动词不定式讲解.课件.ppt

1、非谓语动词系列非谓语动词系列用法归纳用法归纳概概 说说动词不定式动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于动词不定式属于非谓语动词非谓语动词的一种形式，的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆 动词不定式的主要用法动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式在句子中不能一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立独立充当谓语充当谓语,没有没有人

2、称人称和和数数的变化。的变化。二、动词不定式是由二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成构成(有时可以不带有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的。动词不定式的否定形式是否定形式是“not+动词不定式动词不定式”(此时此时not不能再与助动词连用不能再与助动词连用)。动词不定式基本用法口诀动词不定式基本用法口诀不定式有标记，不定式有标记，to与动原连一起。与动原连一起。没有人称数变化，没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。动词特点它具备。主宾定状表状语，主宾定状表状语，惟独作谓不可以。惟独作谓不可以。not加上不定式，加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式，疑问词与不定式，构成短

3、语有意义。构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考，仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据准确判断有依据。三、动词不定式短语具有三、动词不定式短语具有名词、名词、形容词和副词形容词和副词等的功能等的功能,可在句中可在句中用做多种句子成分。用做多种句子成分。名词名词：主语主语 宾语宾语 形容词形容词：表语表语 定语定语 副词副词：状语状语 宾补宾补 谚语谚语 要记住To say is one thing and to do is another.It is better to give than to receiveTo work hard is the key to success.To see is to b

4、elieve（主语）（主语）（表语）（表语）不定式作主语用法歌诀不定式作主语用法歌诀 不定式，作主语；不定式，作主语；行为多是指具体；行为多是指具体；结构常用主系表；结构常用主系表；形式主语形式主语 “it”替；替；若问真主在哪里；若问真主在哪里；带带to不定式往后去不定式往后去。(1)(1)作主语作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用动词不定式作主语时，常用itit作形式主语，而将真作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末正的主语放在句末，ItItbebe形容词形容词(for(forofof sb.)sb.)动词不定式。动词不定式。Its important(for us)to protect the I

5、ts important(for us)to protect the environment.environment.(对我们来说对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。保护环境是很重要的。注：当在注：当在描述描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如：，如：good(好的好的)，kind(友善的友善的)，nice(友好的友好的)，polite(有礼貌的有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的懒惰的)，careful(细心细心的的)，careless(粗心的粗心的)，right(正确的正确的)，wrong(错误的错误的)等等词后，词后

6、，不用不用forfor而用而用ofof。Its very kind Its very kind ofof_ _youyou_ _toto_ _helphelp_ _meme.你帮助我真是太好啦。你帮助我真是太好啦。若描述做若描述做某事性质的形容词某事性质的形容词：如：如important(重要的重要的)，necessary(必要的必要的)，difficult(困难的困难的)，easy(容易的容易的)，hard(艰难的艰难的)，dangerous(危险的危险的)，safe(安全的安全的)，useful(有益的有益的)，pleasant(舒适的舒适的)，interesting(有趣的有趣的)，im

7、possible(不可能的不可能的)等。等。Itsadj.forsb不定式不定式”表示表示“做某事对某人来说做某事对某人来说”你可以用这个句型来验证你可以用这个句型来验证sb +be +adj 句式。看这个句子的意思是不是成立，要是成立，就用of 。要是不成立则用for.youyou_are kind _are kind 这个句子成立，所以用这个句子成立，所以用of of We are important 这个句子不成立，则用for 动动 词词 不定式作宾不定式作宾 语语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：例：would you like to see my p

8、hotos?Kevin planned to visit his uncle 类似类似用法的词还有用法的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide,agree,love,like,hate,prefer等。等。巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：巧记动词不定式作宾语歌诀：想要拒绝莫忘记想要拒绝莫忘记 （want,refuse,forget）需要努力就学习需要努力就学习 （need,try,learn）喜欢帮助加同意喜欢帮助加同意（like help agree）希望决定后开始希望决定后开始 （hope,decide,begin,start）点击规律点击规律：在在find

