中考英语构词法教学课件.ppt

1、(构词法构词法)学习目标学习目标:1、掌握三种构词法：合成法、派生法与转化法（重点）、掌握三种构词法：合成法、派生法与转化法（重点）3、能、能运用构词法扩大词汇量，完成相关练习（难点）运用构词法扩大词汇量，完成相关练习（难点）2、熟悉三种构词法的构词规则（重点）、熟悉三种构词法的构词规则（重点）warm up1.How long have you learnt English?2.What do you think of English?3.What is important in learning English?4.How do you recite more English vocabu

2、laries quickly?For more than 5 yearsIt is very easy or a little difficult for you Reading,speaking,reciting or listening are important week out basket sun mid black some my our weekend 名词名词+名词名词 outside 副词副词+名词名词basketball 名词名词+名词名词sunrise 名词名词+动词动词midnight(半夜）半夜）blackboard 形容词形容词+名词名词构词法之一：合成法构词法之一

3、：合成法定义：将两个及两个以上独立的单词合在一起构成新词定义：将两个及两个以上独立的单词合在一起构成新词的方法的方法。1.1.名词名词+名词名词2.2.副词副词+名词名词 3.3.名词名词+动词动词 4.4.形容词形容词+名词名词5.5.复合代词复合代词a.bookstoreb.greenhousec.downstairsd.outdoorse.anythingf.somebodyg.sunseth.fireman1.He takes her body back home and puts her in the _.2.Be careful you dont fall_3.Now that t

4、he weather is warmer,we can go_4.Look!that _ is beautiful in the west.Ive never seen one so red.构词法之一：合成法构词法之一：合成法定义：将两个及两个以上独立的单词合在一起构成新词定义：将两个及两个以上独立的单词合在一起构成新词的方法。的方法。downstairsoutdoorssunsetgreenhouse1.She is a 15-year-old girl now2.This is a man-made robot.3.What are long-nosed animals?4.Huang

5、Xiaoming is good-looking in their eyes.finding()two-hundred-dollar二百美元的二百美元的.thinking1.I love to sunbathe on the beach2.I had a holiday at the seaside last summer3.Its wonderful to live in a five-star hotel.4.I have booked a room beforehand晒日光浴晒日光浴海边海边五星级的五星级的事先事先C 3.Many young people like posting p

6、hotos of _(they)on Face book.It helps them get to know each other.4.Listen!_(某人）某人）is crying next to my room.5.My good friend，Becky，often_(download)music from the Internet n.负载负载themselvessomeonedownloads 1.Please remember to water your plants,they need plenty of water.2.Let me have a try.I will try

7、 to improve myself.3.I will book tickets flying to London to buy several important books.名词名词动词动词构词法之二：转化法构词法之二：转化法定义：一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变定义：一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的方法。的方法。词性：取决于该词词性：取决于该词在句子中的作用。在句子中的作用。转化法转化法构词构词法法主要方式主要方式例词例词转化转化法法(由一由一个词个词类转类转化为化为另一另一个词个词类类)名词名词动动词词book 书书预订预订hand 手手上交上交形容词形容词动

8、词动词clean 干净的干净的打扫打扫correct 正确的正确的改正改正形容词形容词名词名词American 美国的美国的美国人美国人European 欧洲的欧洲的欧洲人欧洲人动词动词名名词词cook烹调烹调厨师厨师judge判决判决法官法官 week out basket sun mid black some my our weekend 名词名词+名词名词 outside 副词副词+名词名词basketball 名词名词+名词名词sunrise 名词名词+动词动词midnight(半夜）半夜）blackboard 形容词形容词+名词名词构词法之一：合成法构词法之一：合成法定义：将两个及两

9、个以上独立的单词合在一起构成新词定义：将两个及两个以上独立的单词合在一起构成新词的方法的方法。()two-hundred-dollar二百美元的二百美元的.2.2.转化转化 :是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切之前的意义联系密切.water water n.n.水水 -water-water vt.vt.浇水浇水常见的转化形式：常见的转化形式：动词动词 -名词名词名词名词 -动词动词形容词形容词-动词动词动词动词-名词名词stop v.停止停止-n.车站车站watch v.观看观看-n.手表手表look

10、 v.看看-have a look n.看看 walk v.散步散步,走走-take a walk go for a walk/go for walks n.散步散步 love v.爱爱-your love n.爱爱 名词名词-动词动词 hand n.手手 -vt.上交上交seat n.座位座位 -vt.坐坐nurse n.护士护士 -vt.护理护理oil n.油油 -vt.上油上油time n.时间时间 -vt.定时，测时定时，测时show n.展示展示,秀秀-vt.表演表演,秀秀-形容词形容词-动词动词 open(adj.开着的开着的)open(v.开开)clean(adj.清洁的清洁的)

