Unit4 natural disasters words单词讲解(ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、重重难难点点词词精精讲讲damage,destroy,ruin精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义辨析义辨析义affect,effect辨析义辨析义flood一词多一词多义义suffer survive一词多义一词多义shock一词多一词多义义trap一词多一词多义义power辨析义辨析义精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义辨析义辨析义calmcrash一词多一词多义义 strike一词多义一词多义deliver一词多义一词多义一词多义一词多义英语释义英语释义一：词汇巩固一：词汇巩固1.Tom rescued a cat _ the river on his way home.2.The mother,alo

2、ng with her two children,_(rescue)from the sinking boat by a passing ship.3.When we were trapped in ruins,the soldiers _(赶来救援）.1.rescuefromwas rescuedcame to our rescuea rescue team 救援队Period I Listening and Speaking 2.damage/destorydestroydamage“被雨水毁了的头发被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？，用哪个词呢？The rain ruined my hai

3、r.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。在这里，理解英语释义理解英语释义也很重要。destroy:to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists ruin:to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.小结运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage,destroy和和ruin。damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；dest

4、roy 侧重“毁毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；ruin 侧重“毁坏毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此 物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。选词填空（选词填空（damage/destory/ruin)1).You have _ my bike;youd better get it repaired.2).My car was _ in an accident,so I have

5、 to buy a new one.3).To our disappointment,the bad weather _ our trip.4).The accident caused some _ to my car,but its nothing serious.damageddestroyedruineddamage1).The problem is clear:man has done/caused great damage _ his home over the years.2).He was ordered to pay damages of$30,000.3).Dont dama

6、ge your health for a good figure.to(pl)赔偿金翻译：翻译：Dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.If she loses the court case it will ruin her.the ruin of civilization the ruins of Rome ruin in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：成废墟；严重受损：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.C 常用复数常用复数 废墟；遗迹；残余废墟；遗迹；残余

7、be/lie in ruinsfall in/into ruinreduce.to ruinsruin ones health/fame/futureruin sth./sb.They were reduced to begging in the streets.affect1).With the governments aid,those(who were)affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.2).She was deeply affected by the story.3).Diseases affect

8、 almost everyone at some time during their lives.影响影响 to influence sb/sth：（基本义）基本义）常用于被动语态常用于被动语态 使感动；打动：使感动；打动：=be moved 使感染（疾病）使感染（疾病）have an effect on.bring/put.into effect 实施；实行in effect 在实施中；有效：实际上；事实上：take effect 生效(come into effect)；起作用：side effect 副作用effectDoes television affect childrens be

9、haviour?Does television have an effect on childrens behaviour?选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。(affect,effect)1.I tried to persuade him,but with little or no _.2.When I was 50,my weight problem began to _ me seriously.（2017 天津改）【金句金句】Global warming is _(对产生巨大的影响)hundreds of plant and animal speci

10、es around the world.（2012 四川）effectaffect having a great effect on shelter1).We should find a shelter _ the wind.2).They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.3).Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sand storms.4).We sat in the shade,_(shelter)from the sun.5).Food,clothing,fu

11、el and shelter are the four most basic human needs.食品，衣物，燃料和住所是人类的四种需求。fromtake shelter from.躲避.在.庇护下shelteringshelter.from 保护.免受.伤害shelter from.躲避.一：优化探究词汇巩固一：优化探究词汇巩固shockPeriodII Reading and Thinking1).I looked at him _ shock,waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.2).She w

12、as taken to hospital suffering from shock.(翻译）3).culture shock 文化冲击4).People were _(shock)to see that the little girl was oftemn beaten by her stepmother.The _(shock)news _(shock)all the people around,which was also _ shock to her father who was working abroad.inshockedshockingshockeda trap n C set/

13、lay/place a trap for mice fall into/get out of a trap Some people feel that marriage is a trap.牢笼；困境：1._(trap)in the heavy traffic,we had to wait and might be late for the meeting.2.He dug a hole on the ground _(trap)a rabbit.3.A trap _(set)last night causes trouble to ourselves now.4.Because of the

14、 greenhouse effect,the earth is warmed by gases _(trap)in the atmosphere.set/lay/place a trap for mice 设夹子捉老鼠fall into/get out of a trap 落入/摆脱圈套be trapped in 被困住，陷入.Trappedto trapsettrapped留存/储存（气体/水)bury v.埋藏，掩埋1._(bury)in reading the book in hand,he didnt notice a little girl _(bury)her face in he

15、r hands until the sound of sobbing flowed into his ears.When asked why she was crying,she said she couldnt find the stone previously _(bury)under the tree.Buriedburyingburied3._(bury)in doing homework,he didnt notice a dog coming in.Buriedbury ones face in ones hands 掩面而泣2.The bird landed on the san

