Unit1 Words&Expressions 单词(ppt课件) -2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、physiologyl biology n.生物；生物学生物；生物学l psychology n.心理学；心理状态；心理学著心理学；心理状态；心理学著作作l-ology 词缀，意为词缀，意为“学问学问”l physiological adj.生理学的生理学的;生理的生理的 physiologically adv.n.n.生理学；生理机能生理学；生理机能crucial l=important,vital,significantl be crucial to/for.对对.至关重要至关重要l It is crucial that.极其重要极其重要(that从句中常用从句中常用“should+动词原

2、形动词原形”结构结构，should也可以省也可以省略。略。)l crucially adv.关键地；至关重要地关键地；至关重要地 play a crucial role/part in.在.中扮演重要角色It is crucial that the problem should be deal with immediatelyadj.adj.关键性的关键性的;至关重要的至关重要的vital l=important/cruciall be vital to.对对很重要很重要l It is vital to do sth 做某事是很重要的做某事是很重要的l It is vital that.是十分

3、重要的是十分重要的(that从句中常用从句中常用“should+动词原形动词原形”结构结构,should也可以也可以省略。省略。)adj.adj.必不可少的必不可少的;极其重要的极其重要的;充满生机的充满生机的1)It is vital for a journalist _(keep)accurate records.对记者来说，保持准确的记录是至关重要的。对记者来说，保持准确的记录是至关重要的。2)毅力对于成功是至关重要的。毅力对于成功是至关重要的。Perseverance_ success.3)It is vital that we _(carry out)the operation im

4、mediately.to keep is vital to (should)carry mit vt 犯 (错误、罪行等)commit murder/a crime/a mistake 杀人/犯罪/犯错 vi&vt(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund.世界各国已承诺设立气候应对基金.2008 上海vt 投入 commit sth to(doing)sth:commit an hour to reading the newspapers every morn

5、ing 承诺做某事：promise to do commit to doing 每天早上抽出一小时读报commit l commit sb/oneself to(sth/doing sth/do sth)使某人承诺使某人承诺(做做)某事某事;使某人答应使某人答应(做做)某事某事l committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的l be committed to 对对忠诚；致力于忠诚；致力于l commitment n.承诺；保证承诺；保证l make a commitment 做出承诺做出承诺vt.vt.承诺承诺;保证保证(某个人、机构等某个人、机构等),犯犯

6、(罪罪)vi.vi.忠于忠于;全心全意投入全心全意投入(工作、活动等工作、活动等)are committed tohas committed himself to committed to settle/settling1）We _ improving services.我们致力于改善服务我们致力于改善服务2)He _ education since 1996.他自从他自从1996年投身于教育事业年投身于教育事业3）Both sides committed themselves _(settle)the dispute peacefully.双方承诺和平解决争端。双方承诺和平解决争端。4)To

7、m is a _ member of our football team.汤姆是我们足球队忠于职守的队员。汤姆是我们足球队忠于职守的队员。academy l institute n.学院学院l academic adj.学业的学业的;学术的学术的n.n.学会学会;(;(艺术、文学、科学等的艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院研究院;专科院校专科院校 5.objective 目标，目的目标，目的 adj.客观的客观的 subjective adj.主观的主观的objectively adv.客观地客观地object 物体，物品；物体，物品；目标，目的，宗旨目标，目的，宗旨;宾语宾语 vi.反对，反对，不

8、赞成不赞成objection 反对，反对，不赞成不赞成object to doing sth 反对某事反对某事The proposal will go ahead despite strong objections from the public.7.botanical adj.植物学的 botany n.植物学；植物的生态；植物学书籍botanically adv.植物学地2).The area is of great botanical interest.这一地区具有重大的植物学研究价值。6.evaluate 评估，评价评估，评价 evaluation n.评估，评价评估，评价The sc

9、hool has only been open for six months,so its hard _（evaluate）how successful it is.We need to carry out a proper _（evaluate）of the new system.to evaluateevaluationevaluate(1)assess v.评估评估(2)value n.价值价值；重要性；益处；等级；标准；重要性；益处；等级；标准 vt.评价评价；尊重；尊重；重视重视(4)evaluation n.估计，评价估计，评价 vt.vt.评价；评估；估计评价；评估；估计 pro

10、perty(1)proper adj.合适的合适的;恰当的恰当的(pl.)properties;财产财产/U/(2)quality n.质量；性质；特性；品德质量；性质；特性；品德character n.特性特性,特征特征；(人的人的)性格性格,品质品质；人物；人物,角色角色；文；文字字(3)wealth n.财富；财产财富；财产 n.n.性质性质;特征特征;财产财产 distinct(1)It is distinct that.很明显很明显 be distinct from.在在.方面方面与与 不同不同=be different from.(2)distinctive adj.与众不同的与众

