高考英语二轮复习专题代词课件.ppt

1、代词【考向聚焦】在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。【典例1】My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.Anothing Bnone Cno one Dne

2、ither解析句意：我弟弟想买块好表，但是那家商店没有。none表示“在一定范围内(三者或三者以上)一个也没有”。nothing指物，表示“一个也没有”时，无范围限制，不与of连用；no one表示“没有一个人”；neither表示“两者都不”。答案B不定代词的用法不定代词的用法(none，nothing，nobody用用法比较法比较)【典例2】I knew that _ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnoth

3、ing解析句意：我知道没有什么能够阻止他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演。考查代词。根据句意可知选D。答案D1John has tried many ways to solve the physics problems,but _ works.Ano one Banything Cnone Dnothing解析根据语境可知，此题应填代词none指代not any way。句意：约翰已经尝试了许多解决这些物理难题的方法，但是没有一种方法有效。答案C2How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind,but _ is so good

4、to me as Bruce.Anone Bno one Ceveryone Dsomeone答案A none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法nonenone指人或物，相指人或物，相当于当于nono名词；名词；可回答可回答how how manymany，how how muchmuch的提问；的提问；可与可与ofof连用连用How much money do you haveHow much money do you have？None.None.你有多少钱？你有多少钱？一点也没有。一点也没有。I want some more cheeseI want some more

5、 cheese，but but theres none left.theres none left.我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。As we were asleepAs we were asleep，none of us none of us heard the sound.heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。音。no one无任何人nothing无任何物none无所提及的人、物 nothingnothing指物；可回指物；可回答答whatwhat的提的提问问What are you doing

6、nowWhat are you doing now？Nothing.Nothing.你现在在干什么？你现在在干什么？什么也没干。什么也没干。nobody(no nobody(no one)one)指人；可回指人；可回答答whowho的提的提问问Who is in the roomWho is in the room？No one/Nobody.No one/Nobody.谁在屋里？谁在屋里？没人。没人。【典例3】He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.Aneither Be

7、ither Ceach Dall解析句意：战争期间他发脾气且损害了健康；但现在哪一样都没有了。考查代词。根据题干中的temper和health，可知设空处指的是两者，故排除D项；each指两者或两者以上的每个，不符合题意；题干中出现了never，故排除表否定的neither；never与either连用，表示全部否定，故为答案。答案B不定代词的用法不定代词的用法(both，all，either，any，neither，none的用法比较的用法比较)【典例4】John，when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday?_.Ill be off to Lond

8、on then.AEither BNeither CBoth DNone解析句意：约翰，我们什么时候再见一次面，周四还是周五？都不行，我那个时候要去伦敦。根据答语中的Ill be off to London then.可知需选表否定意义的代词，排除A、C两项，根据问句中的Thursday or Friday可排除D项(none三个或三个以上都不)。答案B3It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _ of the parents spoke the language.Anone Bneither Cboth Deach答

9、案B4Which of the three optional courses did you like best，Joe?To tell you the truth，I didnt like _ of them.Aeither Bboth Cany Dneither答案C三者或三者或三者以三者以上上【典例5】Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.Aothers Bthe other Canother Done other解析考查代词用法。句意：双方都不肯与对方交谈，

10、除非我们消除他们之间的隔阂。根据句中的neither可知共有两方，所以指双方中的另外一方用the other。答案B不定代词的用法不定代词的用法(other，another，the other，others，the others的用法比较的用法比较)【典例6】The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.Aany other Bthe other Canother Dother解析选项A意为“任何其他的”，选项B意为“(特指)其他的”或“两者中的另一个”，选项D意为“其他的”，用在本题中均不合适。很多

11、考生因为分不清它们的用法，且又没有看懂句意，从而误选这些答案。根据句意“经理认为价格的上涨不会再超过4%”可知，another为本题的正确答案。在英语中，“another基数词名词”结构相当于“基数词more名词”结构，意为“再/又”。故正确答案为C。答案C 5No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.Aothers Bthe other Ceither Danother答案B 6Would you like to go and watch a tennis m

12、atch this weekend with us?Im sorry,but Ive got _ plans.Aother Banother Csome Dmore答案A 在英语中，other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代词，它们的用法如下：(1)other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示泛指概念。(2)others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“other名词”结构，也表示泛指概念。(3)the other有两种常见用法：the other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示特指概念

13、；the other意为“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one.the other.”结构。(4)the others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“the other可数名词复数”结构，表示特指概念。(5)another意为“又/再”，常用于“another基数词名词”结构。该结构相当于“基数词more名词”这一结构。【典例7】Wow！Youve got so many clothes.But _ of them are in fashion now.Aall Bboth Cneither Dnone解析句意：哇！你有那么多衣服啊。但是现在没有一件跟得上潮流的了。根据句意，

14、空格处应用否定代词none，排除A、B两项。注意neither与none的用法不同：前者表示“两者都不”，后者表示“三者或三者以上都不”。答案D全部否定与部分否定全部否定与部分否定 【典例8】Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but _ of them wants to，because they have work to do.Aeither Bany Cneither Dnone解析考查代词的用法。句意：Larry让Bill和Peter和他一起去野餐，但是他们两个人没有一人想去，因为他们都有工作要做。前面提到的是Bill

