在照片的背景中看到美丽的雪山。本题 考查名词词义

31、辨析。form形式;background背景;shape形状;introduction介绍。照片是以雪山为背景的,故选 B项。,16.(2015江西,29)There are lots of that students have to follow in school. A.exercises B.problems C.skills D.rules,答案 D 句意:学校里有很多学生必须遵守的规则。本题考查名词词义辨析。exercise练习;problem问题; skill技巧;rule规则。that引导定语从句,空格处应为定语从句的先行词。根据句意和关键词follow可知,此处 应构成搭配fo

32、llow the rules遵守规则,故选D项。,17.(2015山东德州,27)The New York Times is a popular daily . A.dictionary B.magazine C.newspaper D.guidebook,答案 C 句意:纽约时报是一份流行的日报。本题考查名词词义辨析。dictionary词典;magazine杂 志;newspaper报纸;guidebook指南。根据常识可知,The New York Times是一份报纸,故选C项。,名词词义辨析,C组 教师专用题组,1.(2018江苏盐城,4)Please give me some on

33、 how to spend the coming weekend. A.space B.advice C.praise D.courage,答案 B 句意:请就如何度过即将到来的周末给我些建议。本题考查名词词义辨析。space空间;advice建 议;praise表扬;courage勇气。根据on how to.可知,这是在征求建议,advice符合语境,故选B项。,2.(2018浙江温州,2)What was the of the football match last night? AC Milan won the game. A.value B.result C.choice D.dec

34、ision,答案 B 句意:昨天晚上的足球赛的结果是什么?AC米兰赢得了这次比赛。本题考查名词词义 辨析。value价值;result结果;choice选择;decision决定。根据题干中“won the game”可知问话人想知道比 赛的结果。故选B项。,3.(2018湖北黄冈,26)Im thirsty, Mom. Id like something to drink. We only have some in the fridge. A.oranges B.ice-cream C.juice D.cheese,答案 C 句意:我渴了,妈妈。我想要一些喝的东西。我们的冰箱里只有一些果汁。

35、本题考查 名词词义辨析。A选项意为“橘子”;B选项意为“冰激凌”;C选项意为“果汁”;D选项意为“奶酪”。 由句意可知本题选C。,4.(2018辽宁沈阳,1)Small cars are useful in cities with narrow . A.streets B.cinemas C.squares D.shops,答案 A 句意:小型汽车在街道狭窄的城市里有用。本题考查名词词义辨析。street街道;cinema电影院; square广场;shop商店。根据句意可知选A。,5.(2017江苏南京,4)I go swimming every day. Wow!Thats a good

36、. It keeps you healthy. A.match B.task C.habit D.dream,答案 C 句意:我每天去游泳。哇!那是一个好习惯。它使你保持身体健康。本题考查名词词义 辨析。match比赛,火柴;task任务;habit习惯;dream梦想。根据题干第一句的go swimming every day可知,每 天游泳是一个习惯。故选C项。,6.(2017重庆A卷,24)Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week. Well, youd better take a with you, or you may easil

37、y get lost. A.photo B.stamp C.map D.postcard,答案 C 句意:Judy,下周我要在加拿大开会。噢,你最好随身带张地图,否则你可能会很容易迷 路的。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据“在加拿大开会”和“迷路”可以判断应该是带“地图”。故选C 项。,7.(2017江西,30)Do you have any for tonight yet? Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach? A.problems B.news C.plans D.rules,答案 C 句意:你今晚有什么计划吗?还没有。在海滩上野餐怎

38、么样?本题考查名词词义辨析。 problem问题;news新闻;plan计划;rule规矩。根据语境可知,两人正在商量晚上的“计划”,故选C项。,8.(2017天津,24)Dont stand too close to North Americans. Youd better give them more personal . A.time B.system C.space D.pity,答案 C 句意:别站得离北美人太近。你最好给他们更多的个人空间。本题考查名词词义辨析。A项意 为“时间”,B项意为“系统”,C项意为“空间”,D项意为“遗憾”。根据句意选C项。,9.(2016江苏连云港,8)

39、Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language. Yes,its a major way of for them. A.suggestion B.vacation C.production D.communication,答案 D 句意:学习手语对于耳聋的人很有用。是的,这是他们的一种主要的交流方式。本题考 查名词词义辨析。suggestion建议;vacation假期;production生产;communication交流,a major way of commu- nication一种主要的交流方式,符合题意。故选D项。,10.