11、-clean(v.打扫打扫)slow(adj.慢的慢的)-slow(v.放慢放慢)词性：取决于该词在句子中的作用。词性：取决于该词在句子中的作用。名词名词:考虑单复不可数，考虑单复不可数，动词动词:考虑变单三，过去式，现在分词，考虑变单三，过去式，现在分词，不定式不定式to doto do。1.When turning on the TV,I saw a CCTV reporter_(cover)a big earthquake in Nepal.2.It is fine today,the boy_(exercise)happily with his friends in the park.

12、3.If you can_(correct)all the questions,you will get a gift from the host.4.I want _(paint)My bedrooms wall again.Id like to use blue.5.I saw some _(Germany)visiting places of interest in Beijing just now.cover v.采访，报导；覆盖采访，报导；覆盖 n.封皮；盖子；掩蔽物封皮；盖子；掩蔽物;借口借口covering exercise n.运动；练习；作业运动；练习；作业 v.运动，锻炼运

13、动，锻炼exercises correct adj.正确的正确的 v.改正；纠正改正；纠正correctpaint v.绘画；涂色于绘画；涂色于;化妆化妆 n.油漆；颜料，涂料；绘画作品；油漆；颜料，涂料；绘画作品；to paintGerman n.德国人；德语德国人；德语 adj.德国人的；德语的；德国的德国人的；德语的；德国的Germans做题总结做题总结:位置确定词性，名词考虑单复不可数，动词考虑位置确定词性，名词考虑单复不可数，动词考虑变单三，过去式，现在分词，不定式变单三，过去式，现在分词，不定式to do。Finishing by yourself1.-Her son _(drin

14、k)coke just now,but now he is _ milk.-Please bring me two_(drink).2.-Have you ever dreamed of_(walk)in the space?-I like to go for _ in the warm sunshine.我喜欢在温暖的阳光下散步。drink n.饮料，酒饮料，酒 v.喝（喝（drank drunk)walk n.散步散步 步行步行 v.散步，步行散步，步行drankdrinkingdrinkswalkingwalksWord formationCompounding 单词单词（单词单词（）s

15、portsman blackboard hard-workingDerivation前缀前缀+词根词根 词根词根+后缀后缀Conversionn-v v-adj v-nwatertaste n.味道v.品尝dry adj.干的 v.使变干2.2.派生派生 :是通过在词根上加是通过在词根上加前缀前缀或者或者构成一个新词。构成一个新词。happy-unhappydevelop-development前缀前缀:一般只引起一般只引起意思意思上的变化而不造成上的变化而不造成词类词类的变的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-错误的错误的+understand v.理解理解

16、 -misunderstand v.误解误解en+large adj.大的大的-enlarge v.扩扩大大后缀后缀:一般只引起一般只引起词性词性上的变化而不造成上的变化而不造成意思意思的变的变化。化。care v.照料照料 -careful adj.细心的细心的work v.工作工作 -worker n.工人工人常见的常见的前缀前缀(A)表示表示_的含义：的含义：-fair-unfair,happy-unhappy important-unimportant -agree-disagree,appear-disappear,like-dislike honest-dishonest,orde

17、r-disorder -polite-impolite,不礼貌的不礼貌的adj.possible-impossible(用在用在b,p,m b,p,m 开头的词前开头的词前)(B).(B).名词或者形容词变成名词或者形容词变成_词的前缀词的前缀:-courage-encourage鼓励鼓励,large-enlarge扩大扩大,rich-enrich使富裕使富裕否定否定/反义词反义词动动un-,dis-,im,un-,dis-,im,放在某些形容词放在某些形容词/名词名词/动词前面动词前面enundis im常见的常见的后缀后缀1.动词加后缀动词加后缀tion/ment/er/or/ing变成变

18、成_：-tioneducate教育教育v.-education,invite邀请邀请v.-invitation,predict预言预言v.-prediction 预言预言n.-ment develop发展发展v.-development,发展发展n.move移动移动v.-movement,disappoint使失望使失望v.-disappointment-er teacher,worker,runner,singer foreigner er 外国人外国人 n.n.-or visitor,inventor，actor男演员男演员n.-ing meet-meeting 会议会议n.shop-sh

