2015年南京航空航天大学考研专业课试题620基础英语.pdf

1、科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 1 页 共 13 页 南京航空航天大学南京航空航天大学2015 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A 卷）2015 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A 卷）科目代码:620 科目名称:基础英语 满分:150 分 注意:认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I.Vocabulary(20 points)A.Choose the word or phra

2、se marked A,B,C,and D to best correspond to the word above.Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.(10 points)1.stupendous a)astonishingly large b)surprisingly stupid c)astonishingly small d)surprisingly heady 2.scamper a)jog b)scurry c)saunter d)stroll 3.cataract a)stream b)water flow

3、 c)deluge d)river 4.derelict a)forsaken b)foretold c)forbidden d)foreseen 5.idyllic a)worshipping b)blissfully peaceful and happy c)worshipped d)happy and pleasant 6.adversary a)opponent b)adherent c)proponent d)adviser 7.rendezvous a)place for a fight b)place for a tour c)place for a drink d)place

4、for a meeting 8.modulate a)vary the length b)vary the height c)vary the intensity d)vary the width 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 2 页 共 13 页 9.deity a)devil b)demon c)god or goddess d)ghost 10.belligerent a)hostile b)awesome c)aggressive d)pugnacious B.Directions:Explain the italicized words in the following

5、sentences with simple,everyday words or expressions in English.Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet.(10 points)1.Shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods collect in the same area,so that purchasers can know where to find them.2.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the th

6、reshold of their native land,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.3.It is the existence of the child,and their knowledge of its existence that makes possible the poignancy of their music.4.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,uncompromisingly inimical to m

7、an,had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.5.I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing-ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day.6.On the river,Twain found the ultimate expression of escape from lifes regularities and the energy-sapping clamor

8、for success.7.Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere.8.Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.9.This is why the spread of technology makes the world look ever more homogeneous.10.I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic catacl

9、ysm.II.Cloze(20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the required word on the answer sheet.(10 points)In the midst of a glorious summer day,I returned home to find my husband 1 ,legs dangling off our bed,looking for the world as 2 he ha

10、d lost his best friend.In a way,he had.When queried about his mood,he simply 3 ,“Everybody hates me.”We had been experiencing 4 of those weeks as parents when nobody understands the language youre speaking and it was taking 5 toll!My husband is not prone 6 moodiness,or worrying too much about 7 like

11、s him and who doesnt.The military taught him that 8 over the course of more than twenty 9.His last assignment in the military was 10 a Company Commander training recruits in the basic rudiments of the military way.This particular 11 demands a no nonsense style of authority and discipline and he 12 t

12、his well.Why then were a few 13 giving him so many problems?While doing his job,Paul understood that recruits are not supposed to 14 you when doing your job well-one of the qualities that 15 him outstanding at his job.Unfortunately,Paul,like most 16 parents,expects to discipline their children and h

13、ave 17 like us;not only 18 that expectation 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 3 页 共 13 页 unrealistic,it can make us terribly ineffective at our jobs as parents.In the long 19 ,it is the guideline we lay down for children 20 cultivates a lasting love,respect and security as they grow.B.Fill in each blank with a p

14、roper word from the following box.Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet.(10 points)action applying athletic backwards biomechanic case date difference dubbed element ever filled ideal later limb received recording relatively resourcefulness strongly One of

15、 the most important new methodologies is biomechanics,the study of the body in motion.A 1 films an athlete in 2 and then digitizes her performance,3 the motion of every joint and 4 in three dimensions.By 5 Newtons law to these motions,we can say that this athletes run is not fast enough;that he is n

16、ot using his arms 6 enough during take-off,says Dapena,who uses these methods to help high jumpers.To 7 ,however,biomechanics has made only a small 8 to athletic performance.Revolutionary ideas still come from the athletes themselves.For example,during the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City,a 9 unknown hi

17、gh jumper named Dick Fosbury won the gold by going over the bar 10 ,in complete contradiction of all the 11 high-jumping wisdom,a move instantly 12 the Fosbury flop.Fosbury himself did not know what he was doing.That understanding took the 13 analysis of biomechanics specialists,who put their minds

