句子成分分析(ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或

2、特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来用来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词修饰动词，形容词，副词，表，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Holl

3、ywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！取得英语语法成功的基石取得英语语法成功的基石什么是句子？什么是句子？I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!3现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主

4、语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补语（complement）。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？句子成分(1)谓主宾表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主 语 What he needs is a book.Gina is from Australia.She often goes to the movies.Doing the work is hard for him.主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主语句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于一

5、般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首 在“There be”句型中，主语的位置在 be动词之后。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.There is a duck in the lake.1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will b

6、e enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.What he needs is a book.（）8.It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语形式主语It is clear that the sun is bigger than the earth.It is important to learn English well

7、.不定式、从句等作主语时，为避头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置句首。你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?翻译翻译1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)He is clever a lot.3)It is getting clod 4)It is easy for me to play the piano.5)The teacher is kind to us.说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。主语在哪里The young should respect the old.Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.What h

8、e has said is true.Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓 语 We love China.He has a bad cold.1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当.实义动词或系动词实义动词或系动词动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词和助动词情态

9、动词和助动词.情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.We have finished reading this book.谓语在哪里They can speak English well.助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语He looked after two boys.They enjoye

10、d playing computer games.look after照顾表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做了什么”（所做的事）宾 语 Can I ask some questions?He is looking at the dog.宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之后后宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或或_

11、后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语：指人的是：指人的是间接宾语间接宾语，指物的是，指物的是直接宾语直接宾语。He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语He gave.Tom teaches 双宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语常跟双宾语的词常跟双宾语的词 give,buy,teach1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We nee

12、d two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语 My brother hasnt done

13、 his homework.A B C DYou must pay good attention to A Byour pronunciation.C D 宾语在哪里Summary2 2谓语 “做.”或“怎么样”3 3宾语 动作行为”做”的对象主语 “什么人”或“什么事”1 1She is a beautiful girl.句子成分(2)定状补表说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后表 语Her mother is a bank clerk.The food tastes delicious.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，

14、副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面表语表语：跟在：跟在 后面的词语或从句后面的词语或从句,用来说用来说明主语的身份明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.系动词He always kept silent at meeting.系动词状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等，主要有be（is am are）I am hungry.持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay等。He

15、 became mad after that.系动词感官系动词 主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。This flower smells very sweet.变化系动词 表示主语变化，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.To see is to believe.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exc

16、iting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词不定式不定式从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词找出表语Every thing looks nice.His face turned red.He is happy.修饰名词或代词定 语Shes a good basketball player.Whats your name?The girl with long hair is my sister.定语：用来修饰

17、定语：用来修饰_.This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the door is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词和代词名词和代词1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We bel

18、ong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词找出定语Some people forgot to sweep t

19、he floor.A B C DThe man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状 语The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.He sat there quietly.1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned

20、tired and hungry.（）5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）6.Although he is young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching T

21、V.（）10.He was angry because we were late(）11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句找出状语He began writing when he was eleven.A B C DThere was a big smile on her face.A B C D用来补充说明宾语的情况 宾语补足语We elected him our monitor.He asked her to take the boy out of school.注意点 某些

22、及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。比如说：I like to keep everything tidy.Im going to paint it pink.感官动词和使役动词加宾补，如：See，hear,notice,watch,hear，feel,observe(感官动词)，Make，have,let(使役动词)，接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。1.I hear him sing.2.Let him help you.形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to

23、的不定式的不定式不定式不定式 I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.A B C DThey call me Lily sometimes.A B C D找出宾补Summary2 2定语用来修饰名词或代词3 3状语修饰动词，形容词或副词4 4宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况表语“是什么”,”怎么样”1 1句子成份练习句子成份练习1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We elected him our monitor.5、The sun keeps us

24、warm.6、I told him to open the window.7、We watched the train leaving the station.状语状语表语表语间语间语+直宾直宾宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补8.I think it difficult to finish the work this morning.9.There seems little hopes of success.10、To our joy,they arrived safe.11、The fact is very clear that our team wi

25、ll win the game.12.After graduation he will work where he came from.宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语状语状语同位语同位语状语状语按句子的结构可分三种：按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.They walked,talked and lau

26、ghed.英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一：一：（主谓）（主谓）二：二：（主系表）（主系表）三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型 二 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动表达

27、完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundbe,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,get,grow,become,turn,goturn,go等属另一类，表示变化。等属另一类，表示变化。be be 本身没有什本身没有什么意义么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。只起连系主语和表语的作用。（是系动词）（是系动词）(表语表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.Th

28、e weather 8.His face is smells(闻闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型基本句型 三三 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫者，才能使意思完整。这

29、类动词叫做及物动词。做及物动词。（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.基本句型基本句型 四四 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两

