(公开课)非谓语动词(共58张)课件.ppt

1、 非非 谓谓 语语 动动 词词 Non-predicate Verbs英语一个简单句只能有一个主谓结构英语一个简单句只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多主谓结构，可以用以下如果出现更多主谓结构，可以用以下方法：方法：加入并列连词，构成加入并列连词，构成并列句并列句（and/but/so）放入从句，构成放入从句，构成主从复合句主从复合句 变为非谓语动词，构成变为非谓语动词，构成动词短语加句子动词短语加句子 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 1、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？么区别？2、非谓语动词有哪些？、非谓语动词有哪些？

2、有哪些具体的不有哪些具体的不同形式？同形式？3、非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？一、要点知识一、要点知识检查检查及重难点强调及重难点强调与提醒与提醒 非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词的三种形式-ing形式形式-ed形式形式to do不定式不定式非谓语动词非谓语动词同谓语动词的区别同谓语动词的区别 谓语动词谓语动词只能做谓只能做谓语；有人称和数的变化；有语；有人称和数的变化；有时态、语态和语气的变化。时态、语态和语气的变化。非谓语动词非谓语动词不能做不能做谓语，也没有人称和数的变谓语，也没有人称和数的变化；仍具有动词的特点，有化；仍具有动词的特点，有时态和语态的变化

3、；如果是时态和语态的变化；如果是及物动词及物动词(vt.)后面可接宾语。后面可接宾语。非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。语法功能的动词。1、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)to do)过去分词过去分词(-ed)(-ed)-ing-ing 动名词或现在分词动名词或现在分词-ed-ed 分词分词2 非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的时态和语态 (以动词以动词make为例为例)时态时态语态语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态

4、-ing一般式一般式 完成式完成式 -ed一般式一般式 to do一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式 making being made having madehaving been made /made to maketo be madeto have made to have been madeto be making /动词动词-ing：主，谓：主，谓,宾，定宾，定,状状,表，补表，补动词动词-ed：主，谓主，谓,宾，定宾，定,状状,表，补表，补不定式：不定式：主，谓主，谓,宾，定宾，定,状状,表，补表，补 3、非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？三、几个重

5、要区别三、几个重要区别1、不定式和动名词均能作主语，二者有何区别？、不定式和动名词均能作主语，二者有何区别？2、不定式和动名词都可作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？有何区别？3、不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义有何不同？不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义有何不同？4、不定式、不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别是什么？主要区别是什么？5、能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。、能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语取决于什么因素？作什么样的状语取决于什么因素？6、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别是什么？、现在分词和过去分词作

6、表语的区别是什么？7、动名词的复合结构是什么？、动名词的复合结构是什么？1.1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。1)Smoking is prohibited(禁止禁止)here.2)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.(抽象抽象)(具体具体)Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式应保持形式 上的一致。上的一致。1

7、1、不定式和、不定式和inging分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？1).Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have B.Having had C.Have D.Having 2).In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match.A.this B.that C.there D.it DD下列句型中常用动名词作主语下

8、列句型中常用动名词作主语:It is/was no use/goodnot any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.2、不定式和动名词都可作宾语、不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？有何区别？2）.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别4）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别 1）.有些动词后只跟不定

9、式作宾语有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语 1）.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助帮助)，want(想要想要),refuse等。等。2 2）.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,refer

10、 to,give up,lead to,take to,set about,get down to,object to,succeed in,have difficulty in.1)I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop 2)He got well-prepared for the job interview,fo

11、r he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lostCB 3 3）.有些动词如有些动词如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟后既可以跟不定式又可以跟inging分词作宾分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别语，意义上无多大区别(但但inging分词分词一般表示经一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。I like _ very much,but I dont like _ this afterno

12、on.A.swimming,swimming B.to swim,to swim C.swimming,to swim D.to swim,swimming C Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking如果如果like,love,prefer前有前有would/should,后面后面则应该接动词不定式。则应该接动词不定式。AA4 4）.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别

