Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元核心词汇突破(ppt课件) -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS单元核心词汇突破单元核心词汇突破核心词汇突破核心词汇突破1.damage vt.损害;破坏n.损害;损失单句填空After he retired,the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from(damage).The accident caused some damage my car,but its nothing serious.being damagedto一句多译众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。As we all know,smoking can.(damage n.

2、)It is well known that smoking can.(damage vt.)do/cause damage to our healthdamage our health【归纳】(1)be badly/seriously damaged严重受损be slightly damaged轻微受损damage ones health损害某人的健康(2)do/cause damage to.对造成损害/破坏brain/liver damage脑损伤/肝损伤serious/minor damage严重的/轻微的损伤2.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动单句填空The floo

3、d(affect)the area greatly,destroying houses and causing many deaths.Affected a high fever,he continued with his work.Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have an effect you most deeply.affectedwithon/upon【归纳】(1)be affected by受的影响;被感动be affected with感染疾病(2)effect n.影响;结果;效果have an effe

4、ct/influence on/upon对产生影响(3)affection n.喜爱3.ruin n.&vt.破坏;毁坏单句填空With time going on,the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely ruins.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _(reduce)to ruins,the city took on a new look.句式升级He made a mistake,which ruined his chance of goi

5、ng abroad.(用现在分词作状语改写)He made a mistake,.inbeing reducedruining his chance of going abroad【归纳】(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己;自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途4.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊单句填空Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock,he called 911

6、 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.The survivors lay on the beach,exhausted and(shock).His not passing the final exam was great shock to his parents.I was shocked(hear)that our factory would have to close.inshockedato hear一句多译这一消息令公众震惊,引起了人们对学生在校安全的极大关注。The news,leading to gr

7、eat concern about students safety at school.(shocked adj.)The news,leading to great concern about students safety at school.(shock vt.)made the public shockedshocked the public【归纳】(1)be a shock to.对而言是一件震惊的事in shock吃惊地,震惊地(2)shocked adj.感到震惊的be shocked at sth/that.对感到震惊be shocked to do sth因做某事而感到震惊(

8、3)shocking adj.令人震惊的5.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱单句填空A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.If you choose this way,youre likely to fall/walk into trap.句式升级Though she was trapped in the ruins,the girl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued.,the g

9、irl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued.(用过去分词作状语改写)had been trappedaTrapped in the ruins【归纳】(1)fall/walk into a trap落入圈套lay/set a trap for.为设下圈套fall into the trap of doing sth落入做某事的陷阱(2)be trapped in.陷入trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事6.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;使沉浸;使专心单句填空After the volcanic eruption,many

10、houses(bury)by ashes.Youll never solve your problems if you just bury your head the sand.I wandered into the dining room and found you(bury)in piles of books.were buriedinburied一句多译由于埋头于功课,他对外面的事情一无所知。,he knew nothing about the outside world.,he knew nothing about the outside world.Burying himself i

11、n his lessonsBuried in his lessons【归纳】bury.in.把埋到里;使沉浸于bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面 7.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力单句填空Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort(pave)the way for their success.I dislike people who dont make effort.The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort

12、(save)money.to paveanto save一句多译我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。Well you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(best)Well you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort)try/do our best to helpmake an effort to help/spare no effort to help【归纳】with great effor

13、t努力without effort毫不费力地in an effort to do sth为了做某事spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事make every effort to do sth尽全力做某事make an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事8.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦单句填空People of the disaster area suffered a lot the typhoon,and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.The

14、 old man is said to have gone through varieties of(suffer)during the war.Mary(suffer)from ill health at the moment.fromsufferingsis suffering句式升级John has suffered from lung cancer for many years.He has decided to give up smoking.,John has decided to give up smoking.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Having suffered from

15、 lung cancer for many years【归纳】(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏suffer from 受折磨;患病(2)suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事(3)sufferer n.受难者;患病者9.supply n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品vt.供应;供给单句填空Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes large supply of baby food with her.Id like to know the reason

16、why the milk is short supply in this area now.Food(supply)in the flood-stricken area are running out.ainsupplies一句多译没有必要担心,我们可以提供你需要的任何东西。There is no need to worry.We can .There is no need to worry.We can .supply you with whatever you needsupply whatever you need to you【归纳】(1)in short supply短缺have a

17、 good supply of.备有许多(2)supply sth to sb为某人提供某物supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物(1)supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies。(2)表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:provide sb with sth=provide sth for sboffer sb sth=offer sth to sb10.survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过单句填空The local governments made great efforts to build shelters for people

18、who(survive)the hurricane.None of these seems to have much chance of(survive).As far as I know,the old lady survived her husband 5 years.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no _(survive).survivedsurvivalbysurvivors【归纳】(1)survive sth幸免于;从中挺过来/活过来survive on依靠生存下来A survive B(by.)A比B

19、活得长()(2)survival n.U幸存;C残存物(3)survivor n.幸存者;生还者survive 表示“幸免于”时,是及物动词,因而不需要加多余的介词。11.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)单句填空The emergency services were hand with medical advice.Write hand or type on a single sheet of paper.Though Smith did get her(hand)on the best sand.完成句子俗话说,成功与失败如影随形。As the saying goes,success and

20、 failure always go.onbyhandshand in hand【归纳】at hand 在手边;即将到来by hand 用手;靠人工give/lend sb a hand 帮助某人get ones hands on 找到hand in hand 手拉手on(the)one hand;on the other hand一方面;另一方面12.strike vt.&vi.(struck,struck)击打;罢工;时钟等敲响;擦火柴);撞击;侵袭;给某人以印象;突然想起写出加黑词的含义A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing

21、hundreds of people.The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.突然袭击撞击罢工(钟)报时一句多译John突然想起,他们可以帮助 Bernard为他的爆米花做广告。they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(strike)

22、they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(hit)they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(occur)It struck John thatIt hit John thatIt occurred to John that【归纳】(1)be struck with/by为所袭击/感动It strikes sb that.某人突然想到strike.into ones heart使某人刻骨铭心(2)be on strike 在罢工go on strike举行罢工表示“突然想到”的单词还有hit,occur。