16、d,_(bury)its head in it.buryingeffort（维词P148)She puts her time and effort into her business,and into helping others.精力the international relief effortin an effort do do sth.make an effort to do sth.make every effort to do sth.spare no effort(s)to do sth.救济行动 The environmental challenges are significa

17、nt but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.(2019 全国完形)_ Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.(2019 北京补全文章)_努力努力努力努力 Christian _(费了很大劲儿)to take down the umbrella.(2013 四川阅读)_(为了为了)prevent langu

18、age loss,scholars from a number of organizations UNESCO and National Geograpic among them have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.(2014 全国阅读)Parents arrange everything for their children and _(不遗余力不遗余力)to pave the way for their success.(2013 福建书面表达)In an ef

19、fort tomade much effortspare no effort vi&vt 患(病);(因疾病)受苦 to experience physical or mental pain：suffer(from)a heart attack vi&vt 遭受（困难等)to experience and be badly affected by sth：suffer(from)defeat/loss/pain/hardshipYou will suffer one day for your carelessness.vi 变差；变糟变差；变糟 to become worse：His scho

20、ol work is suffering because of family problems.suffer vas if 后接从句，如果与事实相反，则需要用虚拟语气。后接从句，如果与事实相反，则需要用虚拟语气。感知：感知：(1)It is warm outside today in Noverber.It looks as if it were in Spring.(2)He acted as if he had known the fact.(3)He stands up as if he would say something.对现在的虚拟，从句中用一般过去时。对现在的虚拟，从句中用一般

21、过去时。be-_,实义动词用实义动词用_。对过去的虚拟，从句中用对过去的虚拟，从句中用_(_).对将来的虚拟，从句中用对将来的虚拟，从句中用 _.were一般过去式一般过去式过去完成时过去完成时had donewould/could+动词原形动词原形 as if 似乎，好像【相关训练】【相关训练】1.It becomes dark suddenly.It looks as if it _ rain soon.2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _(be)broken.3.They acted as if

22、 they _(be)friends for years.4.He,a boy in a rich family,talked as if he _(suffer)a lot.5.She cries as if she _(leave)her motherland soon.6.He put his arms around his head as if _(defend).willwerehad beenhad sufferedwould leaveto defendsupplyWater is in short supply.supply and demand cut off the ele

23、ctricity supplyschool/medical/relief supplies 供应量；供应(pl)生活必需品；补给品There is no need to worry.We will supply whatever you need _ you.tosupply sth.to sb.provide sth.for/to sb.supply/provide sb.with sth.Period IVpower n U 能力；可用复数（生理）机能：I will do everything in my power to help you.U 力量；威力：Every storm is a

24、n example of the power of nature.U 控制力；影响力：Once you are confident about your power over bad situations,problems are just stepping stones to success.2010 广东 U 统治；政权：The party came to power at the last election.U 权力；职权：More than fame or fortune,she wanted power.C 大国；强国：world powers U 动力；电力；功率：动力；电力；功率

25、：wind/nuclear/solar power 名词动词化名词动词化 vt 驱动；推动：驱动；推动：The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.【词汇拓展词汇拓展】powerful adj 强壮的；强健的：强壮的；强健的：a powerful body 强大的；有权势的：强大的；有权势的：Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.作用大的；效力大的作用大的；效力大的 having a strong effect：Good teamwork is a powerful tool

26、(=very effective method)for effective management.powerfully adv 强有力地强有力地have the power to do sth.do everything in ones power to do sth.beyond/out of ones powerwithin ones powerlose powerin powercome to powerpowerful（天气、海洋等天气、海洋等）平静的：平静的：The weather was fine and the lake was calm.外研-6（人人）镇静的；沉着的：镇静的；

27、沉着的：If you are lost in the mountains,stay/keep calm in the face of darkness,loneliness,and the unknown.vt&vi（使使）平静；平静下来平静；平静下来calm down（使使）平静下来平静下来；（使使）镇静下来镇静下来：I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.Try to calm the children down;theyre too noisy.calm adj to stop feeling upset,ang

28、ry oexcited侧重not nervous“不紧张”aiddo/offer/perform/carry out first aid to sb.in aid of with the aid of sb.=with sbs aidaid sb.in(doing)sth.aid sb.with sth.aid sb.to do sth.1).First aid,if _(carry)out correctly,can save a persons life.2).(翻译)A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.3

29、).(翻译)We will come to your aid if necessary.4).(翻译)我们帮助这位老人买了一些日常用品。We aided the old man _ some necessities.We aided the old man _ some necessities.carriedn.辅助工具hearing aid 助听器/teaching aid 教学辅助工具帮助某人in buyingto buy猜测猜测“strike”在各句中的含义（在各句中的含义（420）1.The boy fell,striking his head on the edge of the t

30、able.打;撞击2.Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods.(疾病,自然灾害等)突然降临;突然袭击3.It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.突然想起/想到4.1)We were struck by her kindness.2)What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.打动；给.以印象5.The church clock began to strike twelve.(时钟等

