2018年杭州师范大学考研专业课试题243二外英语.doc

1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸杭 州 师 范 大 学 2018 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码： 243 考试科目名称： 二外英语 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (210=20 points)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the

2、 Answer Sheet.For questions 1 - 7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8 - 10, complete the sente

3、nces with the information given in the passage.AirplaneAirplane InstrumentsModern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges(量表) and electronic aids to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and warning lights. One of the most importa

4、nt instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high the plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the planes speed. The artificial horizon shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much, if at all, the plane is turning

5、and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know which way the plane is heading if it werent for this instrument. A gyrocompass(旋转罗盘)and various radio devices are necessary for navigation.Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It w

6、ill fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperature

7、s, cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.Airplane ConstructionEarly airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by

8、wire. After World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted(固定住) into place over metal ribs. Strong epoxy(环氧的) glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they became

9、heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this trouble. Defective par

10、ts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight. This approach helps save a lot of money. It also h

11、elps to make airplanes safe.AirportAn airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thous

12、ands of passengers and their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres. Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high

13、 above the ground. Air traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and landings.Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departmen

14、ts, fuel storage tanks, and repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7,200 hectares (18,000 acres). Its five termi

15、nals can handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. OHare International Airport, in Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares (50 to

16、 100 acres). They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be just a small room in a building at ground level.RunwaysEarly planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways became necessary when airplanes became heavier

17、 and faster. Todays big jet planes weigh hundreds of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph (100 mph). When they land, the runways take a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt(沥青). They must have solid foundations and a surface that prevents skidding.Airplanes take off

18、into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and land.Heavily loaded pas

19、senger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground. Runways at some large airports are longer than 3,000 m (10,000 ft).At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pi

20、lots land safely.Control TowersPeople who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot t

21、he plane down the runway.Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach (GCA). When the airplane gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use

22、Precision Approach Radar (PAR). This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4 km (0.25mi) of the runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is the Instrument Landing System (ILS). In this system, radio transmitters located near

23、 the runway send guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic “microwave” landing systems (MLS) that can land the plane fully automatically.Terminal BuildingsTerminal buildings vary in si

24、ze and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long, covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded. At some airports, buses are used to

25、 transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are brought into the country. Passport officials

26、 check the passports of passengers for personal identification.Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane. Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also

27、 examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the safety of the passengers.1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are abl

28、e to communicate with ground controllers.4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth.6. The runways should be long and sol

29、id enough for the heavily loaded jets.7. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanes far away from the airport.8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with _.9. After getting off the plane, every passenger ar

30、riving from another country must pass through _.10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal is detected, the detector triggers _.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (130=30 points)Directions: Choose the best answer you think fit to fill in the gaps of each se

31、ntence with the items given. Please write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before. A) reveal C) rewrite B) revise D) reverse 12. Hes watching TV? Hes _ to be cleaning his room. A) known C) supposed B) regarded D) conside

32、red 13. The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own. A) adapt C) bring B) receive D) adopt 14. The newspaper did not mention the _ of the damage caused by the fire. A) range C) level B) extent D) quantity 15. The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attack

33、ed. A) scolded C) charged B) accused D) punished 16. It is useful to be able to predict the extent _ which a price change will affect supply and demand. A) from C) with B) to D) for 17. Finding a job in such a big company has always been _ his wildest dreams. A) under C) over B) above D) beyond 18.

34、You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A) the instantC) for an instant B) on the instant D) in an instant 19. The manager lost his _ just because his secretary was ten minutes late. A) mood C) temper B) mind D) passion 20. Features such as height, weight, and skin color

35、_ from individual to individual and from face to face. A) change C) vary B) alter D) convert 21. When she nodded, a look of great relief _ his face. A)spread into C)spread through B) spread over D)spread apart 22. One day the mind will be described fully both . A)on biological and mental terms C) on

36、 biological and mental term B) in biological and mental term D) in biological and mental terms 23. There is evidence that some kinds of cancers are linked with chemicals _ food. A) added to C) added in B) adding to D) adding in 24. Important developments in milk processing and the development of new

37、 products mean that dairy foods will be more easily stored, transported, and _ to people the world over. A) made ready C)making ready B) making available D) made available 25. On one _ occasion a fire broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. A)remembering C)memorable B)forgett

38、able D) memory26. The coach _ the player on the back and said a few encouraging words. A)hit C)beat B)patted D)blew 27. Studies show that a solid night of sleep improves moods in healthy individuals, but its effects on healthy and depressed people are as different as _. A) night and day C) broad day

39、light B) overnight D) day in, day out 28. The dogs place in society as a companion and as protection against criminals makes the dog as food. A) impossible C) taboo B) inadequate D)appropriate 29. The Chinese feel they must see a guest off to down a flight of stairs to the street below or perhaps al

40、l the way to the nearest bus stop. A) the far feasible point C)the farthest feasible point B) the further feasible point D) the farthest point feasible 30. Money may not be the root of all evil, but if it keeps us up at night, it has become in our lives. A) very important C) very unimportant B) way

41、too unimportant D) way too important 31. It is believed that young people buy products impulsively and are _than the market as a whole. A) less rational C) more sensible B) less irrational D) more sensitive 32. To truly live is to _ your liberties and decide what you intend to do with the short span

42、 of years that you are given. A) be in the charge of C) take the charge of B) be in charge with D) take charge of 33. Tim continued to run, _ our shouts to him that he should return. A) judging from C) in addition to B) regardless of D) except from 34. Passengers are kindly _ not to smoke at the buf

43、fet counter. A) requested C) confirmed B) demanded D)suggested 35. During his lifetime, Thomas Edison patented 1093 inventions. Had he stored his money, he would have died _ . A) a penniless inventor C) a penniless man B) a great inventor D) a wealthy man 36. Some people believe that dreams are tota

44、l nonsense, merely the result of misfiring of in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams. A) electronic impulses C) electronic shocks B) electrical impulses D) electrical shocks37. _, I gained even more weight when I stopped eating chocolate. A) Paradoxically C) Ironica