9、 feel think consider+it+adj+to do sth句型中，句型中，it是形式宾语是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。I found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式宾语为形式宾语)如：如：The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text点击规律：点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词还可以接动名词,意意思区别不大。思区别不大。提示板：

10、提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的指一次性的动作。动作。I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。但我现在不想游。beginstart to do sth beginstart doing sth love hate to do sth love hate doing sth 后面只接动名词做宾的动词后面只接动名词做宾的动词实践完成听建议实践完成听建议practice finish suggest 习惯继续别放弃习惯继续别放弃be used to Keep

11、on give up 喜欢思念忙介意喜欢思念忙介意enjoy miss be busy mind 不禁考虑会想你不禁考虑会想你Cant help consider feel like 2)思考思考:巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词意思有较大的区别？意思有较大的区别？记住要努力记住要努力，（，（remember want try)需要别忘记需要别忘记；(need forget)后悔没尽力后悔没尽力，(regret try )意思要停止意思要停止。(mean require stop)返回1.remember to do sth 记住要做某事记住要做某事 You must

12、remember to lock the door when you leave 2.remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事记得曾做过某事 I remember locking the front door 3.forget to do sth 忘记要做某事忘记要做某事 He forgot to do his homework yesterday 4.forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事忘记曾做过某事 I forgot saying this thing to you 5.try to do sth 努力做某事努力做某事 He tries to answer each

13、 question 6.try doing sth 试着做某事试着做某事 I tried singing an English song 7.mean to do sth 打算做某事打算做某事We mean to travel abroad next year 我们明年打算去国外旅行8.mean doing sth 意味着意味着It means waiting for him another hour 这意味着要再等一个小时这意味着要再等一个小时9.stop to do sth 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事Stop to have a rest if you are tired 10.stop

14、 doing sth 停止做某事停止做某事Although it rained heavily,the farmers didnt stop working in the field 虽然雨下虽然雨下得很大，农民们却没有停止在田间劳动得很大，农民们却没有停止在田间劳动11.regret to do sth 对现在发生的事表示对现在发生的事表示“遗憾遗憾”We regret to inform you that you owe the bank$100我们很遗憾地通知你，你欠银行我们很遗憾地通知你，你欠银行100美元美元12.regret doing sth 对发生过的事表示对发生过的事表示“后

15、悔后悔”He regretted playing computer games.他后悔玩电脑游戏他后悔玩电脑游戏13.want to do sth 想要做某事想要做某事He wants to be a singer 14.want doing 需要；该需要；该The tea table wants washing 茶几需要清洗了茶几需要清洗了15.need require to do sth 需要做某事需要做某事We need require to do a lot of work 16.need require doing sth 主动表被动主动表被动The blackboard needs

16、requires cleaning黑板需要擦了黑板需要擦了17.go on to do sth做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事 18.go on doing sth继续做原来所做的同一件事继续做原来所做的同一件事表表 语语放在连系动词放在连系动词be后面后面 例例:His wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the environment.The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。当务之急是抢

17、救战士们的生命。点击规律点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常通常对连系动词前面的对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明名词进行诠释说明。返回定定 语语动词不定式做动词不定式做定语定语放在所修饰的放在所修饰的名词名词、代、代词词的后面。的后面。例例:He is the first person to sail around the world.I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作动词不定式若在句中作定语定语,常放常放

18、在被修饰的在被修饰的名词、代词之后名词、代词之后。返回 不定式作定语时不定式作定语时，应放在，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他而且放在其他后置定语之后后置定语之后。不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：(1)动宾动宾关系关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓主谓关系关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。(3)同位同位关系关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有

19、上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。切记切记:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成成动宾动宾关系关系,且动词是且动词是不及物不及物动词动词,是是不定式不定式动作的动作的地点、工具地点、工具等，等，切记不要忘掉后面的切记不要忘掉后面的介介词词。如：。如：I have a small bedroom to live in Have you got some pens to write with？注：注：不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上介词习惯上要省去要省去。He had no money