18、to comprehending something that was too complex and unorthodox 14 to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations.Fosbury also required another 15 that lies behind many improvements in 16 performance:an innovation in athletic equipment.In Fosburys 17 ,it was the cushions that jumper

19、s land on.Traditionally,high jumpers would land in pits 18 with sawdust.But by Fosburys time,sawdust pits had been replaced by soft foam cushions,19 for flopping.In the end,most people who examine human performance are humbled by the 20 of athletes and the powers of the human body.III.Error correcti

20、on(20 points)Directions:There are twenty mistakes in the following passage.You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected.Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Example:“Wordsworth is said to have most fascinating voice!”the In modern times law is requi

21、red by any society for its steadily development.1 And law develops with society evolves.But what is law?2 Law is a body of official rules and regulations,general found in constitutions,3 legislation,judicial opinions,and like.Law is used to govern a society and 4 controlling the behavior of its memb

22、ers.The nature and functions of law 5 are varied throughout history.In modern societies,some authorized body such as 6 a legislature or a court make the law.It is backed by the coercive power of the 7 state,which enforces the law by mean of appropriate penalties or remedies.8 Formal legal rules and

23、actions are usually distinguished by other means of 9 social control and guides for behave such as mores,morality,public opinion,and 10 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 4 页 共 13 页 custom or tradition.Of course,a lawmaker may respond public opinion or other 11 pressures,and a formal law may prohibit which is mor

24、ally unacceptable.12 Law serves the variety of functions.Laws against crimes,for example,help to 13 maintain a peacefully,orderly,relatively stable society.Courts contribute to social 14 stability by resolving disputes in a civilize fashion.Property and contract laws 15 facilitate business activitie

25、s and private planning.Laws limited the powers of 16 government help to provide some degree of freedom that will not otherwise be 17 possible.Law has also being used as a mechanism for social change;for instance,18 at various times laws have been passing to inhibit social discrimination and to 19 im

26、prove the quality of individual life in matter of health,education,and welfare.20 IV.Paraphrase（30 points）Directions:Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning.Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1.They narrow down their choice and begin

27、the really serious business of beating the price down.2.We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earths natural systems.3.Let us redouble our exertions,and strike with united strength while life and power remain.4.He became obsessed with the frailties of the human race.5.Lexicography,like God,is no

28、 respecter of persons.6.The developing nations are bent on taking over the lions share of the trade.7.On certain levels of the American race there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly.8.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.9.It is going to pay off in cold

29、 dollars and cents to management.10.Science has thus undermined an article of faith:the thingliness of things.V.General Knowledge(20 points)a.Directions:Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1.The sentence structure is _.A.only linear B.only hierarchical C.complex D.

30、both linear and hierarchical 2.Macbeth,Hamlet,King Lear and _ are categorized as“Four tragedies”by William Shakespeare.A.Romeo and Juliet B.Alls Well That Ends Well C.Othello D.The Tempest 3.“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.”This statement represents _.科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 5 页 共 13 页 A.

31、the conceptualist view B.contextualism C.the naming theory D.behaviorism 4.Which one is NOT the characteristic of neoclassicism?A.rationality B.imagination C.restraint D.order 5.“Can I borrow your bike?”_“You have a bike”.A.is synonymous with B.is consistent with C.entails D.presupposes 6._,the auth

32、or of The Sketch Book,is often called“the father of American literature.”A.Washington Irving B.Nathaniel Hawthorne C.Herman Melville D.Edgar Allan Poe 7.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.B.Sense is the collection of all the featu

33、res of the linguistic form.C.Sense if abstract and decontextualized.D.Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.8.The Canadian writer Alice Munro,who won the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature,is known as a _.A.dramatist B.short story writer C.novelist D.poet 9.Chomsky st

34、udies language from a psychological point of view,holding that language is a form of _;while Halliday focuses on the social aspect of language,regarding language as a form of _.A.knowing,doing B.knowing,thinking C.thinking,doing D.doing,knowing 10.The American playwright Tennessee Williams famous pl

