1、本章内容v存储器器件v地址译码v8088和80188(8位)存储器接口v808680386SX(16位)存储器接口v80386DX80486(32位)存储器接口vPentiumCore2(64位)存储器接口vDRAM存储器器件的引脚vThe number of address pins is related to the number of memory locations.Common sizes are 1M to 64GB locations.Therefore,between 20 and 36 address pins are present.存储器器件的引脚(续1)vThe num
2、ber of data pins is related to the size of the memory location.For example,an 8-bit wide(byte-wide)memory device has 8 data pins.Catalog listing of 1K X 8 indicate a byte addressable 8K memory.存储器器件的引脚(续2)vEach memory device has at least one chip select(CS)or chip enable(CE)pin that enables the memo
3、ry device.This enables read and/or write operations.If more than one are present,then all must be 0 in order to perform a read or write.存储器器件的引脚(续3)vROMOE#or G#.vRAMOE#and WE#R/W#存储器中的数据组织v存储字:计算机系统中,作为一个整体一次存放和取出内存储器的数据称为“存储字”。v字节编址:一个存储地址对应一个8位存储单元。vIntel x86:低地址,低字节vMotorola 680X0:低地址,高字节32位存储字位存
4、储字12345678H在内在内存中的存放情况存中的存放情况本章内容v存储器器件v地址译码v8088和80188(8位)存储器接口v808680386SX(16位)存储器接口v80386DX80486(32位)存储器接口vPentiumCore2(64位)存储器接口vDRAM存储芯片结构与译码方式器器器器双译码双译码可以简化译可以简化译码电路和驱动电路。码电路和驱动电路。片内地址 vs.片外地址地址译码技术v简单的与非门译码器v3-8线译码器(74LS138)v双2-4线译码器(74LS139)vPLD可编程译码器本章内容v存储器器件v地址译码v8088和80188(8位)存储器接口v80868
5、0386SX(16位)存储器接口v80386DX80486(32位)存储器接口vPentiumCore2(64位)存储器接口vDRAM8088存储系统(512KB)本章内容v存储器器件v地址译码v8088和80188(8位)存储器接口v808680386SX(16位)存储器接口v80386DX80486(32位)存储器接口vPentiumCore2(64位)存储器接口vDRAM8086存储系统v数据总线16位,要求一次既可以访问一个字节,又可以访问一个字。奇偶分体:BHE#和BLE#(A0)本章内容v存储器器件v地址译码v8088和80188(8位)存储器接口v808680386SX(16位)
6、存储器接口v80386DX80486(32位)存储器接口vPentiumCore2(64位)存储器接口vDRAM80386DX80486的存储器组织v字节允许线BE0#BE3#,用来选通数据总线的不同部件。本章内容v存储器器件v地址译码v8088和80188(8位)存储器接口v808680386SX(16位)存储器接口v80386DX80486(32位)存储器接口vPentiumCore2(64位)存储器接口vDRAMPentiumCore2的存储器组织v8个存储体本章内容v存储器器件v地址译码v8088和80188(8位)存储器接口v808680386SX(16位)存储器接口v80386DX
7、80486(32位)存储器接口vPentiumCore2(64位)存储器接口vDRAMDRAM芯片vDRAMs must be refreshed(rewritten)every 2 to 4 msSince they store their value on an integrated capacitor that loses charge over time.This refresh is performed by a special circuit in the DRAM which refreshes the entire memory.Refresh also occurs on a
8、 normal read,write or during a special refresh cycle.vThe large storage capacity of DRAMs make it impractical to add the required number of address pins.Instead,the address pins are multiplexed.DRAM芯片Intel 2164Av容量:64K1位v存取时间:150ns/200nsv每2ms需刷新一遍,每次刷新512个单元。地址总线:地址总线:A0A7行地址行地址,列地址选择:列地址选择:RAS#,CAS#读写控制:读写控制:WE#数据输入数据输入/输出:输出:DIN,DOUTVCC,VSSNCDRAM芯片Intel 2164256K1DRAM的内部结构vRAS#与CAS#本章小结v存储器器件10.1节,存储器引脚v地址译码与非门译码器、3-8译码器、2-4译码器v8088和80188(8位)存储器接口v808680386SX(16位)存储器接口v80386DX80486(32位)存储器接口vPentiumCore2(64位)存储器接口了解8086Core2的存储器组织方式vDRAM了解RAS#与CAS#引脚的作用作业v习题15,习题21。
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