19、opping 购物购物n.名词名词2.-ness加在某些形容词后变成加在某些形容词后变成_-ness dark（黑暗的（黑暗的adj.)darkness,happy-happiness,busy-business,carecareless（粗心的（粗心的adj.)-carelessness3.home-homeless(无家可归的无家可归的adj)carecareless(粗心的粗心的adj.)-less加在某些名词后加在某些名词后构成构成_名词名词词义相反的形容词词义相反的形容词4.名词名词/动词动词+-ful/y/ly变成变成_。care-careful,hope-hopeful,wind

20、-windyfriend-friendly,week-weekly每周的adj.success-successful成功的adj.5.形容词形容词+-ly变成变成_。sad-sadly,strong-stronglybusy-busily,clear-clearly清楚地adv.careful-carefully,happy-happily recent-recently 近来近来 adv.final-finally最后最后adv.形容词形容词副词副词6.名词变名词变_-al:traditional,international,nature-natural形容词形容词summaryunfair

21、 dislike impolite invitation development teacher actormeeting happiness homeless careful friendly windyrecently加前缀表加前缀表加后缀变成加后缀变成加后缀变成加后缀变成加后缀变成加后缀变成加后缀变成加后缀变成拓展：拓展：.缩写和简写缩写和简写 :缩写和简写缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取主要采取:“:“截截头头”,“去尾去尾”或者或者 “既截头又去尾既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词的方法生成新词.telephone-phone airplaneplanel

22、aboratory-lab mathematics-math advertisementadexamination-exam Identification-ID 另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compact disk)CCTV(China Central Television)NBA(National Basketball Association)UFO(unidentified flying object)UN(United Nations)USA(United States of America)根据括号内要求写出各单词的前后缀

23、形式。根据括号内要求写出各单词的前后缀形式。1.pollute _（名词）2.interest _（形容词）3.rain _（形容词）4.usual _（反义词）5.help _（形容词）6.happy _（副词）7.surprise _（形容词）8.polite _（反义词）9.happy_（名词）10.wonder _（形容词）11.final _（副词）12.agree _（反义词）13.travel _（表示人的名词）14.north _（形容词）15.careful_（副词）pollutioninteresting/interestedrainyunusualhelpful/help

24、lesshappilysurprising/surprised impolitehappinesswonderfulfinallydisagreetravelernortherncarefully小试牛刀小试牛刀用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1.He felt _(happy)because his mother was ill.2.His teacher is happy because he did his homework _(care).3.He is a very famous _.（act）4.Some _(foreign)came to visit our scho

25、ol last week.5.What a _(snow)day!The ground is covered with snow everywhere.6.What should we do to help the _(home)people after the earthquake?unhappy carefully actorforeigners homeless snowy_(recent),a handsome young man,NingZetao has been popular.After winning four gold medals at the _(17)Asian Ga

26、mes,Ning got the first place at the 2015 Swimming World Championships.Although Ning has become _(success)now,in fact,he wasnt _(health)when he was young.Born with a knee problem,he was held back at the stage of his _(develop).Instead of giving up swimming,Ning trained hard and _(final)he proved _(hi

27、m)to be one of the best _(swim)in Asia.Recentlyseventeenthsuccessfulhealthydevelopmentfinallyhimselfswimmers挑战高阶挑战高阶Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。1.情节是叙事性文学作品内容构成的要素之一,是叙事作品中表现人物之间相互关系的一系列生活事件的发展过程。2.它由一系列展示人物性格,反映人物与人物、人物与环境之间相互关系的具体事件构成。3.把握好故事情节,是欣赏小说的基础,也是整体感知小说的起点。命题者在为小说命题时,也必定以

28、情节为出发点,从整体上设置理解小说内容的试题。通常从情节梳理、情节作用两方面设题考查。4.根据结构来梳理。按照情节的开端、发展、高潮和结局来划分文章层次,进而梳理情节。5.根据场景来梳理。一般一个场景可以梳理为一个情节。小说中的场景就是不同时间人物活动的场所。6.根据线索来梳理。抓住线索是把握小说故事发展的关键。线索有单线和双线两种。双线一般分明线和暗线。高考考查的小说往往较简单,线索也一般是单线式。7.阅历之所以会对读书所得产生深浅有别的影响，原因在于阅读并非是对作品的简单再现，而是一个积极主动的再创造过程，人生的经历与生活的经验都会参与进来。8.少年时阅历不够丰富，洞察力、理解力有所欠缺，所以在读书时往往容易只看其中一点或几点，对书中蕴含的丰富意义难以全面把握。9.自信让我们充满激情。有了自信，我们才能怀着坚定的信心和希望，开始伟大而光荣的事业。自信的人有勇气交往与表达，有信心尝试与坚持，能够展现优势与才华，激发潜能与活力，获得更多的实践机会与创造可能。