2018年华南理工大学考研专业课试题626英语综合水平测试.pdf

1、626 华南理工大学 2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：英语综合水平测试 适用专业：外国语言文学 共 页 第 1 页 Part I.Vocabulary and Structure(30 points,1 point for each)Directions:After each statement there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Select the only one choice that best completes the statement.Write

2、 your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1.Ive never been there but it is,_,a lovely place.A.of no account B.by all accounts C.on no account D.on this account 2.The television networks believe that the period between 6 p.m.and 11 p.m.is the _ television viewing time A.prime B.primary C.primitive D.princip

3、al 3.You had better _ me about the reason for your dismissal.A.level off B.level at C.level with D.level up 4._ in her most beautiful skirt,the girl tried to make herself _ at the party.A.Dressed;noticed B.Dressing;noticed C.Dresses;noticing D.Dressing;noticing 5.He has made another wonderful discov

4、ery,_ of great importance to science.A.who I think it B.which I think it is C.that I think is D.which I think is 6.Only after the anesthetist gave the patient an anesthetic _.A.the operation could be conducted B.could the operation be conducted 第 2 页 C.could be conducted the operation D.the operatio

5、n conducted could be 7.The _ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A.implementation B.demonstration C.manifestation D.exposition 8._ the Internet is shortening the distance between people,it may also be breaking homes or wil

6、l cause other family problems.A.When B.While C.If D.As 9.It is believed that children of two or three years old are able to learn any language if they are _ it.A.involved in B.indulged in C.disposed to D.exposed to 10.Mr.Browns condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _.A.pull back

7、 B.pull up C.pull through D.pull out 11.As my exams are coming next week,Ill take advantage of the weekend to _ on some reading.A.catch up B.clear up C.make up D.pick up 12.It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station,_ traffic delays.A.acknowledging B.affording C.allowing for D.acco

8、unting for 13.School started on a _ cold day in February.A.severe B.bitter C.such D.frozen 14.Sally was a bit shy,but the teacher found her quite _ discussing a recent film with others.A.at home B.at most C.at house D.at heart 第 3 页 15.With _ exceptions,the former president does not appear in public

9、 now.A.rare B.unusual C.extraordinary D.unique 16.As a developing country,we must keep _ with the rapid development of the world economy.A.move B.step C.speed D.pace 17.The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement _ five separate unions has led to long negotiations.A.over B.upon C.in D.

10、with 18.The police let him go,because they didnt find him guilty _ the murder.A.of B.in C.over D.on 19.The company has capitalized _ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.A.in B.over C.with D.on 20.When invited to talk about his achievements,he refused to blow his own _ and declined

11、to speak at the meeting.A.trumpet B.whistle C.bugle D.flute 21.Although I spoke to her about the matter several times,she took little _ of what I said.A.remark B.warning C.notice D.attention 22.I only know the man by _ but I have never spoken to him.A.chance B.heart C.sight D.experience 23.It is abs

12、olutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A.will continue B.continued C.continue D.continues 24.If only I _ play the guitar as well as you!A.would B.could C.should D.might 25.He _ unwisely,but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A.may have acted B.m

13、ust have acted C.should act D.would act 第 4 页 26.Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak.A.or which B.for that C.in that D.in which 27.I enjoyed myself so much _ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A.when B.which C.that D.where 28._ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be

14、 established in this region.A.Only if,will B.If only,would C.Should,will D.Unless,would 29._,Mr.Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A.Although he is a socialist B.Even if he is a socialist C.Being a socialist D.Since he is a socialist 30.The government has promised to do _ lies in i

15、ts power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.A.however B.whichever C.whatever D.wherever Part II Reading Comprehension(50 points,2 points for each)Directions:In this section,there are 5 passages followed by multiple-choice questions.Read the passage and then write ONE bes

16、t answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage One We have all heard of experts who fail basic tests of sensory discrimination in their own field:wine snobs who cant tell red from white wine(though in blackened cups),or art critics who see deep meaning in random lines drawn by a computer.We