11、不同的distinction n.差别；区别；优秀；卓越差别；区别；优秀；卓越distinguish v.区分；分清区分；分清 adj.adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 练习1.He has the _ of being the most diligent student in our class.2.This new suggestion is a _improvement _ the one I originally made.这个建议比我原来提出的有显著的改进。3.Employers should hire men and women _ _.雇主用人应不分男女。

12、distinctiondistinctfromwithoutdistinctionextractextract.from.从从提取提取extra adv.特别地；非常；特别地；非常；额外地额外地 adj.额外的；额外的；特别的；特别的；临时的临时的 n.额外之人额外之人(事事)；特级品；特级品 n.n.提取物；摘录提取物；摘录 vt.vt.提取；提炼；摘录；提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出（用力）拔出boilon the boil 十分活跃十分活跃;如火如荼如火如荼,沸腾中沸腾中boiling adj.沸腾的；激昂的沸腾的；激昂的boiling water 正在沸腾的水boiled water

13、开水(已经开过的水)freeze v.结冰；冻住；结冰；冻住；freezing adj.极冷的；冰点以下的，冰冻的极冷的；冰点以下的，冰冻的 v.v.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.n.沸腾；沸沸腾；沸点点 单句语法填空(1)Id like to have some _(boil)water.(2)Look out!Dont have the _(boil)water burn you.(3)The girl stood in the kitchen,waiting for the water _(boil).(4)I know thered be a kettle _ th

14、e boil in the kitchen.boiledboilingto boilonliquidsolid n.固体；固体；adj.固体的，固态的；固体的，固态的；gas n.气体气体;毒气毒气;煤气煤气;n.n.液体；液体；adj.adj.液体的；液态的液体的；液态的obtain=gain/get/acquire v.获得，得到；获得，得到；obtain sth.from.从从获得获得obtain sb.sth.obtain sth.for sb.给某人带来某物给某人带来某物obtainment n.取得取得 obtainable adj.可获得的可获得的;可得到的可得到的 vt.(vt

15、.(尤指经努力尤指经努力)获得；赢得获得；赢得 vi.(vi.(规章、规章、习俗等习俗等)存在，流行存在，流行 acknowledge=admitacknowledge sth./doing/having done 承认做了承认做了承承acknowledge sb/sth as/to be 承认某人承认某人/事为事为acknowledge sb.with 用用对某人表示感谢对某人表示感谢Its universally/widely/generally acknowledged that是是大家所公认的大家所公认的acknowledgement n.承认；感激承认；感激 vt.vt.承认承认(属

16、实、权威等属实、权威等)；(公开公开)感谢感谢练一练：练一练：1）Tu Youyou is acknowledged _one of the greatest scientist.2）With no enough evidence,he refused to acknowledge _(steal)the ladys purse.3)Many of the poor _ him _(承认承认.为为)their leader.to bestealingacknowledgedasdefeat (1)=beat(2)acknowledge defeat 承认失败承认失败(3)defeat sb.击

17、败某人击败某人 n n失败；挫败失败；挫败 vt.vt.击败；战胜；使困击败；战胜；使困惑；难住惑；难住analyse (1)analysis n.分析，分析结果分析，分析结果(pl.)analyses(2)analytical adj.分析的；分析性的分析的；分析性的 v.v.分析分析apparently (1)As is apparently shown in the picture/passage above.正正如上面图画中如上面图画中/文中文中所明显展示的那样所明显展示的那样(2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的显而易见的；显然的=obvious/evident(3)It

18、 is apparent/obvious/evident that.显然显然 adv.adv.显而易见；看来；显然显而易见；看来；显然insist (1)“insist on(doing)sth.”意为意为“坚持做某事坚持做某事”；(2)“insist(坚决要求坚决要求/主张主张)that.”，从句用虚拟语气，从句用虚拟语气（即（即should+动词原形动词原形）；(3)“insist(坚持说坚持说/认为认为)that.”，从句用陈述语气。，从句用陈述语气。vi.&vt.vi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求坚持；坚决要求insist that 要求，坚持.（从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用should+

19、动词原形，should 可以省略）She insisted that we(should)clean our classroom first.他坚持我们要先打扫干净我们的房间。Tom insisted that we(should)recite the whole passage in a week.汤姆坚持我们应该在一周内背完整篇课文insist that 坚持认为说（从句的内容表示一个事实的话，从句就不用虚拟语气，根据实际情况来选择时态）他坚持说他没病。He insisted that he was not ill.She insisted that she had done nothin

20、g wrong 她坚持她没做错练一练：练一练：1）I still insist _ my viewpoint.2)He insisted on _(pay)for the meal.3)He insisted that I_(take)back what I said.on/uponpaying(should)takeI insisted that he _ wrong.wasThey insisted on _(go)there by car.goingMy teacher insisted that we _(go)to college.(should)go一坚持：insist二命令：or

