Unit 4 基础知识检测学案-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.docx

1、必修一 Unit4语言能力重点词汇短语:disaster,drought,slide,flood,rescue,damage,destroy,death,affect,shelter,ruin,percent,brick,metal,shock,electricity,trap,bury,breathe,effort,wisdom,context,suffer,volcano,erupt,supply,typhoon,hurricane,survive,power,pipe,emergency,calm,aid,kit,crash,sweep,wave,strike,deliver,summa

2、ry,effect,lengthvolcanic eruptionrise and fall, as usual, as if, come to an end, come across, in ruins, blow away, in shock, thousands of, millions of, in the open air, first aid kit, on hand, sweep away，stand at， at length语法：复习that、which、who(whom)引导的定语从句；学习并掌握用whose引导的定语从句话题写作：1.能够简要模仿新闻播报，报道突发的自然灾

3、害。2.能够运用指令性语言，介绍应对各种自然灾害的准备工作和措施。3.能够为重大新闻事件的专题报道编写摘要。II.拓展单词1.n.灾难，灾害_adj.灾难性的，极其糟糕的_adv.悲惨地2.n.旱灾，久旱_adj干的，口渴的，枯燥无味的；n.干涸3.vi.vt.（使）滑行，滑动_adj.变化的，滑行的_n.滑动器，滑雪者4. n.洪水，大量；vi.淹没，大量涌入；vt.使灌满水，淹没_n.泛滥；产后出血5.n.vt.营救，救援_n.救援人员6.vt.损害，破坏；n.损坏，损失_adj.被损坏的_adj.有破坏性的，损害的，诽谤的7.vt.摧毁，毁灭_n毁灭，消灭，破坏_adj.破坏性的，有害的

4、_n.驱逐舰，破坏者8.vt.疏散，撤出；vi.撤离_n.撤离，疏散，排泄，清除_n.被疏散者，撤离者9. n.死，死亡_vi.死亡，过世_adj.死亡的，去世的_adj.将死的，奄奄一息的，衰落的，衰败的10.vt.影响，（疾病）侵袭，深深打动_n.喜爱，钟爱，挚爱_adj.充满深情的，有感情的_n.做作，矫揉造作，假装,_n.影响11.n.避难所，居所，庇护；vt.保护，掩蔽；vi.躲避（风雨或危险）_adj.受保护的，掩蔽的，免税的，为弱者提供方便的12.n.vt.破坏，毁坏_adj.毁灭的，荒废的_adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的，零落的_adv.毁灭地，败坏地13.n.百分之adj.adv

5、.每一百中_n.百分比，百分率，白分数14.n.震惊，令人震惊的事，休克；vt.使震惊_adj.震惊的，愤慨的_adj.令人震惊的，令人憎恶的15.vt.使落入险境，使陷入圈套；n.险境，陷阱_adj.捕获的，陷入困境的，收集的，受到限制的_n.设陷阱捕兽者，捕捉器16.vt.埋葬，安葬_n.埋葬，葬礼17.vivt呼吸_n.呼吸，气息_adj.气喘吁吁的，呼吸急促的_adv.上气不接下气地，气喘吁吁地18.vivt.复活，（使）苏醒_n.振兴，复苏19.n.努力，艰难的尝试，尽力_adj.不费力的，轻松的_adj需要努力的，显示努力的，充满努力的20.vt.遭受，蒙受；vi.（因疾病，痛苦，

6、悲伤等）受苦_n.疼痛，折磨，痛苦_n.患者，受害者21.n.供应量，补给pl补给品；vt.供应，供给_adj补充的，追加的_n.供应商22.n.电力供应，能量，力量，控制力_adj.强大的，有权势的，强壮的_adv.强有力地_adj.无力量的，无权力的23.adj.镇静的，沉着的；vt.使平静，使镇静_n.冷静，镇静，平静，安宁_adv.冷静地，平静地，安静地24.vtvi.碰撞，撞击；n.撞车，碰撞_adj.彻底的，最好的，猛撞的_n.猛击，破碎机，不速之客25.vtvi.侵袭，突击，击打；n.罢工，罢课，袭击adj.惊人的，引入注目的，很有魅力的_n.罢工者，打击者26.vtvi.传送，