17、 delight in such stories since anyone claiming to be an authority is fair game.But what if we shine the spotlight on choices we make about everyday things?Experts might be forgiven for being wrong about the limits of their skills as experts,but could we be forgiven for being wrong about the limits o

18、f our skills as experts on ourselves?We have been trying to answer this question using techniques from magic 第 5 页 performances.Rather than playing tricks with alternatives presented to participants,we secretly altered the outcomes of their choices,and recorded how they react.For example,in an early

19、 study we showed our volunteers pairs of pictures of faces and asked them to choose the most attractive.In some trials,immediately after they made their choice,we asked people to explain the reasons behind their choices.Unknown to them,we sometimes used a double-card magic trick to secretly exchange

20、 one face for the other so they ended up with the face they did not choose.Common sense dictates that all of us would notice such a big change in the outcome of a choice.But the result showed that in 75 per cent of the trials our participants were blind to the mismatch,even offering“reasons”for thei

21、r“choice”.We called this effect“choice blindness”,echoing change blindness,the phenomenon identified by psychologists where a remarkably large number of people fail to spot a major change in their environment.Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y for directions;while Y is struggling to help,X

22、 is switched for Z-and.Y fails to notice.Researchers are still pondering the full implications,but it does show how little information we use in daily life,and undermines the idea that we know what is going on around us.When we set out,we aimed to weigh in on the enduring,complicated debate about se

23、lf-knowledge and intentionality.For all the intimate familiarity we feel we have with decision making,it is very difficult to know about it from the“inside”:one of the great barriers for scientific research is the nature of subjectivity.As anyone who has ever been in a verbal disagreement can prove,

24、people tend to give elaborate justifications for their decisions,which we have every reason to believe are nothing more than rationalizations after the event.To prove such people wrong,though,or even provide enough evidence to change their mind,is an entirely different matter:who are you to say what

25、 my reasons are?But with choice blindness we drive a large wedge between intentions and actions in the mind.As our participants give us verbal explanations about choices they never made,we can show them beyond doubt-and prove it-that what they say cannot be true.So our experiments offer a unique win

26、dow into confabulation(the story-telling we do to justify things after the fact)that is otherwise very difficult to come by.We can compare everyday explanations with those under lab conditions,looking for such things as the amount of detail in descriptions,how coherent the narrative is,the emotional

27、 tone,or even the timing or flow of the speech.Then we can create a theoretical framework to analyse any kind of exchange.This framework could provide a clinical use for choice blindness:for example,two of our ongoing studies examine how malingering might develop into true 第 6 页 symptoms,and how con

28、fabulation might play a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Importantly,the effects of choice blindness go beyond snap judgments.Depending on what our volunteers say in response to the mismatched outcomes of choices(whether they give short or long explanations,give numerical rating or labeling,and

29、 so on)we found this interaction could change their future preferences to the extent that they come to prefer the previously rejected alternative.This gives us a rare glimpse into the complicated dynamics of self-feedback(“I chose this,I publicly said so,therefore I must like it”),which we suspect l

30、ies behind the formation of many everyday preferences.We also want to explore the boundaries of choice blindness.Of course,it will be limited by choices we know to be of great importance in everyday life.Which bride or bridegroom would fail to notice if someone switched their partner at the altar th

31、rough amazing sleight of hand?Yet there is ample territory between the absurd idea of spouse-swapping,and the results of our early face experiments.For example,in one recent study we invited supermarket customers to choose between two paired varieties of jam and tea.In order to switch each participa

32、nts choice without them noticing,we created two sets of“magical”jars,with lids at both ends and a divider inside.The jars looked normal,but were designed to hold one variety of jam or tea at each end,and could easily be flipped over.Immediately after the participants chose,we asked them to taste the

33、ir choice again and tell us verbally why they made that choice.Before they did,we turned over the sample containers,so the tasters were given the opposite of what they had intended in their selection.Strikingly,people detected no more than a third of all these trick trials.Even when we switched such