20、 and no place to live.他没钱没地方住他没钱没地方住作作 状状 语语 a.目的状语目的状语:放在放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面等词后面.如：如：I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought the photos of their families for me to look at 返回不定式作状语用法歌诀不定式作状语用法歌诀不定式，来作状，不定式，来作状，目的结果两最忙，目的结果两最忙，原因虽有却少见，原因虽有却少见，形表这后表方面。形表这

21、后表方面。这些短语中的不定式都是做状语这些短语中的不定式都是做状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,b.原因状语原因状语:放在放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。等词后面。(有些资料上把这有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价心理、情感、评价等的形容词后等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明对其进行补充说明,作形作形容词补足语容词补足语）如：）如：I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you c.作

22、结果状语作结果状语。如。如:Some of the apples are hard to reach（结果）（结果）The room is large enough to hold 1000 people（结果）（结果）I went to the office to ask a question（表目的）（表目的）宾语补足语宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语在多数复合宾语及物动词及物动词后要带后要带to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常等词后面常接不定式作宾补。接不定式作宾补。例例:I asked a fr

23、iend to read it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write 返回(2)在表示在表示感觉、致使感觉、致使等意义的动词等意义的动词如：如：动词不定式作宾补，十个半动词动词不定式作宾补，十个半动词省略省略to 一感、二听、三让、四看、半帮助一感、二听、三让、四看、半帮助 The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 一感一感、二听二听、三让三让、四看四看、半帮助

24、半帮助一感一感：feel 二听二听：hear listen to 三让：三让：let make have四看：四看：see watch notice look at 半帮助：半帮助：help 提示板提示板:若变成若变成被动语态被动语态,在上述结构中在上述结构中,不不定式符号定式符号to要要加上加上。动词动词不定式不定式象妖怪，象妖怪，to来来to去叫人猜去叫人猜主动语态主动语态 to 离开离开，被动语态被动语态to 回来。回来。如如:They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the nex

25、t room 巧记巧记help 的用法歌诀的用法歌诀不定式，做宾补，想带 to,要看动。主不亲动可带to,主要亲动to可送。当help的动词不是不是主语亲自动手亲自动手的，可带to；当help的动词是是主语亲自动手的，可不带to；The teacher helps me to prepare for the examWill you help me mend my bike 巧记巧记help的用法歌的用法歌 不定式，作宾补，带不定式，作宾补，带to否，要看主。否，要看主。“主主”不不亲动亲动可带可带“to”，“主主”要亲动要亲动可略可略“to”Help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事

26、帮助某人做某事 （主语不亲自动手（主语不亲自动手）The teacher help me to prepare for the exam Help help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 （主语亲自动手）（主语亲自动手）Will you help me mend my bike Help sb with sth 帮助某人某事帮助某人某事 He helps me with my English every day“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”用法用法 不定式前可带不定式前可带what，who，whose,，which，where,when,how,等疑问词等疑问词,这种不这种不

27、定式短语定式短语相当于名词，相当于名词，在句中作在句中作宾语、宾语宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、主语等。等。例例:He didnt tell me where to go.(直宾直宾)I dont know what to say now.(宾语宾语)I dont know what to do next.(宾语宾语）He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语宾语补足语)返回Its still a question how to get there(主语主语)在初中阶段还涉及到在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动不定式被动语态一般语态一般式式(to be+过

28、去分词过去分词)”例例:There are twenty more trees to be planted.注意：在与注意：在与why连用时，只用于连用时，只用于why或或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式动词不定式不带不带to。Why not have a rest?固定句型固定句型 (it to do)1.是干是干的时候了的时候了 Its time for sb to do sth =Its time for sb for sth Its time for us to have lunch =its time for us for lunc

29、h 2.花某人时间干某事花某人时间干某事 It takes(took)sb time to do sth It takes him an hour to do homework every day.It will take us half a day to get there tomorrow.3.做做.怎么样怎么样?It is+adj+to do sth It is important for us to study English well.sb find(found)it+adj+to do sth We found it important to study English well.