31、)敲响;报(时)It hit/strike/occur to sb that.6.(翻译)Armies and doctors were sent to the earth-stricken area to offer aid.7.(翻译)He listed some striking numbers of the injured,which took our breath away.地震灾区adj.惊人的，引人注意的slide vt._(slid-slid)n._;_(1)I saw a man _(slide)on a banana skin.(2)He _(slide)into a ro

32、om last night.(3)(翻译)It was sad that the patient was on the slide.Maybe he would not survive the Spring._(4)Many children are playing on the slide in the kindergarden._ (5)(翻译)our teachers always use _(slide)in the class.滑，滑动滑，滑动滑动，滑梯滑动，滑梯幻灯片幻灯片slideslid每况愈下每况愈下滑梯滑梯slides补充词汇floodThe river is in flo

33、od(=has more water in it than normal and has caused a flood).河水泛滥河水泛滥The shop received a flood of complaints from customers.Heavy rainfalls flooded the village.（被）淹没；（使）泛滥被）淹没；（使）泛滥Individual e-mail boxes are sometimes flooded with span e-mails.(洪水般的）涌进（洪水般的）涌进（pour)When we visited my old family hom

34、e,memory came _(flood)back.flooding2.erupt vi.(火山，喷泉等火山，喷泉等)喷发；喷发；(战争，感情等战争，感情等)爆发；爆发；.突然发突然发生生【相关训练】【相关训练】(1)The volcano _(erupt)last night killed a great number of people.(2)His anger _(erupt)when he knew he didnt pass the exam.(3)(翻译翻译)The eruption of joy from a group of children made many people

35、 stop their steps.eruptingerupted3.survive vi&vt 熬过，挺过熬过，挺过 vi.保存下来保存下来 vt.比比.活得长活得长【相关训练】【相关训练】翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：(1)She survived her husband by ten years.(2)Her parents died in the accident,but she survived.(3)He had spent years surviving on little money,spending all her time writing.(4)Some old custom

36、s have survived into the present.(5)These _(survive)were struggling for their _(survive).比比.活得长活得长存活存活靠靠.存活存活保存下来保存下来survivorssurvival4.on hand/at hand/in hands/by hand【相关知识】【相关知识】on hand 在手头；现有；在场，到场在手头；现有；在场，到场(ready/close)at hand 近在手边；即将到来近在手边；即将到来/in hands 在手中；在手中；在控制中在控制中/by hand 用手工用手工/on(the)

37、one hand.on the other hand.一方面一方面.另一方面另一方面.hand in 上交上交/hand out 分发分发/hand over 移交移交/hand down 传承传承【相关训练】【相关训练】(1)(改错改错)When he met strangers,he always shook hand with them.(2)(翻译翻译)The hour hand in the clock is the shortest.(3)(翻译翻译)Our athletes beat others hands down in the game._hands时针时针打败某人打败某人

38、用用hand的搭配填空。的搭配填空。(1)The holiday is close _.We had better prepare for it from now on.(2)Good customs should _ from one generation to another.(3)Please _ your homework on arriving at the school.(4)The volunteers were _ food to the poor on the street.(5)He decided to retire.So he must _ his work to an

39、other man before leaving.(6)With strong evidence(证据证据)_,the lawyer proved the man was innocent(无罪的无罪的).(7)Traditional clothes,always made _,is popular with people.at handbe handed downhand inhanding outhand overin hands/on handby hand5.crash vt.发出碰撞声；发出碰撞声；(使飞机使飞机)坠毁坠毁;(使汽车使汽车)猛撞；猛撞；(公司等公司等)倒闭；倒闭；(股

40、股票票)暴跌；暴跌；(计算机计算机)死机死机n.碰撞声碰撞声(常用单数常用单数);碰撞事件，飞机坠毁；暴跌，计算机崩溃碰撞事件，飞机坠毁；暴跌，计算机崩溃【翻译】【翻译】(1)The plates crashed to the floor.(2)She stormed out of the room,crashing the door shut behind her.(3)The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.(4)He crashed into other youth and they both landed on the groun

41、d.(5)The company crashed with debt of 2 million.(6)The computers that we use at the moment are old and slow,and they often crash.(7)All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.6.deliver vt/vi.递送，传送；发表演讲；接生，使分娩递送，传送；发表演讲；接生，使分娩 delivery n.递送；分娩递送；分娩【相关训练】【相关训练】(1)I usually have fast food _(deli

42、ver)to my office.(2)The man _(deliver)a speech was our headmaster.(3)Every year,there are around 3000000 babies _(deliver)all over the world.(4)(翻译翻译)Every morning,the delivery man appears in front of our house.delivereddeliver sth 递送某物递送某物deliveringdeliver a speech 发表演讲发表演讲delivereddeliver a baby 接生小孩接生小孩送货员送货员