21、der,command三建议：advise,suggest,propose四要求：demand,require,request,ask scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的 scientifically adv.按科学方法 science n.科学;理科 scientist n.科学家We have no real,objective,scientific evidence for our belief.我们并无实际、客观、科学的证据支撑我们的信仰。wear out 用坏，穿破，使筋疲力尽 wear well 耐用，耐穿，耐磨be worn out 精疲力竭 make a c

22、onclusion下结论come to/draw/reach a/the conclusion得出结论in conclusion(to conclude)最后，总之(常作插入语)从中推断出 concludefromflee-_-_flee sb/sth All the animals fled（from）the fire.所有的动物都_了火场。When the bombing started，the population fled to safe places.轰炸开始时，人们_安全地带。fledfled12.found vt.创建，创办;把建立在foundation n.基础 5.infer

23、 Much of the meaning must be inferred _ the context.from infer vt.推断/推定(inferred;inferring)infer sth.from sth.；infer that.inference n.推论/推断的结果；推理/推断draw/make inferences(from/about sth.)polity n.政体/政治制度politician politics n.政治政治political adj.政治家政治家polity n.政体政体/政治制度政治制度n.n.从政者；政治家；政客从政者；政治家；政客 in the

24、orytheoretical adj.理论上的理论上的practical adj.实际的实际的/切实可切实可行的行的theoretically adv.理论上理论上/理论地理论地practically adv.几乎几乎;实际上实际上/事实上事实上theory n.theory n.理论理论/学说学说relate v.联系/把联系起来relate sth.to sth.把和联系起来 relate to.谈到/涉及/与相关;理解并同情某人/体恤relativity relative adj.相对的相对的 n.亲戚亲戚relate v.联系联系/把把联系起来联系起来relate sth.to sth

25、.把把和和联系起来联系起来 relate to.谈到谈到/涉及涉及/与与相关相关;理解并同情某人理解并同情某人/体恤体恤He is unable to relate to others people.All these questions relate to philosophy.n.n.相对论；相对性相对论；相对性 genius n.（pl.geniuses）天才；天资；天赋have a gift/talent/genius forbe gifted/talented e to power (开始)掌权；上台 短语：be in power执政;掌权 do all/everything in

26、ones power 尽力而为某事;竭尽全力做某事 beyond/out of ones power 力所不能及的 come to a/the conclusion 得出结论The party _four years ago.=The party _for four years.这个政党执政四年了。came to powerhas been in power15.consequence n.结果；后果；影响结果；后果；影响as a consequence ofin consequence of 由于由于的缘故的缘故as a consequencein consequence结果；因此结果；因此

27、consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.所以；因此；结果所以；因此；结果(1)The warming of the earth and the _（consequence）climatic changes affect us all.地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。(2)a great fire，the house was completely destroyed.由于一场大火，这个房子被完全烧毁了。由于一场大火，这个房子被完全烧毁了。(3)My car brok

28、e down and (consequent)I was late.consequentlyAs a consequence of/In consequence ofconsequent16.take up拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据写出下列句子中写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思的汉语意思(1)In fact，surfing the Internet takes up most of her time._(2)The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week._(3)Peter wil

29、l take up the management of the finance department._占据占据继续继续开始从事开始从事take up 占有占有(时间时间/空间空间)；继续；开始；接受；继续；开始；接受take in 欺骗；理解；领悟欺骗；理解；领悟take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事呈现；雇用；承担；从事take over 掌管；控制；取代掌管；控制；取代take off 脱掉脱掉(衣服等衣服等)；突然开始成功,走红,休假(飞机飞机)起飞；起飞；peculiarity peculiar adj.怪异的怪异的n.n.个性；特点；怪异的性质个性；特点；怪异的性质 16.enco

30、unter vt.偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂逅;遭遇短语：encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难 同：come across/run into/bump into/meet with 偶然遇到；偶然发现 When I _in English learning,my teacher always helps me overcome problems patiently.当我在英语学习中遇到问题，我的老师总是耐心地帮我克服困难。encounter problemsmourn 哀悼，忧伤 mourn sb.向某人致哀 mourner n.哀悼者 mournful

31、adj.哀痛的，令人伤心的;悲伤的mournfully adv.悲哀地，凄惨地17.remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的；不寻常的非凡的；显著的；不寻常的be remarkable for以以著称著称remark n.谈论；言论；评述谈论；言论；评述 vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起谈论；评论；说起remark on/upon谈论谈论/评论评论remarkably adv.不寻常地不寻常地(1)All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more _.(2018北京北京)(2)These cars are (r

32、emark)for the quietness of their engines.(3)My life improved (remark)when I discovered art.(4)Dont make remarks her appearance.remarkableremarkablyremarkableon.sum vi.总结；概括；sum up e.g.Tom will open the debate and I will sum up.sum sth.up=summarize sth.sum n.金额/款项；总数/总和；算术题 a large sum of money/a six-figure sum许多，大量，一笔 in sum=to sum up=in summary