Unit4 Discovering uesful structures 语法(ppt课件) -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、XIAO QING XIN适用于工作汇报、总结计划、教育教学等Unit 4 Natural disastersDiscovering Useful StructureDiscovering Useful StructureLive to Tell:Raising Awareness,Reducing Mortality.United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction(2016)To learn the restrictive relative clauses with that,which,who,whose,whom

2、and/.To use the restrictive relative clauses to describe pictures of disasters.R e v i e w即时演练即时演练关系代词关系代词(who/which/that)填空填空1.Look,here are some people _I want you to meet.2.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?3.The picture_was about the accident was terrible.修饰人：修

3、饰人：who/that 修饰物：修饰物：which/thatwho/thatthat/whichwhich/thatPreviewFind more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.(找出找出P50文章里的定语从句文章里的定语从句)1.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.2.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroy

4、ed.3.The number of the people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400000.在句中修饰在句中修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的成分叫定语成分叫定语。1.They are talking about a maths problem.1.They are talking about a maths problem.2.It is very near from here to his school.2.It is very near from here to his school.3.Th

5、e tall man is a professor of Shandong 3.The tall man is a professor of Shandong University.University.4.The picture on the wall was drawn by my 4.The picture on the wall was drawn by my daughter.daughter.Lets reviewWhat is attributeLead inDo you know who he is?He is Xu Guanghan.He plays the role of

6、Xiang Jian Ni.He is Xu Guanghan,who plays the role of Xiang Jian Ni.He is Xu Guanghan,who plays the role of Xiang Jian Ni.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词Lets learn定语从句定义：在从句中修饰某一定语从句定义：在从句中修饰某一名词名词/代词代词的的从句从句定语从句定语从句的的定义定义先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句+定语从句定语从句的的构成构成用用来指代先行词来指代先行词连接主句和从句连接主句和从句在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分定语从句定语从句

7、的的关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词先行词先行词在从句所做的成分在从句所做的成分 人人、物物主语主语、宾语宾语宾语宾语人人、物物定语定语thatwhichWho WhomwhoseasShow time物物人人人人人人、物物主语主语、宾语宾语，表语表语主语主语、宾语宾语主语主语、宾语宾语，表语表语The number of people _ come to visit this city each year reaches one million.关系代词关系代词的用的用法：法：1.that既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可在定语从句中可作作主语主语、宾语宾语或表语或表语，作，作

8、宾语时可省略宾语时可省略。(指人指人，作，作主语主语)that This is the book _ she is looking for.(that)定语从句定语从句的的关系代词关系代词(指物指物，作，作宾语宾语)2 which指物指物，在定语从句中可在定语从句中可作作主语或宾语主语或宾语，作，作宾语时可宾语时可省略省略。They ignored the details _ might account for the accident.which定语从句定语从句的的关系代词关系代词(作作主语主语)关系代词关系代词的用的用法与辨析法与辨析1)关系代词关系代词that与与which 定定语从句中

9、语从句中,关系代词关系代词that既可指既可指人也人也可指物可指物，which一般一般用于用于指物指物。指指物物时时二二者一般可以者一般可以互换互换。只只用用that引导定语从句引导定语从句的的情况：情况：当先行词为当先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none等等不定代词或先行词被不定代词或先行词被the only,few,little,no,all,every,the very等等词修词修 饰时饰时。当先行词同时包括人和物时当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：如：They talked about the teachers and sc

10、hools that they had visited.当先行词前有序数词当先行词前有序数词first,last,next等等或形容或形容 词词的的最高最高级级修饰时修饰时。如：如：This is the first article that Ive written in Japanese.当主句是由当主句是由who或或which开头开头的的疑问句时疑问句时。如：如：Who is the man that is standing by Jack?3.who指人指人，在定语从句中可在定语从句中可作作主语或宾语主语或宾语，作，作宾语时可宾语时可省略省略。There are so many peop

11、le _have suffered a lot in the earthquake.Tom was the man _we rescued from the ruins.who who(作作主语主语)(作作宾语宾语)（whowho）定语从句定语从句的的关系代词关系代词4.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替代替,前有介词时不能用前有介词时不能用who代替。代替。Rose is the person _you should care about.5.whose既可指人也可指物，表既可指人也可指物，表“所属所属”关系，在定语从句关系，在

