小升初英语3词性汇总2.docx

1、小升初英语词性汇总（2）五、副词1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词或形容词的词，说明时间、程度、方式等概念。大多数副词都可以放在动词后面。eg. dance beautifully. listen carefully, sit quietly, speak loudly 2. 副词的比较级变化规则与形容词比较级基本相同，以 ly 结尾的副词一般用 more. eg. more carefully, more quietly 六、数词表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词，表示数目多少的词叫基数词，表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1.基数词(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语。

2、eg. Thirty of them are Party members.(主语) -How many would you like? -Three, please.(作宾语) The nine boys are from Tianjing.(定语) Six plus four is ten.(表语) (2) 表示一个具体数字时， hundred, thousand, million 一律不用复数，在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。eg. Our country has a population of 1,300 million people. 1 There are three thousan

3、d students in our school. After the war, thousands of people became homeless. Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world. They arrived in twos and threes. 2.序数词（1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词。eg. The first truck is carrying a foot baskets. John lives on the fifteenth floor. （2）由几

4、个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意，它们是 one- first, two- second, three- third, five- fifth, eight- eighth, nine- ninth, twelve-twelfth （3）表示年月日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。eg. 1949 年十月一日，读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty. 2004 年九月十日，读作: September(the) tenth, two thousand and four. （4）表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示。分子大于 1

5、 时，分母加 s. eg. three fourths. one second, two fifths （5）序数词有时用缩写形式first1st, second-2nd, third-3rd. fourth-4th, twenty-second22nd 【难点】2 （1）表示”+”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。eg. He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. This took place in 1930s. （2）表示时刻用基数词. We get up at six. The workers begin

6、 to work at eight. 表示“几点过几分”用介词 past, 但须在半小时以内。eg. ten past ten. a quarter past nine. half past twelve. 表示“几点差几分”用介词 to, 但分数必须在半小时以上。eg. twenty to nine. five to eight. a quarter to ten 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。eg. seven fifteen. eleven thirty nine twenty （3）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思。eg. We will have to

7、 do it a second time. Shall I ask him a third time? When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak. 【热点题型】例 1用所给词的正确形式填空。Look! His hands are_(big) than mine. 【答案】bigger 【解析】看！他的手比我的（手）大，用比较级，big 的比较级是bigger. 3 例 2用所给词的适当形式填空。This skirt is _(expensive) of the three. 【答案】 the most expensive 【解析】这条裙子是三条中最

8、贵的。用最高级，expensive 的最高级是 most expensive. 例 3根据所给汉语完成句子。_ _ exercise you take, _ _(你锻炼越多就会越强壮) you will do. 【答案】The more, the stronger 【解析】the+比较级，the+比较级，表示”越越”strong 强壮的，其比较级是 stronger. 例 4根据句意选择合适的选项。They Yellow River is one of _ in China. A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest ri

9、ver D. the long river 【答案】A 【解析】此句意是：黄河是中国最长的河流之一。用最高级，one of the longest rivers 最长的河流之一，注意 river 要用复数形式。七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括 be 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词。1.be 动词(am, is , are, was, were) 1).am-was, is-was, are-were. 口诀：我用 am, 你用 are, is 用在4 他她它，所有复数全用 are. 2).肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He is (not) a

10、teacher. She is (not) in the dinning room. My hair is (not) long. Her eyes are (not) small. 3).一般疑问句Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are./ No, you arent. Are they American? -Yes, they are. / No, they arent. Is the cat fat? -Yes, it is./ No, it isnt. 4).be 动词的否定形式：am not(没有缩写形式), are not= arent. is not= isnt

11、. 2.助动词(do, does, did)do, does 用于一般现在时态，其过去式 did 用于一般过去时，它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中，它们的否定形式是: do not= dont. does not= doesnt. did not= didnt. 注意：在一般现在时中，does 用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词 do; 助动词 do, does, did 后面一定要用动词原形。3.情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有: can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must. 注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响) 其否定形式: can not= cant. must not= mustnt 5 注意：may not 和 shall not 无缩写形式。4. 行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如: sweep, live 等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、过去式+ed. (1)动词第三人称单数变化规则：