30、4.Why(not)do sth.?5.prefer to do/prefer doing6.prefer+n./doing A+to+n./doing B7.prefer+to do A rather than (to)do B8.would rather(not)do sth.9.had better/had best+(not)do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事10.would rather do A than(do)B11.would rather+句子（句子（过去式过去式）（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）要做要做现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语 F

31、eel sb do sth 感到某人做了某事感到某人做了某事 I feel him listen to tape feel Feel sb doing sth 感到某人正在做某事感到某人正在做某事 I feel him sleeping in class Hear sb do sth 听到某人做了某事听到某人做了某事 I hear your brother sing in the next room hear Hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事听到某人正在做某事 I hear your brother singing in the next room Listen to s

32、b do sth 听到某人做了某事听到某人做了某事 I listened to you sing last night listen to Listen to sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事听到某人正在做某事 I listened you singing at this time yesterday.Look sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 I often look him play basketball in the afternoon.Look Look sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 I looked hin playing football at th

33、is time yesterday.See sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 I often see him play basketball in the afternoon.See See sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 I saw hin playing football at this time yesterday.Watch sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 she often watches him play computer gamesWatch Watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 I watched him playing games

34、in class Notice sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 Notice Notice sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别我们常见的动词如：我们常见的动词如：seesee，watchwatch，noticenotice，hearhear，feelfeel，havehave等，等，它们接不带它们接不带toto的不定式作宾补，的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了表示已经完成了的或的或经常性的动作经常性的动作；接接现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补，表示动作，表示动作正在进行正在进行着。着。I heard him

35、singing in the classroom.I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“(“唱唱”这个动作正在进行这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“(“唱唱”这个动作已这个动作已结束结束)现在分词现在分词与与过去分词过去分词的区别。的区别。在语态上，在语态上，现在分词现在分词表示表示主动意义主动意义，过去分词过去分词表示表示被动被动意义。

36、意义。the the surprisingsurprising news news令人惊讶的消息令人惊讶的消息a a surprised surprised man man 一个受惊吓的人一个受惊吓的人在时间上，在时间上，现在分词现在分词表示正在进行的动作，表示正在进行的动作，过去分词过去分词表表示已经完成的动作。示已经完成的动作。the the developingdeveloping country country 发展中国家发展中国家the the developed developed countrycountry发达国家发达国家Have的用法歌的用法歌 Have 用作使役动，后跟宾补

37、有三种。用作使役动，后跟宾补有三种。若叫别人做某事，若叫别人做某事，have sth done记心中，记心中，Done为过分表被动，为过分表被动，get,have 两相同，两相同，听任、保持用听任、保持用doing,现在进行又主动，现在进行又主动，如让某人做某事，如让某人做某事，have sb do 可使用，可使用，不定式不定式do把把to 省，省，let,make,have孪弟兄。易混句式易混句式have sb.have sb.dodo sth.have sb.sth.have sb.doingdoing sth.sth.和和have have sth.sth.done done 的区别。的

38、区别。have sb.have sb.dodo sth.sth.意为意为“让某人做某事让某人做某事”，havehave可以可以用用letlet，makemake代替。代替。不定式不定式往往表示往往表示一次性的具体动作一次性的具体动作，且强调动作且强调动作已经完成已经完成或或尚未发生尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy The soldiers had the boy standstand with his back to with his back to his father.his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。hav

39、e sb.have sb.doingdoing sth.sth.意为意为“让某人做某事让某人做某事”，havehave可以用可以用keepkeep代替代替，现在分词，现在分词(doing)(doing)这个动作往往具有这个动作往往具有持续进行持续进行的含义。的含义。听任或听任或保持某人保持某人（某物）做某事（某物）做某事”,doing为现在分词作宾为现在分词作宾补，有补，有“主动进行主动进行”之意，之意，have的的宾语宾语可以是可以是人人，也，也可以是可以是物物，它是，它是现在分词现在分词所表示的动作的所表示的动作的执行者执行者，The two men had the boy running