13、。词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？讨论：有哪些单词或短语？go on(stop/remember/regret)to do/doing cant help to do/doing be used to do/doing (get used to doing)(used to do)Children should be allowed _ their own decisions.A.making B.to make C.make D.having madeBMy advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writi

14、ng skills.A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take D3.3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义不定式和分词作宾语补足语表达的意义不同。不同。I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard the English song _(sing)many times.(4)I heard the English song _

15、(sing)when I passed by her room yesterday.singsingingsungbeing sung【特别提醒特别提醒】hope,welcome,agree,suggest,demand不不能跟能跟sb.to do。()hope sb.to do sth.应改为应改为 wish/expect sb.to do sth.()welcome sb.to do sth.应改为应改为 sb.be welcome to do sth.()agree sb.to do sth.应改为应改为 allow/permit sb.to do sth.()suggest sb.to

16、 do sth.应改为应改为advise sb.to do sth./suggest sb.(should)do sth.()demand sb.to do sth.应改为应改为require sb.to do/demand sb.(should)do sth.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.Alose Blost Cto lose Dhaving lostB 4、不定式、不定式、ing ing 分词和过去分词分词和过去分词都可以作定都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意语，主要区别在于它们的时态

17、意义和语态意义。义。分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：The question _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _(discuss)at the meeting now is of quite importance.The qu

18、estion _(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.discussedbeing discussedto be discussedThe beautiful scenery,_ with delicious food and lovely weather,made our visit to Hawaii pleasant and unforgettable.A.to combine B.combined C.combining D.having combinedThe film _（导演）（导演）by Chaplin

19、was very interesting.Bdirected 5 5、能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和、能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。在句中的意义。Practise1).When _(heat),water will be changed into vapour.While _(heat)water,we can change it into vapour.2)_(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful._(see)from the hill,y

20、ou will find the city beautiful.3)Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.heatedheatingSeenSeeing takentaking doing having done having been done done作状语可以表示时间、原因、作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、条

21、件、让步、结果、方式结果、方式 或伴随情况。或伴随情况。分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。从句。1)Being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.2)He being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.3)As he was an o

22、rphan,the nurse treated him kindly.FTT(True or false)订正下列句子订正下列句子:1While looking at the map,a police officer came up and asked if he could help me.2Being a fine day,the children went to the park.3Arriving at the station,Toms wallet was stolen现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1).European football is

23、 played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.make D.to make 2).He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found AA 6、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别、现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别delighting令人高兴的令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的感到高兴的disappointing 令人失望的令人失

24、望的disappointed 感到感到 失望的失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞令人鼓舞encouraged 感到鼓舞的感到鼓舞的pleasing 令人愉快的令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的感到愉快的puzzling 令人费解的令人费解的puzzled 感到费解的感到费解的satisfying 令人满意的令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的感到满意的surprising 令人惊异的令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的感到惊异的worrying 令人担心的令人担心的worried 感到担心的感到担心的 In April，thousands of holidaymakers rem

25、ained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.Asticking Bstuck Cto be stuck Dto have stuck 7、不定式何时用主动表被动 下列情况下不定式用主动形式表示被动意义：1在“主语系动词表语to do”结构中，如果句子的主语是do逻辑上的宾语，不定式用主动形式。The problem is difficult to solve.English is easy to learn.2不定式作定语，与被修饰词之间为不定式作定语，与被修饰词之间为动宾关系，而与句中的另一名词或代动宾关系，而与句中的另一名词或代词之间有主谓关系

26、时用主动式。但如词之间有主谓关系时用主动式。但如果没有这种主谓关系，则需要用不定果没有这种主谓关系，则需要用不定式的被动形式。式的被动形式。I cant go with you;I have a meeting _(attend).I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.Do you have anything _(take)to your son?to attend to be taken 3在在“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”结构中。结构中。I dont know what to do.She will tell you which bus to take.8、动名

27、词的复合结构动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。1)LiPings/My helping her moved her deeply.2)I appreciate your/you/LiPings/LiPing coming to see me.3)Is there any hope of our team winning the match?4)What made me angry was many students failing in the exam.(动名词

