Unit2CloningGrammar课件优质公开课人教选修8.ppt

1、ReviseRevisethe Appositivethe AppositiveUnit 2 CloningUnit 2 Cloning Grammar GrammarObjectiveTo revise the appositive and use it properly.语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。规则和语法规律。Look at the fo

2、llowing sentences.1.Frederick William I,the King of Prussia,could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.(必修必修2)2.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Knigsberg,which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Se

3、a.(必修必修2)3.Some people have the idea that they can cross Canada in less than five days,but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.(必修必修3)4.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.(必修必修3)5.There is no doubt that Johns quick t

4、hinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.(必修必修5)6.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (选修选修6)1.On the one hand,the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone,Dolly the sheep.2.The fact that she seemed to develop normal

5、ly was very encouraging.3.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.4.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years,half the length of the life of the original sheep.Sentences from this unit:to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your

6、 ability to highlight the language pointsGuess1.Frederick William I,the _ of Prussia,could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.2.There is no doubt _ the boxes were then put on a train for Knigsberg,which was at that time a German city o

7、n the Baltic Sea.3.Some people have the idea _ they can cross Canada in less than five days,but they forget the fact _ Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.Kingthatthatthat4.The girls were surprised at the fact _ ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.5.There is no doubt _ Johns quick thi

8、nking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.6.There is no doubt _ the earth is becoming warmer thatthatthat7.On the one hand,the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone,_ the sheep.8.The fact _ she seemed to develop normally was very en

9、couraging.9.Then came the disturbing news _ Dolly had become seriously ill.10.Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years,_ the length of the life of the original sheep.Dollythatthathalf1.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(2001上海上海)A.w

10、hile B.that C.when D.as解析：答案解析：答案B。that引导从句作引导从句作information的同位语，解释的同位语，解释information的具体内容。的具体内容。2.Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海)A.that B.which C.of which D.what解析：答案解析：答案A。同位语从句。同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作作a feeling的同位语，解释的同位语，解释a fe

11、eling的具体的具体内容。内容。that连接同位语从句时只起连接连接同位语从句时只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。作用，不作从句的任何成分。3.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.(2003上海上海)A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improved C.where;to be improved D.when;improving解析：答案为解析：答案为A。that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句说明说明“新问题新问

12、题”的内容。的内容。need后既可后既可接接动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被动式作宾语。动式作宾语。以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。该语法项的重难点。1.Tom,our monitor,is a handsome boy.2.I myself will do the experiment.3.She is the oldest among them six.4

13、.He told me the news that the plane had exploded.名词名词代词代词数词数词下面句子中红色部分在句中作什么成分？下面句子中红色部分在句中作什么成分？从句从句同位语同位语 The AppositiveThe Appositive同位语同位语是句子成分的一种是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词名词 (2)代词代词 (3)数词数词 (4)从句

14、从句(5)由由such as,that is引导引导 Some subjects,such as maths and physics,are very difficult to learn.某些学科某些学科,例如数学和物理例如数学和物理,是很难学的。是很难学的。(6)由由of引导引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.自从自从2000年以来年以来,北京市发生了很大的变化。北京市发生了很大的变化。(7)由由or引导引导 The freezing temperature,or freezing point,is the

15、temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.结冰温度即冰点结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结是水在常压下结冰时的温度。冰时的温度。The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.I have no idea when he will come back.What kind of clauses are they?They are Ap

16、positive Clauses.在前一单元我们讲解了在前一单元我们讲解了名词性从句。其中我们名词性从句。其中我们已经接触到了已经接触到了同位语从同位语从句句。接下来我们就详细。接下来我们就详细讲解同位语从句。讲解同位语从句。(1)同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。种。它在句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句同位语从句 The Appositive ClauseThe Appositive Clause它一般放在它一般放在fact,news

17、,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有有that,whether,what,how,when,where等。等。同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意注意:The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open w

18、hen she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。上。(2)同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式:由由that引导引导 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.The truth that

19、 heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.由由whether引导引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.由由when引导引导 I have no idea when they will go.(3)同位语从句与定语从句

20、的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常 常混淆常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区我们可以从以下几个方面区 别它们别它们:同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.Those who want to go please sign your names here.同位语从句所说明的名词与从句

21、没有同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有 逻辑关系逻辑关系,定语从句所限定的名词是从定语从句所限定的名词是从 句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。状语等。(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句定语从句,news是是told的逻辑宾语的逻辑宾语)The order when we should go back

22、 hasnt reached us.(同位语从句同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句定语从句,day是是founded的逻辑状语的逻辑状语)引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.The news(that)he told

23、me is exciting.同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子句子,谓语动词用谓语动词用be的不同形式的不同形式。He heard the news that their team had won.The news was that their team had won.此句可以变为一个表语从句此句可以变为一个表语从句:我们可以在名词和从句之间加我们可以在名词和从句之间加be，使之构成，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与

24、从句连接起来的。结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.The belief is that the earth is flat.同位语从句的简易判断方法：同位语从句的简易判断方法：Review一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式），名词（或起类似作用的其他形式），对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，什么对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，什么等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。区分同位语从句与定语从句。区分同

25、位语从句与定语从句。1.Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.(2005浙江浙江)A.who B.that C.as D.which2.Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.(2009浙江浙江)A.when B.that C.whether D.whatI.Choose the best answer.3.Modern science has given clear eviden

26、ce _ smoking can lead to many diseases.(2011天津天津)A.what B.which C.that D.where4.I made a promise to myself _ this year,my first year in high school,would be different.(2012浙江浙江)A.whether B.what C.that D.how 1.I had no idea _(你在你在 这里这里).2.The belief _ (条条大路通罗马条条大路通罗马)is shared by many people.3.The th

27、ought came to him _ _(或许或许 敌人已经逃离了那个城市敌人已经逃离了那个城市).that you were herethat all roads lead to RomeII.Translate the following sentences.that maybethe enemy had fled from the city4.Ive come from Mr.Wangs home with a message _ (他今天下午不能去机场为你送行了他今天下午不能去机场为你送行了).5.We havent yet settled the question _ _(到哪儿去

28、度暑假到哪儿去度暑假).the airport to see you off this afternoonthat he wont be able to go tosummer vacationwhere we are going to spend our III.阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语 法性和上下文连贯的要求，根据提示法性和上下文连贯的要求，根据提示 填空。填空。In 1929,three years after his flight over the North Pole,the American _(explore),R.E.Byrd,succe

29、ssfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.Though,at first,Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below,they soon ran into serious trouble.explorerAt one point,it seemed certain _(连词连词)their plane would crash.It could only get over the mountain

30、s if it rose to 10,000 feet.Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks.The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.Byrd now knew _(连词连词)he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away,for there were no more mountains in sight.The fact _(连词连词)the aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty cheered everybody up.thatthatthatThank you!