Unit 7 Learning about Englishppt课件.ppt

1、制作人：上海建制作人：上海建桥学桥学院大院大学学英英语语第1页，共51页。Unit 7 Learning about English Jan,2008Jan,2008第2页，共51页。The Glorious Messiness of English Text A 第3页，共51页。Contents Warm-up Activities Background Information Words and Phrases Text Learning Text Organization Sentences Study Rhetorical Devices in Text A After Readin

2、g Summary of Text A第4页，共51页。Warm-up Activities 第5页，共51页。Whats your impression of the English language?Class Discussion 第6页，共51页。Class Discussion Why there are so many people learning English in present China?第7页，共51页。Do you think the globalization of English means the Anglicization of the global?Cla

3、ss Discussion第8页，共51页。Background Information 第9页，共51页。The History of English Old English(4501100)The Germanic Conquest -the historical mark of the beginning of the Old English The Main Characteristics of Old English Foreign Influences on Old EnglishMiddle English(11001500)The Norman Conquest Foreign

4、 Influences on Middle EnglishModern English(15001900)The Conditions for the Changes The Features of English during this Period第10页，共51页。Old English(4501100)第11页，共51页。Around the year 449 Britain was conquered by the three Germanic tribes:the Jutes,Saxons and Angles.They settled in the areas they occu

5、pied and established separate kingdoms.They became the founders of the English nation.The history of a language is always closely related with the history of its speakers!The Germanic ConquestThe Germanic Conquest -the historical mark of the beginning of the Old Englishthe historical mark of the beg

6、inning of the Old English第12页，共51页。The Germanic ConquestThe Germanic Conquest第13页，共51页。The Main Characteristics of Old EnglishThe Main Characteristics of Old EnglishThe Germanic tribes were exposed to LatinLatin before they invaded England,so the languages they spoke did have some Latin influence.Af

7、ter converting to Christianity,Latin had more influence,as evidenced in words pertaining to the church.Celtic did not have a large impact on English,as only a few place names are of Celtic origin,but Danish(Old Old Scandinavian Scandinavian)did contribute many vocabulary words.第14页，共51页。Foreign Infl

8、uences on Old English第15页，共51页。The Celtic InfluenceThe Celtic Influence The defeated native Celts left a small number of words,mainly place names for the Germanic invaders,such as Lunden(London),Temese(Thames).The Great Effects of ChristianityThe Great Effects of Christianity The introduction of Chr

9、istianity from Rome to Britain in 597 exert the greatest influence of Latin on not only the old English language but on the whole English civilization.It is estimated that 450 Latin words,mainly religious words entered the Old English vocabulary,more than 350 of which were used as the core words.第16

10、页，共51页。The Scandinavian InfluenceThe Scandinavian Influence Near the end of the Old English period,the language underwent a third foreign influence.With the Scandinavian attacks on England,the Old Norse was brought to Old English by the Danes.Not like the introduction of Christianity as a different

11、civilization,the Scandinavian civilization is very much like the English.Consequently,the Scandinavian elements entered the English language are such through the give-and-take of everyday life.Therefore the Scandinavian influences dominates the fields as wide as laws and administrative,names of plac

12、es and people,daily words,etc.第17页，共51页。Middle English(11001500)第18页，共51页。The Norman ConquestThe Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest in 1066 is regarded as one big event that changed the whole course of the English language as a Germanic language.The Norman ruling of the English people brought about

13、 the use of French by the upper class and French literature at the court;while the English language was sustained among the lower class.第19页，共51页。Foreign Influences on Middle English第20页，共51页。French Influence on the Vocabulary and its AssimilationFrench Influence on the Vocabulary and its Assimilati

14、on After the Norman Conquest,the French rulers came with their language.Inevitably English received huge impacts in every aspect,the most direct of which is the vocabulary.However,most of the new French words are assimilated by adding the English endings so that they became the basis of the derivati

15、ves.(e.g.,faith,gentle)第21页，共51页。During the ruling of the Norman Conquerors,three languages:French,English and Latin were adopted respectively by the three classes:the upper rulers,the lower workers and the middle ecclesiastics and men of learning.So a large number of literary works were written in