7、传达；vt.发表，接生_n.运送，投递，投球，分娩_n.拯救者，交付者，投递者27.n.影响，结果，效果_adj.能产生预期结果的，有效的_adv.有效地_n.有效性_adj无效的，失效的，不起作用的III.重点词汇讲解1.damage n. 损失，损害 vt. 破坏；损坏1）A large number of buildings were seriously damaged in the earthquake.在地震中，许多建筑都遭到了严重损坏。2） The accident caused some damage to my car，but its nothing serious.这次事故造

8、成了我的汽车部分损坏，但不是很严重。3）The damage to his reputation was considerable. 他的名誉受到很大的损害。2. rescue n. U/v. 救援，营救;C营教行动A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。(2018 .北京)Staywhere you are,and wellcometorescueyou!待在原地不要动，我

9、们会来救你！3. affect vt. 影响 ；(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 Eg. Your opinion will not affect my decision.你的观点不会影响我的决定。Deeply affected by the moving story, the little girl burst into tears.被这个动人的故事深深打动,那个小女孩突然哭了起来。4.shelter n.避难所;居所;庇护vt. 保护;掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)1)Rescue workers built shelters for the survivors whose homes had bee

10、n destroyed.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起避难所。2)He is trying to shelter his boy from criticism.他极力为男孩顶住外界的批评。3)They are looking for a place to shelter from the rain.他们正在找地方躲雨。5.injure vt. 损害；伤害;刺伤（感情） Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.This could seriously injure the companys reputatio

11、n. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。The injured in the accident were sent to the nearest hospital .6. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 v. (使)震惊The news was a big shock to him.The news of Scotts death shocked the world.She was completely shocked at the shocking news.He was bleeding from the head and suffering from shock. 他头部流血，陷入休克

12、状态。7. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏(buried, buried)The dog buried the bone in the ground.He buried his face in his hands. 双手掩面Buried in books, she did not hear the phone ringing. 8. trap n. 陷阱，圈套；困境； vt. 卡住, 使陷入困境(trapped, trapped)Having been trapped in traffic for several hours, he was late for work.Some peopl

13、e were caught in the unemployment trap. 一些人陷入失业困境中。9. It looks as if it is going to rain.I treat him as if he were my son. （虚拟） He stood there as if waiting for someone.(省略）She opened her lips as if to say something.（省略） As if 既可表示陈述也可表虚拟（即当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况，如表虚拟：(1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般

14、过去时。 （2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形10. erupt vi/vt.(火山)爆发，(岩浆/烟等)喷出 Without warning, the audience erupted into laughter. 突然大笑 The volcano erupted in 1980, destroying a large area of Washington state.这座火山1980年喷发，摧毁了华盛顿州的大片地区。11. supply n. 供应物 v.供应 We had our wa

15、ter supply cut off. 我们的水供应被切断了。The brain requires a constant supply of oxygen. 大脑需要持续的供氧。They were arrested for supplying drugs to street dealers. 他们因向街头毒品贩子提供毒品而被逮捕。区别：Supply sth to sb. Supply sb with sth provide sb. with sth. Provide sth for sb.12. crash(1) vi.&vt.碰撞，撞击；(使)猛撞The white car was goin

16、g too fast and crashed into a red car.(2) vi.&vt.(计算机)崩溃 vi倒闭，贬值The computer system has crashed.The company crashed with debts of $50 million.(3) n.C相撞,撞车,碰撞;碰撞声,破裂声;倒闭,暴跌常见搭配：a train/car crash火车/汽车撞车事故 a plane/an air crash飞机失事【语境串记】He experienced a serious car crash today-his car crashed into anoth

17、er car and let out a loud crash.今天他经历了一起严重的撞车事故-他的车撞上了另一辆车并发出了很大的声响。13. sweep vi.&vt.打扫；清扫(swept,swept)The garden that was once so beautiful was swept away by the floods. 消灭，摧毁The cleaners are busy sweeping away the snow on the road to make a safe path for drivers. 扫除A feeling of loneliness swept ov