40、 all night long.The two men had the boy running all night long.那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。have sth.have sth.done done 意为意为“让某人做某事让某人做某事”相当于相当于 ask sb.else to do sthask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词过去分词(done)(done)这个动作这个动作由他人由他人(即即非主语本身非主语本身)来完成，含有来完成，含有被动被动意义意义且且强调动作强调动作已经完成已经完成。表示表示“请、让、使）别人做某事请、让、使）别人做

41、某事”；done为过去分词作为过去分词作宾补，宾补，表被动，其表被动，其执行者执行者是其它人，并非句子的主语，是其它人，并非句子的主语，have 的的宾语宾语一般是一般是物，物，它是过去分词所表示动作的它是过去分词所表示动作的承受者承受者，The driver had his car washed once a week.The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。根据句意根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。式填空。1.Its time for us _(have)supp

42、er 2.Would you like _(go)shopping with me？3.It took us half an hour _(work)out the problem to go 主语主语to go 宾语宾语to work 主语主语4.He is old enough _(join)the army 5.I feel strange _(have)a twin sister 6.I am very glad _(meet)you here7They prefer _(stay)at home rather than go outto join 结果状语结果状语to have 形容

43、词补足语形容词补足语(原原)to meet 形容词补足语形容词补足语(原原)to stay 宾语宾语8.We saw them_(come)into the room just now 9.What he said made me_(feel)sorry 10.I am sorryI forgot_(tell)you the news 11.His plan is _(spend)a few days in the mountains come 宾补宾补 feel 宾补宾补to tell 宾语宾语to spend 表语表语12.Have you got anything _(say)?13.H

44、ave you decided which one _(choose)?14.Do you know when_(start)？15.He is too weak _(carry)the big stone to say 定语定语to choose 定语定语to start 不定式短语作宾语不定式短语作宾语to carry 结果状语结果状语1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The Arctic is consider

45、ed _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to be D.being3.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off4.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.school to study in B.school for children

46、 to studyC.studying school D.school to study5.We find it impossible for us _ the work.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished6._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made7.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B.begging

47、C.begged D.to beg8.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read非谓语动词非谓语动词(训练时间：训练时间：50分钟分值：分钟分值：50分分)一、单项选择一、单项选择(42(42分分)1 1We can We can make make a fire _the room warm a fire _the room warm so that we can chat for a while.so that we can chat for a w

48、hile.A Ato keep Bto keep Bkeeping Ckeeping Ckeep Dkeep Dkeptkept【解析解析】由句意由句意“我们可以生火让房间暖和起来，我们可以生火让房间暖和起来，以便我们能闲聊一会儿以便我们能闲聊一会儿”知此处应为动词不定式作目知此处应为动词不定式作目的状语，故选的状语，故选A A。【答案答案】A A2 2Try to sing more English songsTry to sing more English songs，and you and you will will findfind it interesting _a foreign

49、it interesting _a foreign language.language.A Alearning Blearning Blearns learns C Clearn Dlearn Dto learnto learn【解析解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。本题考查动词不定式的用法。find itfind itadjadj.to do sth.“to do sth.“发现做某事怎么样发现做某事怎么样”是一种固定是一种固定句式，故选句式，故选D D。【答案答案】D D3 3We cant work out the physics We cant work out the physics

50、problem.Can you tell us _problem.Can you tell us _？A Ahow to do Bhow to do Bwhat to do itwhat to do itC Chow to do it Dhow to do it Dwhat should to dowhat should to do【解析解析】本题考查本题考查“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”的用法。的用法。句意为句意为“我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样做吗？做吗？”how to do sth.“how to do sth.“怎样做某事怎样做某事”，dod