16、Latin,which contribute to the direct Latin borrowings of the Middle English.(e.g.,history,genius)The Borrowings from Latin The Borrowings from Latin第22页，共51页。Modern English(15001900)第23页，共51页。The introduction of the process of printing from movable type exerted an eventual influence on the language

17、development.The education was widely received by the common people.The communication among people in different areas intensified by commerce,transportation promoted the exchange of languages.The Conditions for the Changes of English from Middle to ModernThe Conditions for the Changes of English from

18、 Middle to Modern第24页，共51页。The colonial expansion of Great BritainThe colonial expansion of Great Britain The English language was widely spread within the colonies of the British Empire The growth of scienceThe growth of science The Late Modern English witnessed the greatest and rapidest developmen

19、t of science in human history.The modern growth of science brought the modern civilization and language.Language is a mirror of progress.The frequent international communicationThe frequent international communication The English language has been internationalized and interrelated with other langua

20、ges in the world.The Factors Affecting the LanguageThe Factors Affecting the Language第25页，共51页。The increasing vocabulary of the Modern EnglishThe increasing vocabulary of the Modern English By a variety of ways such as borrowing,affixation,compounding,meaning shifting,coinage,etc.The three types of

21、Standards exist side by side The three types of Standards exist side by side The literary standard(the written language)The spoken standard(the received pronunciation)The popular speech(the daily English)English overseas English overseas English has become the language spoken in the most countries o

22、f the world.The Features of English during this PeriodThe Features of English during this Period第26页，共51页。Words and Phrases第27页，共51页。corrupt:vt.1)cause errors to appear in-The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted,as they corrupted the language.2)cause to act dishonestly in

23、return for personal gains-To our great surprise,the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power.-To gain more profits,the businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local government.第28页，共51页。ban:vt.forbid(sth.)officially -The local government

24、will ban smoking in all public places in 2010.-Tom was banned from driving for one month after being caught speeding again.Pattern:ban sth.ban sb.from(doing)sth.n.ban(followed by on)-The ban on underground nuclear tests is a vital step toward disarmament.第29页，共51页。necessity:n.1)sth.You must have in

25、order to live properly or do sth.-Water and air ate the basic necessity of life.-Nowadays many people would consider a car as a necessity.2)the state of being necessary;the need for sth.-There is absolutely no necessity for you to be involved in the project./-They reached an agreement on the necessi

26、ty of educational reforms.第30页，共51页。arouse:vt.to provoke(a particular feeling or attitude)The mans strange behavior aroused the policemans suspicions.The teacher tried his best to arouse his students interest in English learning.surrender:vi.give in We will never surrender to terrorism despite the t

27、errorist attacks.Pattern:surrender to sb./sth.第31页，共51页。resemble:vt.be like or similar toHe resembles his mother more than his father.nThe kid would pound spoons on any surface that resembled a drum.descend:e down(from a source)The Japanese are thought to be descended from tribes from the north of C

28、hina.Pattern:descend from.第32页，共51页。establish:vt.1)cause to be,set up -The PRC was established in Oct.1st,1949.-The bank helps people wanting to establish their business.2)place or settle ab./oneself in a position,an office,etc.-They are establishing themselves as the market leaders./-She establishe

29、d her fame as an actress.Pattern:establish ab./oneself as.第33页，共51页。pass(sth.)on to(sb.):hand or give(sth.)to(sb.)The rich man passed on much of his fortune to his daughter.When you have finished reading the novel,please pass it on to Mary.put(sth.)into practice:We should put what we have learned in

30、to practice.Having delayed several times,we must put this plan into practice now.第34页，共51页。enrich:vt.1)make rich or richer -The development of oil fields enriched many Arabian countries.-That once poor village has been enriched by the profits from tourism.2)improve -Travel enriches peoples lives./-I

31、t is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.第35页，共51页。modify:vt.change slightly The school authority plans to modify the school regulation.The computer programmers tired to modify the design of the software to make it suitable for commercial products.source:n.a place from which es or is obta

32、ined.Tourism,which is the major source of income for the city,has been seriously affected by economic crisis.第36页，共51页。out of control:no longer able to be controlled The fire was out of control by the time the fire fighters arrived.There was nothing they could do about it.The situation was out of co