28、结构作宾语动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可可)(动名词结构作主语动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格其逻辑主语用所有格)(逻辑主语是无生命名词时逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通格只用普通格)(以以-s 结尾的名词结尾的名词,只用普通格只用普通格)1)I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 2)_ made her mother very angry.A.Mary marrying Jim B.Marys

29、 married Jim C.Marys marrying Jim D.Marys being married JimC C 9.独立主格结构独立主格结构All things have been considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yoursThe guests had left,so he began to take a short rest The guests having left，he began to

30、take a short rest.If weather permits，well go sightseeing.Weather permitting，well go sightseeing.一种习惯用法是：在一种习惯用法是：在“名词名词/代词介词短语代词介词短语”构构成的独立主格结构中，名词成的独立主格结构中，名词/代词和介词后面的名词没有代词和介词后面的名词没有任何冠词或所有格修饰，也不用任何冠词或所有格修饰，也不用with引导。引导。Last night I followed him here and climbed in，sword in hand.独立主格结构也可以由独立主格结构也可

31、以由“with名词名词/代词不定式代词不定式/形容词形容词/副词副词/介词短语介词短语/分词分词”构成。构成。With the machine to do all the work，we will finish our task on time.He stared at her，with his mouth open.With his parents away，the boy became naughtier.He stood at the window，with his hands in his pockets.1.All flights_ because of the snowstorm,

32、we decided to take the train.A.were canceled B.had been canceled C.having canceled D.having been canceled2._ for a long time,most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A.Being no rain B.There was no rain C.To be no rain D.There being no rain3.Everything _ into consideration,they believed

33、 themselves more and returned to their positions.A.to take B.taken C.to be taken D.takingDDB 三、谓语动词与非谓语动词 在非谓语动词的学习中，经常会出现谓语动词与非谓语动词使用混乱的情况。以下四个句子是非谓语动词使用中的一些典型错误：1It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just had a look at the sports stars.2Using your head,and you wi

34、ll find a way.3Having been told many times,but he still made a lot of mistakes.【2013北京】北京】1.Volunteering gives you a chance lives,including your own.A.change B.changing C.changed D.to change【答案】【答案】D【2013北京】北京】3.When we saw the road with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.A.block B.to bloc

35、k C.blocking D.blocked【答案】【答案】D【2013福建】福建】4._ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A.Known B.Having known C.Knowing D.Being known【答案】【答案】C【2013湖南】湖南】7.You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts.A.offeringB.to offer C.having offeredD.offered【答

36、案】【答案】D【2013湖南】湖南】8.Every day _ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.A.readB.reading C.to read D.reads【答案】【答案】A【2013江苏】江苏】11.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins,the city took on a new look.A.reducing B.reduced C.being reduced D.having reduced【答案】【答案】C【

37、2013江西】江西】12.If _ to look after luggage for someone else,inform the police at once.A.asked B.to ask C.asking D.having asked【答案】【答案】A【2013山东】山东】14.The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner.A.standing B.to stand C.stands D.stood 【答案】【答案】A【2013山东】山东】15.I stopped the car _ a short break a

38、s I was feeling tired.A.take B.taking C.to take D.taken 【答案】【答案】C 【2013陕西】陕西】17.Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them.A.to understand B.understand C.understanding D.understood【答案】【答案】B 【2013陕西】陕西】18.The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight

39、.A.questioned B.being questioned C.to be questioned D.having questioned【答案】【答案】A【2013四川】四川】19._ which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not known D.Known not【答案】【答案】A【2013天津】天津】21.In some languages,100 words make up half of all words in daily co

40、nversations.A.using B.to use C.having used D.used【答案】【答案】D【2013新课标新课标II卷】卷】22.I got to the office earlier that day,the 7:30 train from Paddington A.caught B.to have caught C.to catch D.having caught【答案】【答案】D【2013浙江】浙江】25._how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A.Hearing B.Hear C.Having heard D.To be hearing【答案】【答案】A【2013浙江】浙江】26.There are some health problems that,when _ in time,can become bigger ones later on.A.not treated B.not being treated C.not to be treated D.not have been treated【答案】【答案】A