2015年电子科技大学考研专业课试题单独考试英语.pdf

1、1 电子科技大学 2015 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：288 英语（单考）注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。I.Vocabulary(30 x0.5=15)Directions:In this section there are thirty sentences,and each sentence contains a blank.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,and D.You should choose the ONE that best

2、 fits the sentence.Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.Recently scientists have _ some instruments for measuring the distances between stars.A device B devised C distributed D dispatched 2.A loud noise _ my attention from cooking and everything was burnt.A distressed B distorted C di

3、verted D disturbed 3.The fact _ she was a few minutes late is no reason for discharging her.A why B which C that D where 4.The University of Chicago _ the finishing graduate students less tuition because it knew that these students were hard up for money.A expended B cost C offered D charged 5.Doing

4、 your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests.A when B since C before D after 6.I made up my mind that under no circumstances _ to such a principle.A couldnt I agree B I couldnt agree C I could agree D could I agree 7.All _ is a co

5、ntinuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed 8.I remember seeing him some years ago,but I cant _ where it was.A remind B recall C recognize D memorize 9.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer,but Los Angeles _.A is rarely

6、B hardly C rarely is D is scarcely 10.He was late for five minutes again because he _ the train.A had missed B has missed C missed D was missing 2 11.It was after the failure of his attempt that he _ to force.A resorted B resigned C resolved D rescued 12.Perhaps this might be a _ opportunity for my

7、mentioning who I am.A favorable B favorite C favor D feasible 13.Television is another major instrument of communication _ us to see as well as to hear the performer.A permitted B to permit C permitting D being permitted 14.They were afraid that in his fury he would _ the child.A injure B harm C dam

8、age D spoil 15.It was my fathers courage and devotion that _ his man with the determination.A inspired B provided C install D instruct 16.A fierce debate was _ over the question of self-government for Ireland.A on the way B in a way C under way D over the way 17.His guilt is _ by his absence from th

9、e scene at the time of the crime.A pointed out B pulled out C made out D ruled out 18.Smith could be a very competent worker but he _ to his job.A pays no attention B was paying no attention C paid no attention D had paid attention 19.I would have come sooner but _ that you were waiting.A didnt know

10、 B hadnt known C have known D havent known 20.We can _ gesture correctly only if we are familiar with the customs and conventions of the people who use them.A interpret B exchange C define D resolve 21.Your design is not technically _.For instance,how can we make such tiny motors?A possible B imagin

11、able C feasible D probable 22.Scientists have tried many ways to prevent the nuclear reactor from _ harmful and dangerous radiation.A giving up B giving in C giving away D giving off 23.What can we do for them _ all the help they have given us?A in regard to B in return for C in honor of D in case o

12、f 24.I wonder how many years ago _.A did your father retire B your father retired C has your father retired D your father has retired 3 25.Last year,Matt earned _ his brother,who has a better position.A twice as much as B twice as many as C twice more than D twice as more as 26.This project is known

13、 to _ for three months.A having been going on B have been going on C go on D be going on 27.I didnt know what to do but then an idea suddenly _ to me.A took place B occurred C happened D hit 28.Athletes have to be _ to endure all kinds of fresh pain and spirit pain.A rough B tough C brave D touched

14、29.Jack is kind,hardworking and intelligent _,I cant speak too highly of him.A as a result B by the way C in a word D on the contrary 30.Once environmental change _,it takes many years for the system to recover.A has done B is to do C does D is done II.Reading Comprehension(25x2=50)Section A Directi

15、ons:There are four passages in this section.Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1 Native Americans from the so

16、utheastern part of what is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three separate,but related,words:the Upper World,the Lower World,and This world.In the last there lived humans,most animals and all plants.This World,a round island resting on the surface o

17、r waters,was suspended from the sky by four cords attached to the island at the four cardinal points of the compass.Lines drawn to connect the opposite points of the compass,from north to south and form east to west,intersected This World to divide it into four wedge-shaped segments.Thus a symbolic

18、representation of the human world was a cross within a circle,the cross representing the intersecting lines and the circle the shape of This World.Each segment of This World was identified by its own color.According to Cherokee doctrine,east was associated with the color red because it was the direc

19、tion of the Sun,the greatest of deity of all.Red was also the color of fire,believed to be directly connected with the Sun,with blood,and therefore with life.Finally,red was the color of success.The west was the Moon segment;it provided no warmth and was not life-giving as the Sun was.So its color w

20、as black.North was the direction of cold,and so its color was blue(sometimes purple),and it represented trouble and defeat.South was the direction of warmth;its color,white,was associated with peace and 4 happiness.The southeastern Native Americans universe was one in which opposites were constantly

21、 at war with each other,red against black,blue against white.This world hovered somewhere between the perfect order and predictability of the Upper World and the total disorder and instability of the Lower World.The goal was to find some kind of halfway path,or balance between those other worlds.31.