15、和Peter两个人，再结合转折连词but和谓语动词wants可知是对两者进行否定，所以用neither。答案C7The exam was easy,wasnt it?Yes,but I dont think _ could pass it.Asomebody Banybody Cnobody Deverybody答案D8I havent seen _ of her films,but judging from the one I have seen recently I think shes a promising actress.Aboth Bany Ceither Dnone答案A 全部否

16、定的不定代词：none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any,no名词。部分否定的不定代词：not与all,both,everyone,everybody,everything等连用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。【典例9】More than 68,600 foreigners are working in Shanghai.The number is 13 times _ of 1996，when Shanghai started issuing expatriate work permits.Aone Bones Cthat Dthose解析考查代词。

17、句意：现在有超过68 600个外国人在上海工作。此数量是1996年开始签发侨民工作许可证时的13倍。此处that指代上文中的“number”。故正确答案为C。答案C替代词的用法替代词的用法 【典例10】I just choose a simpler lifestyle，_ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.Athat Bit Cone Danother解析考查代词。句意：我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式，一种可以骑自行车到处跑，不必为生活而奔波的生活方式。one

18、是a simpler lifestyle的同位语。故正确答案为C。答案C9Weve been looking for cheap houses but havent found _ yet.Aone Bother Cit Dthat答案A10The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.Ait Bthose Cone Dthat答案D that,it,one,ones,those,the one(s)等都可以用作代词，但它们所指代的情况不同。(1)it通常用来指代上文提

19、到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。(2)one表示泛指概念，替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones也表示泛指概念，用来替代可数名词的复数形式。the one(s)也是替代可数名词，但表示特指概念。(3)that既可以用来指代不可数名词，又可以用来指代可数名词单数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the名词”结构。(4)those用来指代可数名词复数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the可数名词复数”结构。它是that(指代可数名词单数时)的复数形式。(5)当that或those在句中指代事物时，它们的后面通常使用一些后置定语，如：Little joy can equal that of a

20、 surprising ending when you read stories.(that指代不可数名词joy)特别提醒：(1)that只能代替事物不能代替人(定语从句除外)，one既可代替事物也可代替人。(2)“物主代词own”之后不能加one。(3)一般可以用this one，that one，较少用these ones和those ones。当ones前有形容词修饰时则可以用these和those。【典例11】No matter where he is，he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.(2012陕西)Ahim Bt

21、his Cthat Dit解析考查it作形式宾语。句意：不管他在哪儿，早餐前都要去散步，这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语，不定式短语“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的宾语。答案Dit的用法的用法【典例12】Ive read another book this week.Well，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.Athis Bthat Cthere Dit解析考查强调句型。此处被强调部分为“not how much you read but what you

22、 read”。句意：这个星期我又读了一本书。嗯，也许重要的不是你读的量的多少而是你所读的内容。答案D11Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?Athat Bit Cthis Dhim答案B12We have made _ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.Athis Bthat Cit Done答案C it的用法归纳(1)it的基本用法：it可以用作人称代词，指代事物或上文提到过的内容；在特定的环境中，也可指性别不详、

23、身份不明的人或婴儿等；可以表示天气、时间、距离、金钱等。(2)it充当形式主语或形式宾语的用法(3)有关it的几个易混句型 Its time for sb to do sth It/This/That isthe first/second.timethat sb has/have done sth It will be时间段before sb do/does sth It is/has been时间段since sb did sth It is/was具体时间点when从句。(4)it可以用来构成强调句型 这一句型可以对主语、宾语及状语进行强调。【典例13】Could you tell me

24、how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street？_ is where the Grand Theatre is.ASuch BThere CThat DThis解析that在此指代较远的地方。答案C指示代词、反身代词、人称代词的用法指示代词、反身代词、人称代词的用法【典例14】Surprisingly，Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.Athem Bher Citself Dherself解析考查代词。句意：令人惊奇的

25、是，苏珊漂亮的头发垂到了膝盖以下，几乎成为了她的外套。此处itself指的是“头发本身”。答案C【典例15】There is _ in his words.We should have atry.Asomething BanythingCnothing Deverything解析由“我们应该试一试”可知，第一句句意应该为“他的话有道理”；代词something在此意为“重要的东西”，符合句意。答案A【典例16】_ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.ASuch BThis CThat DSo解析such作代词

26、，指代后面要提到的名词the power。答案A13Have you heard the latest news?No,what _？Ais it Bis there Care they Dare those答案A14To save class time，our teacher has _ students do half the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.Aus Bwe Cour Dours答案A15Who called me this morning when I was out?A man

27、 calling _ Robert.Ahim Bhimself Chis D/答案B16Some of the stamps belong to me,while the rest are _.Ahim and her Bhis and hers Chis and her Dhim and hers答案B做题过程中要注意做到以下两点：1明确指代。我们首先要分析上下文，明确代词所代指的对象；代词指代的是人还是物；代词代指的是可数名词还是不可数名词；代词代指的是单数概念还是复数概念(是两者、三者还是三者以上)；是特指还是泛指。2逻辑关系。做题时，通过分析上下文所蕴含的逻辑关系做出正确的判断。可以从以下两个方面考虑：代词表示的范围；代词在句中构成的是全部否定还是部分否定。