30、个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her

31、him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.基本句型基本句型 五五 此句型的句子的共同特点是：此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。语，才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.T

32、hey3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：结构

33、方式。即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.并列句并列句 定定 义义 用用 法法 并列句是由并列句是由and,but,or,forand,but,or,for等并列等并列连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为为:简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句。并列句简单句。并列句是初中英语语法的重点和难点是初中英语语法的重点和难点,也是中也是中考的常考知识点之一。要想真正、全考的常考知识

34、点之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句面掌握并列句,就让我们一起聆听它的就让我们一起聆听它的“四重奏四重奏”吧吧!定义定义并列句是由并列句是由and,but,or,forand,but,or,for等并列等并列连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简连词把两个或两个以上意义有关的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为为:简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句。并列句。并列句是初中英语语法的重点和难点是初中英语语法的重点和难点,也是中也是中考的常考知识点之一。要想真正、全考的常考知识点之一。要想真正、全面掌握并列句面掌握并列句,就让我们一起聆听它的就让我们一起聆听它的“四重

35、奏四重奏”吧吧!定义定义联合并列句联合并列句 并列连词并列连词:and(和、并且和、并且),其中其中and意为意为“和、又、而和、又、而”，表示动作先后等，表示动作先后等，not only.but also.(不但不但而且而且)等。等。Jim finished his homework and he went to bed.吉姆写完作业吉姆写完作业,就上床睡觉了。就上床睡觉了。Not only I come to school early,but also my teacher does.不但我到校早不但我到校早,而且我的老师也是如此。而且我的老师也是如此。and在表示条件时，可与在表示条件时

36、，可与if引导的肯定条件句转换引导的肯定条件句转换 keep passing the ball to each other,and you”ll be Ok!If you keep passing the ball each other,you”ll be Ok!转折并列句转折并列句并列连词并列连词:but(但是但是),however(然而然而),yet(但是但是),while(而而,然然而而)等。其中等。其中but意为意为“但是、可是、然而、不过但是、可是、然而、不过”，表，表意思转折意思转折。Shes good at English,but her Chinese isnt good.她擅

37、长英语她擅长英语,但语文不好。但语文不好。He worked hard,yet he failed.他努力地干他努力地干,然而失败了。然而失败了。Tom is tall while his brother is short.汤姆个儿很高汤姆个儿很高,而他的兄弟却很矮。而他的兄弟却很矮。Id like to go with you,however my hands are full.我想和你一块儿去我想和你一块儿去,可是我忙不过来。可是我忙不过来。特别提醒特别提醒:though,although(虽然，尽管虽然，尽管)不能不能 与与 but(但是但是)连用。连用。虽然他很累虽然他很累,但是他没有

38、停止工作。但是他没有停止工作。误误:Although he is very tired,but he doesnt stop working.正正:Although he is very tired,he doesnt stop working.正正:He is very tired,but he doesnt stop working.选择并列句选择并列句并列连词并列连词:or(或者或者;否则否则,要不然要不然),either.or.(或者或者或或者者),neither.nor.(既不既不又不又不)等。等。You must tell the truth,or you will be puni

39、shed.你必须说真话你必须说真话,否则你将会受到惩罚。否则你将会受到惩罚。Either you can do it by yourself,or you can ask someone else to do it.你或者自己做你或者自己做,或者让别人去做。或者让别人去做。提醒提醒:“祈使句祈使句+or/and+简单句简单句”也是一个固定句型也是一个固定句型,此句型此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一个中的祈使句在意义上相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句。Work hard,and youll pass the exam.(=If you work hard,youll pass

40、the exam.)努力学习努力学习,你就会通过考试。你就会通过考试。因果并列句因果并列句并列连词并列连词:for(:for(因为因为),),表示因果关系，起解释说明的作用。表示因果关系，起解释说明的作用。so(所以所以)等。其中等。其中so为为“所以、结果所以、结果”，表因果关系。，表因果关系。That was our first lesson,so she didnt know all our names.那是我们第一堂课那是我们第一堂课,因此她并不知道我们所有人的名字。因此她并不知道我们所有人的名字。She didnt come to school today,for she was i

41、ll.今天她没来上学今天她没来上学,因为她生病了。因为她生病了。提醒提醒:so与与because不能连用。不能连用。因为我有钱因为我有钱,所以我能给自己买很多东西。所以我能给自己买很多东西。误误:Because Im rich,so I can buy myself lots of things.正正:Because Im rich,I can buy myself lots of things.正正:Im rich,so I can buy myself lots of things.3）复合句复合句：含有：含有一个或一个以上从句一个或一个以上从句的的句子。复合句包含：句子。复合句包含：名词性从句名词性从句（主语（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、句）、定语从句定语从句和和状语从句状语从句等。等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.70