专题九并列连词和状语从句课件.pptx

1、栏目索引专题九并列连词和状语从句专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考向分析考向分析考向分析 在高考中,针对并列连词的考查主要体现在and,but,or,so等词的用法上。状语从句包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等,而高考考查的重点是when,if,because,be-fore,until,since等引导词的用法。栏目索引考点清单考点一并列连词考点一并列连词单句填空单句填空考点清单语境运用语境运用1.I am not afraid of tomorrow,for I have seen yesterday and I love today.栏目索引考点清

2、单答案答案for句意:我不惧怕明天,因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。本题考查并列连词。根据语境可知,前后分句为因果关系,故答案为for。栏目索引考点清单2.He is a shy man,but/yet he is not afraid of anything or anyone.答案答案but/yet句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事,也不害怕任何人。根据句意可知前后两个分句为转折关系,故用but/yet。栏目索引考点清单3.Give me a chance,and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.答案答案and句意:给我一次机会,我会给你一个惊喜

3、。本题考查并列连词。根据“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式,故填and。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单4.Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discoverywhile another man,also intelligent,fails.答案答案while 句意:没办法知道为什么有人能够有重大发现,而有的人同样聪明,却不能。while 在这里表示两种情况的对比。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单1.and(1)and作并列连词,意为

4、“和,并且”,当连接三个或三个以上并列的成分时,一般在最后两者之间加and,其余用逗号分开。He bought a book and a pen.他买了一本书和一支笔。Solid,liquid and gas are the three states of matter.固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。用法精讲用法精讲49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单(2)go(come,stop等)+and+动词,“and+动词”相当于“in order to+动词”。Ill go and bring back your boots.=Ill go in orde

5、r to bring back your boots.我去把你的靴子拿来。(3)“动词+and+同一动词”表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”。We waited and waited.我们等呀等。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单(4)“祈使句+and+陈述句”相当于“if从句+主句”。Work hard and you will succeed.=If you work hard,you will succeed.努力工作,你就会成功。One more time(=Give me one more time)and I will succeed.=I

6、f you give me one more time,I will succeed.再给我一次机会,我就会成功。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单2.or(1)or表示选择,意为“或,还是”。Would you prefer tea or coffee?你喜欢茶还是咖啡?Are you going to America by boat or by air?你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机?(2)“祈使句+or(else)+陈述句”相当于“if.not.+主句”。Hurry up,or youll be late for school.=If you dont

7、 hurry up,youll be late for school.49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单赶快,否则你上学就要迟到了。Dress warmly,or else youll catch cold.穿暖和点,否则你会感冒的。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单3.表示对比、转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,whereas,while等。Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now.简说她生病了,但刚才我在街上看到了她。He lik

8、es pop music,while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.有一些研究结果令人满意,然而其他的则不然。此外but还可用于“Im sorry but.”,“Excuse me but.”句型中。I am sorry but I wont be able to come tonight.对不起我今晚不能来。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单4.表示因果关系的并列连词有so

9、,for等。The leaves of the trees are falling,for its already autumn.树叶在落,因为秋天已经到来了。The shops were closed,so I didnt get any milk.商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单5.when也可用作并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:sb.was doing sth.when.;sb.was about to do/going to do/on the p

10、oint of doing sth.when.;sb.had just done sth.when.。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身,突然下起了雨。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.我刚写完作业,Tom就来找我了。49_专题九并列连

11、词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单6.表示并列关系的并列连词还有both.and.,not.but.,either.or.,nei-ther.nor.,not only.but also.等。He spoke with both kindness and understanding.他说话既亲切又明事理。The point is not who said the words,but whether they are true or not.关键不是谁说了这些话而是这些话是不是真的。Either you are mad or I am mad.不是你疯了就是我疯了。栏目索

12、引考点清单Neither Tom nor Helen is hard-working.汤姆和海伦都不勤奋。Not only men but also women were chosen.选中的不仅有男性还有女性。栏目索引考点清单考点二状语从句考点二状语从句一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句单句填空单句填空语境运用语境运用1.If you dont understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people until/till you figure it out.栏目索引考点清单答案答案until/till句意:如果你