33、ntrol.strike out:start being independent;start doing what one wants to do in lifeAfter working for his father for about ten years,he decided to strike out his own.第37页，共51页。Text Learning 第38页，共51页。Part Division of the TextPartsLines Main Ideas 11-17218-89390-102Massive borrowing from other languages

34、 is a major feature of the English language.Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.Tolerance,love of freedom,and respect for the rights of others-these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.第3

35、9页，共51页。Sentences Study 第40页，共51页。1.so they invent a word,balladeur,which French kids are supposed to say instead-but they dont.Paraphrase this part of the sentence.-French children are expected to say the word“balladeur”instead of“Walkman”but they dont say it.Pattern:sb.be supposed to do sth.-某人被期望

36、/要求（按规则，惯例等）做某事 Exercises:P.222,Structure,part 2第41页，共51页。2.The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity(I,me,you);possession(mine,yours);the body(eye,nose,mouth);size(tall,short);and necessities(food,water).1)Paraphrase this part.2)Translate this part into Chin

37、ese.-The history of English is revealed in the first words a child learns about-英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示的词汇当中。第42页，共51页。3.Fortunately their idea has never been put into practice.That tolerance for change also represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom.What can we infer from this sentence about the authors

38、attitude towards English?-The author prefers what English is today to what some British scholars wanted it to do.第43页，共51页。Rhetorical Devices 第44页，共51页。1.THE GLORIOUS MESSINESS OF ENGLISH1)Translate the title into Chinese.2)What kind of rhetorical device is used in the title?-英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象.-The rhe

39、torical device used here is called oxymoron(矛盾修饰法矛盾修饰法).An oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle the reader,luring him/her to pause and explore why.Here“Glorious”is a commendatory(褒义的)term,while“Messiness”is derogatory(贬义的).As the reader reads on,he/she will know that English is m

40、essy,but the messiness reflects some commendable qualities of English,such as tolerance,the love of freedom,and the respect for others rights.At this point the reader cannot but admire the authors ingenuity.第45页，共51页。2.“We shall fight on the beaches,we shall fight on the landing grounds,we shall fig

41、ht in the fields and in the streets,we shall fight in the hills.We shall never surrender.”What kind of rhetorical device is used here?And whats the function of it?-The rhetorical device used here is called parallelism(排比法排比法).With this device the sentences become more powerful and will leave a deepe

42、r impression on listeners or readers.第46页，共51页。3.The country now had three languages:French for the nobles,Latin for the churches and English for the common people.What kind of rhetorical device is used here?-The rhetorical device used here is called metonymy(转喻转喻).Here the word“churches”stands for

43、religious institutions and those who are involved in religious practices.For another example,in the sentence“The kettle boils.”,the word“kettle”stands for“the water in the kettle”.第47页，共51页。4.Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page,and with them thousands of Latin

44、words like capsule andWhat is the Chinese version of this part?-希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册.What kind of rhetorical device is used here?-The author uses personification(拟人法拟人法)in this part.第48页，共51页。5.Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of fr

45、eedom and rights of man in the modern world.The first shoots sprang up in England,and they grew stronger in America.The English-speaking peoples have defeated all efforts to build fences around their language.What kind of rhetorical device is used in these sentences?-The rhetorical device used in th

46、ese sentences is called metaphor.Here the author uses a sustained metaphor:the cultural soil,the first shoots sprang up,grew stronger,build fences around their language.In this case the English language is compared to plants,and the various cultures influencing it are compared to the soil,while user

47、s of English are compared to gardeners.Besides this,the author employs many other metaphors in this text,such as core of English(Para.4),another flood of new vocabulary(Para.14),and the special preserve of grammarians(Para.19).第49页，共51页。After Reading 第50页，共51页。Summary of Text A A fascinating feature

48、 of the English language is its tolerance of new words and phrases,either borrowed or invented.There exists no authority to examine each new addition to the language,to determine what is acceptable and to ban what is not.True,some people do think that borrowed words corrupt the language.They think the language is running out of control.There was even some talk at one time of establishing an academy to maintain the purity of the language.Fortunately the idea never took hold.Massive borrowing from a rich variety of sources was,as a result,left free to greatly enrich the language.第51页，共51页。