2020届山西省大同市高三第一次联考英语试题（解析版）.docx

1、山西省大同市2020届高三年级第一次联合考试（市直）英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。ALast year marked the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I. There were events around the world in memory of those who died in the conflict. We have picked out three of them in

2、 European countries. Lets take a look.BelgiumIn a park, the famous Belgian artist Koen Vanmechelen had an exhibition called Coming World, Remember Me. The work consisted of 600,000 individual(个别的) clay sculptures, one for each person killed during the World War. In the center of the exhibition was a

3、 big egg made of clay, symbolizing a new world.UKIn a small town called Aldridge, almost 100 houses in one street were covered with 24,000 poppies and statues of soldiers. They stood for the men from the area who had been killed in the war. The flowers were chosen because of a poem written by the Ca

4、nadian doctor John McCrea in 1915. They made people think of fields of blood.FranceThe British artist Guy Denning arrived in La Feuille, a small town in the northwest of France, to stick life-size drawings of soldiers who never came back home. Armed with glue and a brush, Denning stuck his drawings

5、carefully on walls. Before long 112 men, mainly young adults, were brought back to mind, if not to life.1. What do we know about Coming World, Remember Me?A. Its the name of an exhibition.B. Its a film about World War I.C. Its a work standing for peace.D. Its a sculpture made of clay.2. Why were pop

6、pies chosen to symbolize the dead soldiers?A. The British people preferred them.B. They showed the cruelty of war.C. A Canadian doctor suggested them.D. The fields were filled with them.3. How was the end of World War I marked in France?A. A memorial to the dead soldiers was built.B. 112 wounded sol

7、diers in the war were helpedC. Drawings of some dead soldiers were put up.D. Young adults were encouraged to join the army.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。去年是第一次世界大战结束100周年。世界各地都举行了纪念战争死难者的活动。本文介绍了欧洲的三个国家的是如何进行纪念活动的。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Belgium部分的In a park, the famous Belgian artist Koen Vanmechelen had an e

8、xhibition called Coming World, Remember Me. 可知，Coming World, Remember Me 是一个展览的名字，故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据UK部分的The flowers were chosen because of a poem written by the Canadian doctor John McCrea in 1915. They made people think of fields of blood. 可知，罂粟花被选来象征死去的士兵是因为它们让人想到血泊，想到那些死去的战士，结合所给选项可推断出，它们展示了战争的残

9、酷。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据France部分的The British artist Guy Denning arrived in La Feuille, a small town in the northwest of France, to stick life-size drawings of soldiers who never came back home. 可知，在法国，他们是把死去的战士的画像张贴出来。故选C。BAlongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thri

10、ve. But its a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote: “The most intimate (亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays, for most people in the worlds wealthiest countries, food is a

11、hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable.Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and youll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession.And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media app

12、s without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging (夸耀), many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been s

13、uffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying.This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on

14、 low incomes are forced to use food banksEuropean organizations that hand out donated food to those who cant afford to pay for it themselves.So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, b

15、ut not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.4. According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?A. Air.B. Water.C. Food.D. Human beings.5. What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Delicious food.B. A person fond of food

16、.C. A social media app.D. A photo of delicious meals.6. Who can get help from food banks?A. Poor people in the UK.B. Poor people in Africa.C. Starving children in Kenya.D. People in the drought-stricken.7. Whats the best title for the text?A. Treat Food as a HobbyB. Time to Appreciate FoodC. Food Sh

17、ortage in Some CountriesD. How to Spend World Food Day【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，认为美食是理所当然的。但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。珍惜粮食，从我做起。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Mariette Dichristina所写的话“The most intimate(亲密的) relationship we will ever hav e is not with any

18、 fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food”可知，我们最亲密的关系不是人与人之间的关系，而是我们的身体和食物之间的关系。据此可知，Mariette Dichristina认为和我们关系最亲密的是食物。故选C。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中的第二句Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing

19、on our screen可知，这些人最喜欢在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片。结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks of themselves as a foodie”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“美食爱好者”。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的最后一句But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banksEuropean organizations that hand out donated food to those who cant afford to pay for it

20、 themselves可知，即使是在英国，低收入家庭也被迫要使用食物银行。该组织是一个向那些无钱购买食物的人捐赠食物的欧洲组织。据此可知，贫穷的英国人可以获得食物银行的帮助。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。据此可知，“到了感激食物的时候了”最能概括文章主旨，故选B。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题。设题时，常会考查生词或短语的词义判断题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的