13、不明白某件事情,你可以去调查、研究并与其他人探讨,直到你弄明白为止。设空处引导时间状语从句,表示“直到为止”,故用until/till。栏目索引考点清单答案答案As句意:随着人口平均年龄的增长,有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。考查状语从句。根据句意可知此处应用As引导状语从句。2.As the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.栏目索引考点清单3.We need to get to the root of the problem before we can s

14、olve it.答案答案before句意:在能够解决这个问题之前,我们需要找到它的根源所在。根据句意可知用before。栏目索引考点清单4.It was the middle of the nightwhen my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.答案答案when句意:半夜,我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我来看足球赛。根据语境可知,设空处引导一个时间状语从句,表示“当的时候”,故填when。栏目索引考点清单(一)when,while,as用法精讲用法精讲1.从属连词when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作;

15、可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生,也可用于从句动作先于主句动作发生。When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。栏目索引考点清单When the film ended,the people went back.电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是名词时,就可以用由as引导的省略结构来代替when引导的从句。As a young man(=When he was a young man),he was fond of

16、hunting.他年轻时喜欢打猎。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单2.从属连词while引导的动作是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时请别那么大声谈话。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单3.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译为“一边,一边”或“随着”。He hurried home,looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一边走一边回头

17、望。As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单4.如果主句表示的是短暂性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when,while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和

18、状语从句栏目索引考点清单(二)as soon as,immediately,directly,the moment,the minute,the instant和once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,常译为“一就”。The moment I heard the voice,I knew my father was coming.一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲快来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那个男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连

19、词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单注意:no sooner.than.;hardly/scarcely.when.也可表示“一就”,这一结构的时态搭配为:no sooner与hardly/scarcely所在的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,其所在的主句应用倒装语序。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单I hadhardlygothomewhenit began to rain.Hardlyhad I gothomewhenit beg

20、an to rain.我一到家天就下起雨来。We hadno soonerarrived atthe stationthan thetrain left.No soonerhad we arrived atthe stationthanthetrain left.,我们一到车站 火车就开走了。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单(三)till,until和not.until1.肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主句、从句都为肯定式,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。He remained there until/till she arrive

21、d.他在那儿一直待到她来。You may stay here until/till the rain stops.你可以在这里待到雨停。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单2.否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。He wont go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才会去睡觉。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单3.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。Until you told me I had no idea of

22、 it.直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单4.not until.句型的强调和倒装用法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首,主句要部分倒装)直到你告诉我,我才知道此事。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单(四)before和since1.若表达“还未就;不到就;才;还没来得及

23、就”时,需用连词before。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就感到累了。Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我还没来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。49_专题九并列连词和状语从句49_专题九并列连词和状语从句栏目索引考点清单2.before从句中谓语不用否定式。Before they reached the stati

24、on,the train had gone.他们到火车站前(他们还没到火车站),火车就已开走了。栏目索引考点清单3.“It will be/was+一段时间+before.”常翻译成:才;就。It was half a year before I came back.半年后我才回来。It wont be long before we meet again.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。栏目索引考点清单4.since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句中的时态常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。I have wri

25、tten home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿,我已经给家里写过四封信了。She has been working in this factory since she left school.她离开学校以后就一直在这个工厂工作。栏目索引考点清单5.在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型中,since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词,常理解为某一状态的终止;若是终止性动词,则理解为某一动作的开始。It is three years since the war broke out.(终止性动词)自战争爆发以来已有三年了。It is three

26、 years since I smoked(=since I stopped smoking).(延续性动词)我不吸烟已有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟已有三年了”,应为:It is three years since I began to smoke.(终止性动词)栏目索引考点清单(五)every time,each time,next time,the last time,any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当;每次;下次”等。Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境,他就会来帮

27、助我。Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.下次你来这里的时候,一定记着把你儿子带来。The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候,他正躺在床上。栏目索引考点清单二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句单句填空单句填空语境运用语境运用1.Located where the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.答案答案where句意:

28、位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处,江苏将对“一带一路”的建设贡献更多。本题考查地点状语从句。设空处引导地点状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,因此用where引导。栏目索引考点清单2.Where he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.答案答案Where句意:在他曾经想要放弃的地方,他现在有决心进一步推进并且坚持下去了。根据句意可知用Where。栏目索引考点清单引导地点状语从句的从属连词where,wherever指具体地点时,从句可用于主句之前或之后;表示抽

29、象条件的含义时,从句需放在主句之前。We should go where the Party needs us most.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。用法精讲用法精讲栏目索引考点清单Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。Where there is smoke,there is fire.无火不生烟。/无风不起浪。栏目索引考点清单三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句单句填空单句填空语境运用语境运用1.I really enjoy listening

30、to music because/as it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.栏目索引考点清单答案答案because/as句意:我真的很喜欢听音乐,因为它帮我放松并使我不操心一天中的其他事。本题考查原因状语从句。空格前后为因果关系,故答案为because或as。栏目索引考点清单2.Mark needs to learn Chinese as/because his company is opening a branch in Beijing.答案答案as/because句意:马克需要学习汉语,因

31、为他的公司正准备在北京开一家分公司。考查原因状语从句,所以填as/because。栏目索引考点清单3.However,most scientists regard it as nothing more than a legend only because there is a lack of concrete evidence.答案答案because句意:然而,由于缺乏确凿的证据,大多数科学家认为那只是一种传说。设空处填从属连词because,引导原因状语从句。栏目索引考点清单1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now that,每个连词的含义不尽相同。用法精讲

32、用法精讲区别连词位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because(因为)主句前或后直接因果关系强能能as(由于)主句前或后双方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/now that(既然)主句前栏目索引考点清单如:I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.因为我病了,所以我开会缺席了。As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在,我们开始开会吧。栏

33、目索引考点清单2.此外,when也可以表示原因,相当于since或considering that 既然;考虑到。如:It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five min-utes.既然你步行5分钟能到那里,却坐出租车,真够愚蠢的。栏目索引考点清单四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句单句填空单句填空1.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so that she could stay home and raise her family.语境运用语境运用

34、答案答案so句意:当Cathy的儿子出生时,她辞去了自己的工作,以便养家。根据句意及句子结构可知,born之后是目的状语从句。故空格处填so(so that为了)。栏目索引考点清单2.The police officers in our city work hard in order that the rest of us can live a safe life.答案答案that句意:为了让我们大家过上平安的生活,我市的警官工作非常努力。在题干中,hard之后为目的状语从句,结合语境可知,that符合题意(in order that为了)。栏目索引考点清单引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:so

35、that,in order that,for fear(that),in case,lest等。用法精讲用法精讲1.in order that与so that两个连词都意为“以便;为了”,它们引导的状语从句中常有情态动词。in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如:Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会慢慢说,以便你能懂。栏目索引考点清单In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for th

36、e peak early.为了能看到日出,我们很早就出发去了山顶。2.for fear(that),in case与lest引导目的状语从句时,for fear(that)表示“害怕,担心”某事会发生;in case(that)表示“以防(万一)”出现某种情况;lest意为“以防”。如:Mary didnt want to get out of bed,for fear that she might wake her baby(up).玛丽不想起床,担心吵醒她的宝宝。Take your raincoat,in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣吧,以防下雨。栏目索引考点

37、清单五、结果状语从句五、结果状语从句单句填空单句填空语境运用语境运用1.Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.答案答案so句意:Pahlsson尖叫地如此大声,以至于她的女儿从房子里跑了出来。根据空后的that和语境可知,此处是so.that引导的结果状语从句,故空格处填so。栏目索引考点清单2.His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it.答案答案that根据句式“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+t

38、hat+其他”可知,that符合题意。栏目索引考点清单1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that,so.that.,such.that.。在非正式语体中,由so.that.,such.that.引导的从句中的that可以省略,注意其结构:so/thatsoa/anthatsomany/much/few/little()that形容词 副词从句形容词可数名词单数形式从句少名词从句sucha/anthatsuch/that形容词可数名词单数形式从句形容词可数名词复数形式 不可数名词从句用法精讲用法精讲栏目索引考点清单Mike is such an honest worker that we

39、all believe in him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都信任他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱,以至于养不起家。栏目索引考点清单注意:(1)为了强调形容词和副词,当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。S

