Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 语法精讲(ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、Unit 4单词精讲Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives.In pairs,discuss their functions.1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.(作_)2.As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.(作_)3.First of all,you must be i

2、ntelligent enough to get a related college degree.(作_)4.Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.(作_)目的状语定语目的状语目的状语Leading-inRead the following sentences and find the words that have been omitted to avoid repetition.Definition of Ellipsis5.On 12 April 1961,Y

3、uri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.(作_)定语 Summary:1.不定式的结构：_ 2.分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来表_，还可以用来作_，表_。to+do原形目的定语修饰（一）作定语不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如：I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come to school.There is nothing to worry about.只能用动词不定式做定语的情

4、况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Please make an effort to catch the bus.2.He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力 等意义的名词）只能用动词不定式做定语的情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.He was the first one t

5、o think of the idea.2.You are the only person to be late.3.The manager is the last to come to the meeting.2.当修饰的名词前有the only,the next,the best,the first,the last,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Do you have anything to say?2.There is nothing to worry about.3.I want to get

6、something to drink.3.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：The letter to be written is to my father.The matter to be discussed is important.（二）作状语不定式作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。例：I come here to say good-bye to you.So as not to disturb the baby,I walked quietly.1.目的状语：目的状语：可用在句首常用结构：to do;

7、in order to do,so as to do,so/suchas to do,etc.不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词 的动作。例：I said that to encourage him.（二）作状语3.结果状语：结果状语：常与only,enough 或too连用,用于“too.to”；“enough to.”；“only to do”句型中。例：He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.She is so proud as to look down upon others.

8、2.原因状语：多用于原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型句型中。中。例：Im glad to see you.She was disappointed to hear the news.现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别例：1.He went home to find his old friend George outside the door.2.The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it.动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状

9、语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as attribute.Functions of infinitives as attribute1.In 2003,Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.=In 2003,Yuri Malenchenko became the first person_ in space.2.Mankind has always been curious about the universe

10、 and many people have dreamed that one day they would fly into space.=Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dream _ space.to get married to fly intoRewrite the sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.3.But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire that he can do

11、 some useful work for the disabled.=But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire _ for the disabled.4.I usually have a lot of meetings which I have to attend next week.=I usually have a lot of meetings_.to do some to attenduseful workFunctions of infinitives as attributeRewrite the sentences by takin

12、g out the unnecessary parts.5.We need someone who can go and ask for a doctor.=We need someone _.6.Anderson gave her his suggestion that she should insist on her task.=Anderson gave her his suggestion _.to go and ask for a doctor to insist on her taskFunctions of infinitives as attribute 动词不定式用作定语，放

13、在被修饰的名词后面。1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语后置定语,表示表示尚未发生的动作尚未发生的动作。2.名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修饰时,其后要用动词不定式。3.抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。6.当名词与定语有同位关系时。SummaryFunctions

14、of infinitives as attributeRewrite the sentences by using infinitives as purpose adverbial.1.In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.=In space,astronauts collect all dirty water _ _it for later use.2.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space

15、 due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.=Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day_.so as to/in order so as to/in order to/to keep healthy to/to recycleFunctions of in

16、finitives as purpose adverbialRewrite the sentences by using infinitives as purpose adverbial.3.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.=Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space _.4.Du

17、ring a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.=During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly_.float off so as not to/in order not to/not to so as to/in order to/to keep their bodies under control Functions of infinitives as purpose adverbialFunc

18、tions of infinitives as purpose adverbial不定式作目的状语，常译作“_”。主要用来修饰_和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等,可表示目的、原因及结果等。1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调,为加强语气。(1)置于句首时只用to do/in order to do。如用于表示否定,用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。(2)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/in order that 或 so.that.引导的目的状语从句。Summary 以

19、便，目的是 动词 2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。I was very sad to hear the news.3.结果状语,多见于“too.to”;“enough to.”;only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生);so/such.as to(意为“如此以至于”)结构句中。He is old enough to go to school.Im too tired to do well.He rushed back,only to find the book missing.Complete the passage with the correc

20、t forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal_(achieve).One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time.For example,_(use)current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back.

21、Although light is the fastest thing_(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists figure out a way _(store)sufficient food and water for the long journey?Is it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.However,space

22、scientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help)astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.to achieveusingto getknownto storeto help1.The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.(2013 四川改)2.We are having a meeting

23、in half an hour.The decision _(make)at the meeting will influence the future of our company.(2012 重庆)3.Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives,including your own.(2013 北京)4.The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _(explore)society of real-life experience.(2013 上海)5.I have a

24、lot of readings _(complete)before the end of this term.(2010 山东)6.The play _(produce)next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.(2009 安徽)7.The ability _(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.(2011 湖南)to be completedto be madeto change 高考链接高考链接to exploreto completeto be produced

25、to express8.Its important for the figures _(update)regularly.(2011 北京)9.Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _(stay)away.(2012 北京)10.Its standard practice for a company like this one _(employ)a security officer.(2014 山东)11._(make)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this

26、 card at hand.(2016 北京改)12.Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only _(find)it didnt fit.(2014 天津改)to stayto be updated to employTo maketo find Hello,my dear friends!I am greatly honoured _(share)the event with you.The theme of the activity is _(introduce)Chinese tradition

27、al culture.During this month,there will be various activities for you _(experience)the rich and colourful Chinese culture.You will have a chance _(make)paper-cutting or _(appreciate)Chinese arts.There will be some lectures for you _(attend),_ is beneficial to your understanding about China._(learn)more about China,dont hesitate _(contact)us and be the first _(sign)up for the activity.to shareto introduceto experienceto maketo appreciate语篇演练语篇演练to attendTo learnwhichto contactto signUnit 4谢谢观看