35、ay _ depicts the fading of a Southern belle who clings tightly to the Southern decorum.科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 6 页 共 13 页 A.Death of a Salesman B.Desire Under the Elms C.A Street Car Named Desire D.The Adding Machine b.Directions:Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and e

36、xplain them in plain English on the answer sheet.(10 points)1.illocutionary act 2.phonology 3.interlanguage 4.metaphor 5.displacement 6.bildungsroman 7.blank verse 8.first-person narrative 9.tragicomedy 10.humanism VI.Reading Comprehension(40 points)Directions:Each of the passages below is followed

37、by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C or D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage A There are two realities about the current Ebola epidemic in West Africa one fro

38、m inside the infected zone,and another from outside of it.Outside the zone,a miracle drug ZMapp,or some iteration of it is just around the corner,to sweep the problem away.The Western narrative of scientific progress demands no less.Inside the zone,fearful villagers and city dwellers continue to hid

39、e sick relatives,cross borders carrying the infection and touch infected corpses at funerals.More become infected,and more die.The epidemic,not science,advances.Outside the zone,somebody else must be to blame for the worst Ebola epidemic in history:the United States or Europe,for not providing enoug

40、h help or money,or international health agencies,for not committing enough resources or for not having stamped it out already.Inside the zone,attention is focused on staying alive and coping,not blaming.Inside the zone,Doctors Without Borders,a largely European organization,is stretched to the break

41、ing point and is forced to turn away Ebola patients,the United States governments Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has committed scientists to the anti-Ebola fight dozens have been deployed to the region,according to the C.D.C.and even the maligned World Health Organization has sent in doc

42、tors,epidemiologists and health workers who are putting themselves at risk.Outside the zone,hysteria over Ebola has led to the collective stigmatization of a big chunk of the African continent.Anybody coming from West Africa is suspected of carrying the disease.Inside the zone,life goes on,and peopl

43、e shop in markets if not quite as normal,then at least as much so as human survival mechanisms 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 7 页 共 13 页 will allow.Near the gates of the Ebola treatment center in Guckdou,Guinea,for instance,where the epidemic started,a licentious-looking bar called the“Deuxime Bureau”“Second

44、Office,”a local reference to the house of a kept woman or mistress was still welcoming customers in mid-July,even as dying Ebola patients were being ferried past.The clash of these two realities is to be expected,given the extreme circumstances.It is like this when one disadvantaged corner of the wo

45、rld is beset by a calamity,and the rest of the world peers in,anxiously and imperfectly,from a vantage point in which no one worries about relative order,a constant supply of electricity and running water,and air-conditioning.But the contrast is particularly striking this time because there is no ri

46、sk in simply stepping off the few remaining planes flying in to Freetown,Conakry or Monrovia contrary to what some in the West appear to believe.Yet here is where the two narratives join up:because there is real fear,inside and outside the zone.Inside the Ebola zone,the fear is based on a potent rea

47、lity.Ebola kills about half its victims,the epidemic is so far unchecked,and the medical resources on the ground,largely sent in from elsewhere,are not keeping pace.In fact they are losing ground.That truth is difficult for people in the West to grasp.The misapprehension is comprehensible,because on

48、e of the worlds deadliest viruses is afflicting the weakest,least-prepared societies in the world.The consequences of such a confrontation cannot be anything other than fearsome.Nothing now stands in the way of the disease except the overstretched foreign aid agencies.It is difficult for people in t

49、he West to imagine the extent of disorganization in these countries.There is a near-total absence of effectively functioning institutions of any sort,let alone those devoted to health care.Years of exploitation by thieving elites followed by brutal civil wars that were in some ways the inevitable co

50、nsequence substituted for institution-and nation-building in Liberia and Sierra Leone,the two hardest-hit countries.In Guinea,a sinister,ideologically motivated dictator ruled his country with an iron hand for a quarter century.The lesson for the countrys beleaguered inhabitants was the same as in i