40、o clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.他是如此聪明的一个学生,以至于能够解出所有难题。(2)当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可简化为:so/such.as to.。栏目索引考点清单He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.He was so clever a student as to be able to wor

41、k out all the difficult ques-tions.栏目索引考点清单2.such.that.引导的状语从句与such.as.引导的定语从句的区别。首先观察两个句子:He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.他是一个如此聪明的孩子,以至于人人都喜欢他。第个句子中everyone likes成分残缺,缺少宾语,故可判断该句为定语从句;第句中everyone likes him结构完整,不缺任何成分,故可判断为状语从

42、句。栏目索引考点清单六、条件状语从句六、条件状语从句单句填空单句填空1.Once/If the damage is done,it will take many years for the farmland to recover.语境运用语境运用答案答案Once/If句意:一旦/如果遭到破坏,要花费很多年的时间才能使农田恢复。根据句意可知用 Once/If。栏目索引考点清单2.It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.答案答案unless句意:天太冷了,你不能出去,除非你被厚厚的衣服

43、包裹得严严实实。根据句意可知用 unless。此处unless fully covered=unless you are fully covered。栏目索引考点清单3.If we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized,we are not really learning the language.答案答案If句意:如果我们对仅仅记住几条规则就感到满意的话,那我们就不是真的在学习这门语言。根据语境此处应该是考查条件状语从句,所以要用if 引导。栏目索引考点清单引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if,unless(=if.not如

44、果不;除非),so/as long as(只要),in case(万一),on condition that(条件是),suppose/suppos-ing(假设,如果),provided/providing that(如果)等。如:Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(=if you dont study hard).除非用法精讲用法精讲栏目索引考点清单你努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要不灰心,你就会成功。Suppose/Supposing(that

45、)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还能求助于谁?In case there is a fire,what will we do first?万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么?栏目索引考点清单七、方式状语从句七、方式状语从句单句填空单句填空Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a sin-gle sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.答案答案as句意:正如一个词可以改变一个句子的

46、意思一样,一个句子可以改变一个段落的意思。根据句意可知用as。语境运用语境运用栏目索引考点清单引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as,as if,as though等。方式状语从句一般位于句尾,有时位于句中。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。Do as you are told,or youll be fired.叫你做什么你就做什么,否则你会被解雇。用法精讲用法精讲栏目索引考点清单The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.(虚拟语气)这位老太太对待这个男

47、孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。I feel as if I have a fever.(陈述语气)我感觉我好像发烧了。栏目索引考点清单八、让步状语从句八、让步状语从句单句填空单句填空1.Wherever youre from,you can come to dance,dine,and take part in outdoor and indoor concerts.语境运用语境运用答案答案Wherever句意:无论你来自哪里,你可以来跳舞、用餐以及参加户外、户内的音乐会。根据上下文逻辑可知设空处引导让步状语从句,意为:无论什么地方,故填Wherever。栏目索引考点清单1.although/t

48、hough(尽管,虽然)引导的让步状语从句although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或never-theless连用,但不能和but连用。如:He is unhappy,though/although he has a lot of money.虽然他很有钱,但他并不幸福。Although/Though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大,但他们还是继续踢足球。用法精讲用法精讲栏目索引考点清单注意:though还可用作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。如:He sa

49、id he would come;he didnt,though.他说他会来,可是没有来。栏目索引考点清单2.even if/even though(即使)引导的让步状语从句这两个短语表示语气更强的让步,even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步,even if则强调对“假设”的让步。Even though it is raining,well go there.(陈述语气)尽管下着雨,我们也要去那里。Even if I were busy,I would go.(虚拟语气)即使忙,我也要去。栏目索引考点清单3.whether.or.(不管还是);疑问词+-ever与no matter+

50、疑问词(不管;无论)引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not,it is true.不管你相信与否,那都是真的。Whatever(=No matter what)you say,he wont believe you.无论你说什么,他都不会相信你说的话。Whoever you are(=No matter who you are),you must obey the rules.无论你是谁,你都要遵守规则。栏目索引考点清单注意:whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如:You can take whate