40、(2016江苏宿迁,7)When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his and felt afraid. A.task B.work C.way D.job,答案 C 句意:当那个男人独自一人穿过森林的时候,他迷路了,感到很害怕。本题考查名词词义辨析。 task任务;work工作;way路;job工作。根据句意可知选C。,11.(2016重庆A卷,25)Its hot today. Have some , please. No, thanks. Im not thirsty at all. A.water B.potatoes C

41、.bread D.cakes,答案 A 句意:今天很热,请喝点水吧。不,谢谢。我一点也不渴。本题考查名词词义辨析。由 thirsty可知上文提到的应该是喝的东西,只有water符合语境。,12.(2016河北,29)Your is very helpful. I guess Ill take it. A.secret B.advice C.promise D.purpose,答案 B 句意:你的建议非常有用。我想我会采纳它。本题考查名词词义辨析。secret秘密;advice建议; promise承诺;purpose目的。句中it指代your advice, take ones advice听

42、从某人的建议,其他三个备选项都不 能和take搭配。故选B项。,13.(2016湖北襄阳,27)Look!So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there. Theyre for public. This of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang City. A.number B.pair C.kind D.piece,答案 C 句意:看!那边如此多色彩鲜艳的自行车排成两排。它们是公用的。这种智能环保的交 通工具在襄阳市到处可见。本题考查名词词义辨析。number数量;pair双,对;k

43、ind种类;piece片。,14.(2015江苏苏州,3)None of them talked.They finished their meal in . A.silence B.order C.place D.public,答案 A 句意:他们都不说话,一声不吭地吃完了饭。本题考查名词词义辨析。介词in和四个名词都能构 成短语,in silence沉默地;in order准备好,就绪;in place在正确位置,准备妥当;in public公开地。由None of them talked.可知应选A项。,15.(2015江苏泰州,11)Im tired out these days. We

44、ll,youd better keep a between work and play. A.promise B.diary C.balance D.secret,答案 C 句意:这些天我累坏了。嗯,你最好在工作和娱乐之间保持平衡。本题考查名词词义辨 析。promise诺言;diary日记;balance平衡;secret秘密。keep a balance between.and.在和之间保持 平衡。故选C项。,16.(2015天津,24)In 1998,Liu Xiangs in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping. A.ability B.trade C

45、.electricity D.memory,答案 A 句意:在1998年,刘翔在跨栏赛跑方面所具备的能力被孙海平注意到。本题考查名词词义辨析。 ability能力;trade贸易;electricity电;memory记忆。根据句意可知选A项。,17.(2015广西南宁,28)Maori people in New Zealand touch when they meet. A.trees B.noses C.caps D.desks,答案 B 句意:新西兰毛利人见面时碰鼻子。本题考查名词词义辨析。tree树;nose鼻子;cap帽子;desk课 桌。根据句意及外国礼仪知识可知答案为B项。,1

46、8.(2015河北,29)Could you please take my picture? Here is my . A.printer B.radio C.player D.camera,答案 D 句意:你能给我照张相片吗?这是我的照相机。本题考查名词词义辨析。printer打印机;radio收 音机;player 播放器;camera照相机。根据take my picture 可知答案为D项。,19.(2015安徽,36)How can I get some about the 2016 Olympic Games? Why not search the Internet? A.info

47、rmation B.experience C.practice D.success,答案 A 句意:我怎样能得到一些有关2016年奥运会的信息呢?为什么不上网查一下呢?本题考 查名词词义辨析。information信息;experience经验;practice练习;success成功。根据句意可知答案为A项。,20.(2015辽宁沈阳,5)Bob has got good exam results.His parents are proud of his . A.success B.chance C.idea D.dream,答案 A 句意:鲍勃考出了好成绩。他的父母为他的成功感到自豪。本题

48、考查名词词义辨析。success成 功;chance机会;idea想法;dream梦想。根据句意可知答案为A项。,21.(2015重庆A卷,23)Dave really likes driving.I think being a is just right for him. A.doctor B.teacher C.farmer D.driver,答案 D 句意:戴夫的确喜欢开车。我认为做驾驶员对他来说正合适。考查名词词义辨析。doctor医生; teacher教师;farmer农民;driver驾驶员。由likes driving可知应选D。,22.(2015湖北黄冈,26)Whats your favorite,Jim? My favorite is .I often listen to it on MP3. A.sports B.dance C.s