22、Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A One Civilizations View of the Universe B The Changing of the Seasons in the Southeast C The Painting of Territorial Maps by Southeastern Native Americans D The War Between Two Native American Civilizations 32.The author implies that This Wor

23、ld was located _.A inside the Upper World B inside the Lower World C above the Upper World D between the Upper World and the Lower World 33.According to the passage,southeastern Native Americans compared This World to _.A waters B the sky C an animal D an island 34.According to the passage,lines div

24、ided This World into how many segments?A Two B Three C Four D Five 35.According to the passage,which of the following colors represented the West for southeastern Native Americans?A Blue B White C Black D Purple Passage 2 As the economic role of multinational,global corporations expands,the internat

25、ional economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by governments or international institutions,but by the interaction between governments and global corporations,especially in the United States,Europe,and Japan.A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional

26、 trading blocs of nations,which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading system.Two examples of the this trend are the United States,Canada Free Trade Agreement(FTA)and Europe 1992,the move by the European Community(EC)to dismantle impediments to the free flow of the good

27、s,services,capital,and labor among member states by the end of 1992.However,although numerous political and economic factors were operative in launching the move to integrate the ECs markets,concern about protectionism within the EC does not appear to have been a major consideration.This is in sharp

28、 contrast to the FTA,the overwhelming reason for that bilateral initiative was fear of increasing United States protectionism.5 Nonetheless,although markedly different in origin and nature,both regional developments are highly significant in that they will foster integration in the two largest and r

29、ichest markets of the world,as well as provoke question about the future direction of the world trading system.36.The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to _.A describe an initiative and purpose its continuance B chronicle a development and illustrate its inconsistencies C indentify a tren

30、d and suggest its importance D summarize a process and question its significance 37.According to the passage,all of the following are elements of the shifting world economy EXCEPT _.A an alteration in the role played by governments B an increase in interaction between national governments and intern

31、ational regulatory institutions.C an increase in the formation of multinational trading alliances D an increase in integration in the two richest markets of the world 38.The passage suggests which of the following about global corporations?A Their continued growth depends on the existence of a fully

32、 integrated international market.B Their potential effect on the world market is ongoing concern to international institutions.C They will have to assume quasigovernmental functions if current economic trends continue.D Their influence on world economics will continue to increase.39.According to the

33、 passage,one similarity between FTA and Europe 1992 is that they both _.A overcame concerns about the role of politics in the shifting world economy B originated out of concern over unfair trade practices by other countries C exemplify a trend toward regionalization of commercial markets D place the

34、 economic needs of the trading bloc ahead of those of the member nations 40.The author discusses the FTA and Europe 1992 most likely in order to _.A point out the similarities between two seemingly disparate trading alliances B illustrate how different economic motivations produce different types of

35、 trading blocs C provide contrasting examples of a trend that is influencing the world economy D identify the most important characteristics of successful economic integration 6 Passage 3 Since the 1990s,uncontrolled or unreasonable Internet use has been identified as a problem with signs similar to

36、 other addictions.Pathological Internet use has been linked with relationship problems,health problems,aggressive behavior and other psychiatric symptoms.“Parents should be vigilant about their childrens online behavior”said lead researcher Lawrence T.Lam,from the School of Medicine,Sydney,and the U

37、niversity of Notre Dame Australia.“Should there be any concern about young people involving problematic Internet-use behavior,professional help should be sought immediately.”This sort of behavior may be a manifestation of some underlying problems that are more insidious.Given the results obtained fr

38、om the study,even mentally healthy young people may succumb to depression after a long exposure of problematic use of the Internet.The mental health consequences of problematic Internet use for those who have already had a history of psychological or psychiatric problems would be more damaging.For t

39、he study,Lam and his colleague collected data on a pathological Internet use among 1,041 teens aged 13 to 18.They tested the teens for depression and anxiety,and questioned them about pathological Internet use and common addictive behaviors.At the start of the study,the researchers classified 6.2 pe

40、rcent of the teens as having a moderately pathological Internet problem and 0.2 percent as seriously at risk.Nine month later,the teens were reassessed for depression and anxiety.The researchers found 0.2 percent had symptoms of anxiety and 8.4 percent had become depressed.The risk of becoming depre

41、ssed was 2.5 times higher among teens who were addicted to Internet compared with those who werent.However,there was no association between pathological Internet use and anxiety.The study has a direct implication on the prevention of mental illness among young people.The results of the study indicat

42、ed that young people who use the Internet pathologically are most at risk of mental problems and would develop depression when they continue with that behavior.Early intervention and prevention that targets at-risk groups with identified risk factors is effective in reducing the burden of depression

43、 among young people.Screening for at-risk individuals in the school setting could be considered as an effective early prevention strategy.“Hence,a screening program for pathological use of Internet could also be considered in all high schools in order to indentify at-risk individuals for early couns

44、eling and treatment.”The key for parents is to monitor their childrens media time and content.The technology changes,the medium changes,but the issue always come down to parents ascertaining control over their childrens behavior and monitoring it.7 41.Pathological Internet use _.A is closely connect

45、ed with a childs character B should be treated and corrected professionally C stems from childrens aggressive behavior D is a symptom that indicates Internet addiction 42.Lam study suggests that _.A children are at a great risk for addictive behavior B problematic Internet use should receive early t

46、reatment C becoming depressed does not mean becoming anxious D moderate Internet users are also seriously at risk 43.Problematic use of the Internet is connected to all the following except _.A aggressive behavior B depression C health problem D anxiety 44.The screening program is mainly used for _.

47、A preventing children from getting addicted to the Internet B monitoring what children use their computers for C indentifying the unhealthy use of the Internet content D reducing the number of students who suffer from depression 45.The authors attitude towards childrens Internet use is _.A indiffere

48、nt B suspicious C apprehensive D critical Passage 4 We threaten punishments in order to deter crime.We impose them not only to make the threats credible but also as retribution(justice)for the crimes that were not deterred.Threats and punishments are necessary to deter and deterrence is a sufficient

49、 practical justification for them.Although penalties can be unwise,repulsive,or inappropriate,and those punished can be pitiable,in a sense the infliction of legal punishment on a guilty person cannot be unjust.By committing the crime,the criminal volunteered to assume the risk of receiving a legal

50、punishment that he could have avoided by not committing the crime.There remain,however,two moral objections.The penalty may be regarded as always excessive as retribution and always morally degrading.To regard the death penalty as always excessive,one must believe that no crimeno matter how heinousc