34、 remarkably different flavors as spicy cinnamon and apple for bitter grapefruit jam,the participants spotted less than half of all switches.We have also documented this kind of effect when we simulate online shopping for consumer products such as laptops or cell phones,and even apartments.Our latest

35、 tests are exploring moral and political decisions,a domain where reflection and deliberation are supposed to play a central role,but which we believe is perfectly suited to investigating using choice blindness.Throughout our experiments,as well as registering whether our volunteers noticed that the

36、y had been presented with the alternative they did not choose,we also quizzed them about their beliefs about their decision processes.How did they think they would feel if they had been exposed to a study like ours?Did they think they would have noticed the switches?Consistently,between 80 and 90 pe

37、r cent of people said that they believed they would have noticed something was wrong.第 7 页 Imagine their surprise,even disbelief,when we told them about the nature of the experiments.In everyday decision-making we do see ourselves as knowing a lot about ourselves,but like the wine buff or art critic

38、,we often overstate what we know.The good news is that this form of decision snobbery should not be too difficult to treat.Indeed,after reading this article you might already be cured.31.What does the author say about some experts?A.They are authorities only in their own fields.B.They arent easily f

39、ooled by the tricky tests.C.The mistakes theyve made are inevitable.D.They sometimes fail to do well as claimed.32.What did the researchers do to participants in the experiments?A.They put on a magic performance to the participants.B.They diverted the participants attention and disrupted their choos

40、ing.C.They changed the things participants chose without their noticing.D.They added confusion to the two options the participants faced.33.What does the result of the face choosing experiments reveal?A.People could explain well why they made their choices.B.Only a few of participants had choice bli

41、ndness in making decision.C.Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills.D.Most participants didnt realize that their choices had been switched.34.Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that _.A.many people fail to notice the big change around them B.people tend to ignore the sma

42、ll changes in the surroundings C.peoples choices can be easily interrupted by a big change D.quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions 35.What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences?A.The haste judgment.B.The mechanism of self-feedback.C.The interaction with

43、others.D.The expectation for the future.Passage Two Ricky Gervaiss new film,The Invention of Lying,is about a world where lying doesnt exist,which means that everybody tells the truth,and everybody believes everything everybody else says.“Ive always hated you,”a man tells a work colleague.“He seems

44、nice,if a bit fat,”a woman says about her date.Its all truth,all the time,at whatever the cost.Until one day,when Mark,a down-on-his-luck loser played by 第 8 页 Gervais,discovers a thing called“lying”and what it can get him.Within days,Mark is rich,famous,and courting the girl of his dreams.And becau

45、se nobody knows what“lying”is?he goes on,happily living what has become a complete and utter farce.Its meant to be funny,but its also a more serious commentary on us all.As Americans,we like to think we value the truth.Time and time again,public-opinion polls show that honesty is among the top five

46、characteristics we want in a leader,friend,or lover;the world is full of sad stories about the tragic consequences of betrayal.At the same time,deception is all around us.We are lied to by government officials and public figures to a disturbing degree;many of our social relationships are based on li

47、ttle white lies we tell each other.We deceive our children,only to be deceived by them in return.And the average person,says psychologist Robert Feldman,the author of a new book on lying,tells at least three lies in the first 10 minutes of a conversation.“Theres always been a lot of lying,”says Feld

48、man，whose new book,The Liar in Your Life,came out this month.“But I do think were seeing a kind of cultural shift where were lying more,its easier to lie,and in some ways its almost more acceptable.”As Paul Ekman,one of Feldmans longtime lying colleagues and the inspiration behind the Fox IV series“

49、Lie To Me”defines it，a liar is a person who“intends to mislead,”“deliberately,”without being asked to do so by the target of the lie.Which doesnt mean that all lies are equally toxic:some are simply habitual “My pleasure!”-while others might be well-meaning white lies.But each,Feldman argues,is harm

50、ful,because of the standard it creates.And the more lies we tell,even if theyre little white lies,the more deceptive we and society become.We are a culture of liars,to put it bluntly,with deceit so deeply ingrained in our mind that we hardly even notice were engaging in it.Junk e-mail,deceptive adve