12、定语从句中作定语。中作定语。I know the person_ house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.(who/whom)(who/whom)(作作宾语宾语)whosewhose(作作定语定语)定语从句定语从句的的关系代词关系代词2)关系代词关系代词who与与whom who指人指人，主，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用that替换。替换。whom指人指人，宾，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语和非格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语和非正式文体中可用正式文体中可用who或或that替换，也可以省略。替换，也可以

13、省略。3)关系代词关系代词whose whose是是who的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限定的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限定作用。作用。whose引导定语从句时，先行词可以指引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人也人也可以可以指物。指物。6.as既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可在定语从句中可作作主语主语、宾语或表语宾语或表语。它常它常用用在在 the sameas，such.as.等结等结构中构中as不能不能省略省略。Such reasons _we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.Ill buy the sam

14、e dictionary_ you have.as as定语从句定语从句的的关系代词关系代词1.当先行词被当先行词被 the same修饰时修饰时，也可也可用用that引导定语从句引导定语从句但指但指同一物同一物，而不是同一类而不是同一类。This is the same bike_ l lost two months ago这就是两个月前我丢这就是两个月前我丢的的一辆自行车一辆自行车。This is the same bike _l lost two months ago这辆自行跟两个月前我丢这辆自行跟两个月前我丢的的那辆一那辆一样。样。误区警示误区警示thatas(同一辆同一辆)(同同样的

15、样的自行车自行车，但不是同一辆但不是同一辆)2.as引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句，代替代替整个主句整个主句的的内容内容。从句从句可放在可放在主句前主句前、主句后主句后或或主句中间主句中间。As you know,she is a stubborn girl,and I cant persuade her to change her mind.asas引导非限制性定语从句常引导非限制性定语从句常用的用的固定表达：固定表达：as we all know 众所周知众所周知as is well known 众所周知众所周知as you can see 如你所见如你所见as is menti

16、oned above 如上所述如上所述as often happens 正如经常发生正如经常发生的的那那样样as I can remember 正如我所记得正如我所记得的的as was expected 正如预料正如预料的的那那样样as is often the case 情况常常是这情况常常是这样样定语从句定语从句的的关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词先行词先行词在从句所做的成分在从句所做的成分 人人、物物主语主语、宾语宾语宾语宾语人人、物物定语定语thatwhichWho WhomwhoseasShow time物物人人人人人人、物物主语主语、宾语宾语，表语表语主语主语、宾语宾语主语主语、宾

17、语宾语，表语表语1.当先行词被当先行词被序数词或形容词最高序数词或形容词最高级级修饰时修饰时。The first thing _you should do is call the police right away.This is the most delicious food _ I have ever had.2.当先行词是当先行词是all，any，little，few，much，everanything,nothing，none等等不定代词或被这些词修饰时不定代词或被这些词修饰时。All _can be done has been done.Tell me everything _ yo

18、u knowPlease send us any information _you have about the subject.that that that that that 1.宜宜用用that就不宜就不宜用用 which引导定语从句引导定语从句的的情况情况特殊：特殊：3.当先行词被由当先行词被由 the only,the very,the last 等等修饰时修饰时。The only thing_ she could do was to go to the Police for help.This is the very book _I want to buy.4.当先行词既包括人又包

19、括物时当先行词既包括人又包括物时。Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things _upset us.that that that 1.宜宜用用that就不宜就不宜用用 which引导定语从句引导定语从句的的情况情况5.当主句是以当主句是以who或者或者 which开头开头的的特殊疑问句时特殊疑问句时。Which of the books _ you bought is the most useful for my writing?你买你买的的书中哪一书中哪一本本对我对我的的写写作作最有最有用用?1.宜宜用用that就不宜就不宜用用 whic