21、位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题2要求猜测出foodie的含义，就是根据后句Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen可知，这些人最喜欢在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片。结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks of themselves as a foodie”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“

22、美食爱好者”。CTraditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the

23、 way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the studys authors wrote.Robots built for precise repetitive movements in a contro

24、lled environment dont do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they arent especially safe around humans, because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decade

25、s. Theyre taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible version

26、s of essential parts, such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology Center for Micro-BioRo

27、botics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”8. Whats the special feature of “Octobot”？A. Its soft.B. Its made of metal.C. Its very small.D. It looks like an octopus.9. Whats the disadvantage of traditional robots?A. Theyre har

28、d to control.B. Theyre too heavy to move.C. They cant predict conditions.D. They cant behave well all the time.10. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots _.A. silicone bodyB. complex componentsC. precise movementsD. flexible power source11. Whats the possible application of “Octobot”？A.

29、Medical research.B. Life rescue.C. Machine operation.D. House cleaning.【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B【解析】本文是一篇科普类说明文，文章主要介绍了章鱼机器人的优点和投入应用的可能性。【8题详解】细节理解题。从第一段 robots have been hard, made of metal，以及段尾has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus对比发现可知，Octobot机器人特点

30、是它很柔软。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。从第三段第一句Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. 及本段内容可知，传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行，此外，由于沉重的金属部件，传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害，据此可推断出，传统机器人的缺点是他们不能一直表现得很好。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。从倒数第二段，Even if engineer

31、s build a silicone (硅酮) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power. 可知，即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体，但是制作柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战，比如动力来源。据此可知，最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源，故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。从文章最后一段“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds

32、great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,”可知，尽管对软体机器人的开发和研究还处于早期阶段，但它适用于诸如搜索救援和探索等任务，故选B。DWhats small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you said bees or hummingbirds, you got it. You wouldnt be the first if you mixed the two up. Now a group

33、 of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals search for food. The idea is that anim

34、als use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located relative to others. It was “almost like an algorithm(算法)” for efficie

35、nt searching, said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.As the field of animal cognition(认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior

36、 in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bum

37、blebees are social; hummingbirds typically arent.But however they perceive(感知) or process information, they both experience similar information, Dr. Pritchard said. In day-to-day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bees-eye view than a birds-eye view. Like other birds

38、, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flowers original location. Dr. Pritchard is investiga

39、ting if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matching hovering, scanning snapshots of a place to its memory and using those as references later.12. What is the center of research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?A. Memory.B. Movement rules.C. Reward calculating.D. Information processing.13.

40、Which subjects research methods were adopted to study the learning ability of Hummingbirds?A. Math.B. Biology.C. Ecology.D. Psychology.14. How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like birds?A. By setting them free.B. By moving flowers.C. By matching view.D. By making maps.15. Which of

41、the following can be the best title for the text?A. Hummingbirds and BeesB. Hummingbirds in the LabC. New Trends in Studying BeesD. Thinking of Hummingbirds as Bees【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D【解析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。我们经常把蜂鸟和蜜蜂搞混，然而科学家发现研究蜜蜂的方法可以帮助他们研究蜂鸟的行为。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Researchers at the time focuse

42、d on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located relative to others.可知，当时的研究人员把注意力集中在运动规则上。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in th

43、e lab.可知，蜂鸟研究者采用心理学的研究方法来研究它们在实验室中学习的能力。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容及Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it

44、was and it will hover over the flowers original location.可以推断出研究者，是通过移动花而发现蜂鸟不像鸟。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文大意结合第一段中Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior,

45、 too.两句话可以确定最佳标题为“把蜂鸟看作蜜蜂”。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项中有两项为多 余选项。How to stay focused in classBeing relaxed during class is a bad habit， and it is also bad to your grade Focusing in class not only proves to teachers that you are a capable student but also shows that you have

46、 the ability to control yourself， which will be very important_16_ No matter how much you want to sit with your friends during the class， try your best to avoid them Talking with friends around you is not going to give you the focus in class This will get you into troubleLook at teacher and make eye

47、 contact Your teacher is not just standing up there talking_17_ Show the teacher that he or she has your full attention by looking them in the eye This person should have your full attention at all times during classTake notes By taking notes， youll be able to get into the lesson Write down key poin

48、ts as your teacher speaks And listen to the key phrases such as This is important This is the main idea This will be the test etc_18_ Get involved in class discussions This is a wonderful way to become a more focused， successful student When a teacher asks a question， offer to answer it_19_This shows the teacher that you are listening carefully during the classAsk a question_20_This really shows your teacher that you want to be better， and can recogni