Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句(ppt课件) -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、定语从句学习指导：注意先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。1.1 定语从句的先行词和关系词 在复合句中作定语，修饰名在复合句中作定语，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫做词、代词或整个句子的从句叫做定语。从句定语从句在句中的作定语。从句定语从句在句中的作用相当于用相当于形容词形容词。被定语从句修被定语从句修饰的部分叫做饰的部分叫做先行词先行词，(之所以之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后记先行定语从句总是放在它之后记先行词总出现在定语从句之前词总出现在定语从句之前)。引。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。导定语

2、从句的词叫做关系词。定义1.2 定语从句的先行词先行词 定语从句的先行词。定语从句的先行词可以是指人物，定语从句的先行词。定语从句的先行词可以是指人物，时间，地点，原因等的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子。时间，地点，原因等的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子。The boys who are playing football are from class one。正在踢足球的那些男孩是一班的。(指人)Basketball is a game which is liked by most boys。篮球是一项被大多数男孩子都喜欢的运动。(指物)I still remember the day when

3、I first met her。我还记得第一次见他的那一天。（指时间）1.2 定语从句的先行词先行词The school where I studied for only two years was 3 kilometers away from my home。我仅在那里读过两年书的学校，离我家有三千米远。（指地点）I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today。我不知道他今天看上去不高兴的原因。（原因）The naughty boy upstairs always makes much noise,which makes me very a

4、nnoyed。楼上那个顽皮的男孩总是弄出很大的动静，这让我很烦。（指整个主句）1.3 定语从句的关系词关系词 定语从句的关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词关系。关系代词中指人的有who、whom、that、whose、指物的有that、which、whose。关系副词有指时间的when,指地点的where,指原因的why,另外as也可作关系代词引导定语从句。There are some films(that)Id like to see.有几部电影我想去看。Gui lin is a city which has a history of two thousand years.桂林是一个具有两千年历

5、史的城市，1.3 定语从句的关系词关系词Mrs Smith（whom）you met yesterday is a friend of mine。你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.没有人想要这个屋顶已倒塌的房子。October 1，1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.一九四九年十月一日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。1.3 定语从句的关系词关系词Is this the room where we were

6、 living last winter。这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗The reason why he said that its quite clear。他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。We jumped for joy at the news，as was natural。我们听到这个消息时高兴的跳了起来，这是很自然的事情.2.1 限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约的作用，与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意会不完整。先行词先行词作用作用主语宾语定语及物动词宾语或没被提前的介词宾语被提前的介词宾语指人

7、who/that,aswho/whom/that,as介词+whomwhose/of whom指物which/that,asthat/which,as介词+whichwhose/of which1、关于先行词，指人且在定语从句中做主语，需用who/that引导且不能省略。Mo Zi was another teacher who was very influential。墨子是另一位很有影响力的老师。The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as seen。电视制作人打算找四位技能唱歌又

8、能表演的乐手。She is the girl who/that lives next door。她就是住在隔壁的女孩。2、先行词指物，且在定语从句中作主语，需用that/which引导且不能省略。There are still two other sharks which are fierce.还有其他两种凶猛的鲨鱼。The work that/which has just been finished is very important.刚刚完成的那份工作很重要.3、先行词指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，用that/which引导且能省略。There his parents bought a ca

9、ndy store（which）they run for the next 40 or so years.在那儿他的父母买了一家糖果店之后，一直经营了四十年。There are many things（that）everyone can do to help stop desertification。每个人都可以做很多事情来防止沙漠化。4、先行词指人且在定语从句中作宾语，用that/whom/who引导且可省略。ChenZiJiang is a paper-cuting expert(whom)I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art.陈子江是一位

10、立剪纸专家，我为了写论中国艺术这篇文章采访过他。5、先行词指人且在定语从句中作定语语，用whose/of whom/of which引导。Workers built shelters for survwvors whose homes had been destroyed.工作人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.=This is the scientist,the achievements of whom are well known.=This is the scientist

11、,of whom the achievements are well known.这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。This is the house whose window broke last night.=This is the house，the window of which group last night.=This is the house，of which the window broke last night。这就是昨晚窗户破碎的那个房子6、as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式，such+名词+as.，像.一样的，像.之类的 such+as.，像.一样的，像.之类的 the s

12、ame+名词+as.和.一样的we have found such materials as are used in this factory，我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as在从句中做主语)I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书，(as在从句中作宾语)关系代词TIPS:关系代词as即可指人，也可指物，在从句中做主语或宾语。2.2 非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法 非限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词起限制、修饰的作用，如果省略不会影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语

13、从句。先行词先行词作用作用主语宾语定语及物动词宾语被提前的介词宾语指人who,aswho/whom,as介词+whomwhose/of whom指物which,aswhich,as介词+whichwhose/of which句子 which/as1、关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。I want to buy a dictionary，which is valuable to my learning，我想买本词典。词典对我的学习很有用。2、who（主语、宾语）whose（宾语），which（主语、宾语）不能用that代替。This is New York，which I have visited

14、 several times。这就是纽约，我参观这里好几次了3、which引导的非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词也可以是一个句子。He was late again，which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了，这使老师很不高兴。4、关系代词as也可引导非限制定语从句，先行词为句子，as在从句中作主语或宾语。As we all know，Chinese is a developing country.众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。(as在从句中作宾语)As is known to us，all China is in the east of Asia

15、 众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。（as在从句中作主语）练习：The little problem we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great invitations.My eldest son，work takes home all over the world，is in New York at the moment.Simon is a comedian and actor has 10 years experience of teaching comedy.The number of smokers,reported,has dropped by 17%in just one year.If the earth is poisoned,the water,the food and the animals will be poisoned,means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too.which/thatwhosewho/thataswhich