20、h引导定语从句引导定语从句的的情况情况that 2.宜宜用用 which不宜不宜用用that引导定语从句引导定语从句的的情况情况1.引导非限定性定语从句（前有逗号）时引导非限定性定语从句（前有逗号）时Football,_is an interesting game,is very popular all over the world足球是一项有趣足球是一项有趣的的运动运动，在全世界非常受欢迎在全世界非常受欢迎。2.当关系代词前有介词时当关系代词前有介词时。This is the house in _ Mo Yan once lived这就是莫言曾经住过这就是莫言曾经住过的的房子房子。which

21、which特殊：特殊：定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据_的形式确定的形式确定.The old town has narrow streets and small houses that_ built close to each other.旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近Im fond of that Piece of music which _popular with the teenage.我喜欢在青少年中流行的那支曲子。我喜欢在青

22、少年中流行的那支曲子。先行词先行词are is 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致 One of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句(复数谓语复数谓语)the only one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句(单数谓语单数谓语)2He is one of the students who_ a good command of French.他是精通他是精通法语法语的学的学生之生之。(the students为先行词为先行词)He is the only one of the students who_ a good command of French.他是他是学学生中唯一精通法

23、语生中唯一精通法语的。的。(the only one为为 先行词先行词)havehas1)The Tangshan earthquake is a terrible experience that my grandma cannot forget.2)The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.3)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.4)

24、A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.P52-11.Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom,or/Then translate the sentences into Chinese.1)Here are some of the people_homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2)The terrible shaking of the building woke up all

25、the people _were asleep.3)The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything_they could find.4)Several days later,most of the buildings _had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.Exercise P52-2that或或whichthat或或/who或或thatwhose5)The injured boy_mother was lost in the disaster was

26、 taken to the hospital.6)The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _she was resuced.7)Is this the young boy_saved several other students trapped under buildings?who或或thatwhomwhose 1.S h e a n d h e r f a m i l y b i c y c l e t o w o r k，_helps them keep fit(2018北京卷北京卷)2.Kate,_sister I sh

27、ared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia(2018天津卷天津卷)3.During the rosy years of elementary school,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，_allowed me to keep my high social status.(2019全国全国I卷卷)高考链接高考链接whichwhichwhose4.The little problems_we meet in our daily lives maybe ins

28、pirations for great inventions.(2017北京北京卷卷)5,But Sarah,_has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well asbeauty.(2017全国全国卷卷)6.Like anything,it is possible to have too much fat and salt,_is not good for the health.(2017全国卷全国卷)thatwhichwhoXIAO QING XIN适用于工作汇报、

29、总结计划、教育教学等高考链接高考链接1.(2019全国卷全国卷改编改编)They were well trained by their masters_had great experience with caring for these animals.2.(2019浙江卷改编浙江卷改编)A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge(边缘边缘)of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth_gives off light in the dark.3.(2018北

30、京卷改编北京卷改编)She and her family bicycle to work,_helps them keep fit.4.(2018浙江卷改编浙江卷改编)Many westerners_come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.whothatwhichwho5.(2017天津卷改天津卷改编编)My eldest son,_work takes him all over the world,is in New Yo

31、rk at the moment.6.(2017北京卷改北京卷改编编)The little problems_we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.7.(2017全国卷全国卷改改编编)In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,_ is on the rooftop of their house.8.(2017全国卷全国卷改改编编)Around me in the picture ar

32、e the little things_were very important in my life at that time:car,magazines and musical instruments.whosethatwhichthat9.(2017全国卷全国卷改改编编)But sarah,_has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her education.10.

33、Please send us all the information_you have about the candidate for the position.11.(2019北京模拟北京模拟)Oct.lst,_is our National Day,is always celebrated with singing and dancing.12.(2017江苏卷改江苏卷改编编)ln1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of_ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.whothatwhi

34、chwhoseXIAO QING XIN适用于工作汇报、总结计划、教育教学等翻译句子翻译句子(英译汉英译汉)1)Here are some of the people whose homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2)The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people who were asleep.3)The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything that they could find.4)Seve

35、ral days later,most of the buildings that had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5)The injured boy whose mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6)The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by whom she was resuced.7)Is this the young boy who saved several other students trapped under buildings?XIAO QING XIN感谢观看感谢观看