18、er me. (感情)突然袭来Jim swept all the objections(异议）aside 拒不理会，无视14. wave(1) n.C波浪,海浪;心潮,风潮;波,波状运动;挥手,招手Huge waves were breaking on the shore.When he heard her rude remarks, a wave of anger swept over him.Seeing her friend coming out of the station, she gave her a wave excitedly.(2) vi.&vt. 挥手;挥手示意 vt.挥舞

19、挥动(手中之物) vi.飘动,起伏When the train started, they all stood on the platform waving to/at me.The mother would always wave goodbye to her son while he was leaving for school.15. strike(struck,struck/stricken)(1) vt.&vi.(灾难、疾病)侵袭,爆发A huge earthquake struck the northern part Peru on May26,2019.(2)vt.击,打;碰,撞

20、 vt.&vi敲(钟),报时;划(火柴)常见搭配：strike sb on/against +the+表示身体部位的名词 击打某人的.He fell, striking his head on the table.A big wave struck the side of the boat and almost turned it over.The matches were damp (潮湿）and he couldnt make them strike.The clock was striking 8 as we went into the hall.(3)vt.(想法或念头)突然想到,猛地

21、意识到;给(某人以).印象常见搭配:It strikes sb that.某人突然想到.strike sb as (being) sth给某人以某人印象 be struck by被.打动/感染It struck me that we ought to make a new plan.A good idea struck me while I was walking along the river.You cant help being struck by her kindness.(4)n.C罢工,罢课;袭击;击,打常见搭配：be(out) on strike在罢工 go on strike举

22、行罢工The workers went on strike on Monday, demanding a 30 percent wage increase.There is a striking contrast between wealth and poverty.贫富之间差异显著。16. deliver v. 递送，传达；发表(1) We trust that you can deliver the goods to those people who are trapped in the flooded areas. 递送(2) I felt very excited when I rec

23、eived the invitation to deliver a speed in your school. vt发表,宣布,发布(3) Her baby was delivered by her family doctor. 接生,助产IV.课文填空1. In less than one minute, a large city_( lie) in ruins. 2. About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone

24、. 3. Bricks covered the ground _ red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away. 4. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make _ difficult to deliver food and supplies. 5. People were _ shockand then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again. 6. In Sri Lanka , so

25、me 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498,and one million more _( affect) by the tsunami, government officials said. 7. Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those _ were trapped and to bury the dead.8. Slowly，the city beg

26、an to breathe again. 9. _ strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan _(build) upon the earthquake ruins. 10. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the _(wise) to stay positi

27、ve and rebuild for a brighter future. 11.At least one well had some smelly gas _(come) out of it. 12. At no time shall we give in to the enemy.13. A summary should be around one third _ length of the original text.14.Eleven kilometers _(direct) below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of th

28、e 20th century had begun，a quake _ even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing.15. Everywhere survivors looked , there was nothing but ruins.16. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe _(cross).17. The 8.0-magnitude earthquake that killed over 80000 people and left many more_(injure

29、) turned many towns into ruins. 18. Having an emergency kit_(prepare) is also very important. Look at the emergency supplies below .Discuss with a partner _ else you would add.19. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, _

30、(kill) more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.20.Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars _ (sweep) away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached_ magnitude of 9.0.21.The undersea quake _(strike) around 7:00a.m.,Sunday

31、off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island. 答案1. disaster; disastrous; disastrously2. drought; dry3. slide; sliding; slider4. flood; flooding5. rescue; rescuer6. damage; damaged; damaging7. destroy; destruction; destructive; destroyer8. evacuate; evacuation; evacuee9. death; die; dead; dying10.

32、 affect; affection; affectionate; affectation; effect11. shelter; sheltered12.ruin; ruined; ruinous; ruinously13. percent; percentage14. shock; shocked; shocking15. trap; trapped; trapper16.bury; burial17.breathe; breath; breathless; breathlessly18.revive; revival19. effort; effortless; effortful20.suffer; suffering; sufferer21. supply; supplementary; supplier22.power; powerful; powerfully; powerless23.calm; calm; calmly24.crash; crashing; crasher25.strike; striking; striker26.deliver; delivery; deliverer27. effect; effective; effectively; effectiveness; ineffective