Unit 3 Sea Exploration 不定式的用法 (ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、l非谓语动词之动词不定式动词不定式to doto do的用法的用法课前自主扫描主动语态 被动语态意义一般式完成式进行式完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing 表示动作与谓语动作表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后动作之后 表示动作发生在谓表示动作发生在谓语动作之前语动作之前 表示谓语动作发生时表示谓语动作发生时,不定式动作正在进行不定式动作正在进行 表示动作发生在谓语动表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发

2、生时语动作发生时,仍在进行仍在进行 To err is human.谚谚金无足赤，人无完人。金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，人非圣贤，孰能无过孰能无过 To finish this job in one day is impossible.要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。一、不定式做主语一、不定式做主语 1 1、不定式不定式作主语作主语时，时，在很多情况下在很多情况下都可以用都可以用v-ingv-ing替代，但替代，但表示较强烈的表示较强烈的对比对比，或在，或在某些固定说法某些固定说法时，通常不用时，通常不用v-ingv-ing替代替代 It is ve

3、ry interesting to play in the snow in winter.冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。2 2、不定式作主语、不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数。3 3、若动词不定式太长，则往往用、若动词不定式太长，则往往用itit代替动词不定式作形式主语，不定式代替动词不定式作形式主语，不定式移至句末，以使句子结构平衡。移至句末，以使句子结构平衡。真题链接1、(2021 新高考I卷语法填空政编）You cant help wondering how hard it was for the people then _(put)all those r

4、ocks into place.2、(2021全国甲卷语法填空节选)It is possible _(walk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.to put to walk3、(2021 全国高考乙卷语法填空政编）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _(have)a low impact on the natural environment.to have to walk二、不定式做二、不定式做表语表语 1 1、不定式置于不定式置于bebe

5、动词后面动词后面作表语时，作表语时，常常表示表示将来将来的的动作动作或起或起解释说明解释说明的的作用作用，其其主语常常主语常常是是dream、wish、idea、plan、task、purpose、duty、job等等表表示意向示意向、打算打算、职责职责等等意义意义的词。的词。His dream is to become an astronaut.他的梦想他的梦想是是成为一名宇航员成为一名宇航员。真题链接（2021 新高考I卷阅读理解改编）。His job is _(sit)beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the mu

6、sician doesnt have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.to sit三、不定式做宾三、不定式做宾语语 1 1、一些动词后常跟动词不定式一些动词后常跟动词不定式（而（而不跟不跟v-ingv-ing）做）做宾语宾语，常见常见的的该类动词该类动词有：（口诀）有：（口诀）主动提出选计划主动提出选计划 同意请求等一等同意请求等一等 想要学会有决心想要学会有决心 可能碰巧会失败可能碰巧会失败 拒绝假装必成功拒绝假装必成功2、有一些动词后有一些动词后既可以既可以加加 to do形式作形式作宾语，宾语，也可以也可以加加 v-in

7、g作宾语，但作宾语，但意义意义不同不同。mean to do sth.mean doing sth.打算做某事打算做某事 意味着做某事意味着做某事go on to do sth.go on doing sth.继续做另一件事继续做另一件事 继续做同一件事继续做同一件事3、用于用于“v.+it+adj./n.+to do”结构中结构中。其中。其中it做形式宾语，不定式为真正的做形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。宾语。能用于该结构的动词有能用于该结构的动词有feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等等I find it pleasant to work with hi

8、m.eg：我发现跟他一块儿工作挺愉快的我发现跟他一块儿工作挺愉快的。I think it useful to learn a foreign language.eg：我认为学一门外语是有用的我认为学一门外语是有用的。真题链接1、(四川高考单项填空改编）New technologies have made it possible _ (turn)out new products faster and at a lower cost.2、（山东高考单项填空改编）The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _(tell)on

9、e from theother.to turn to tell四、不定式做定四、不定式做定语语 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的词后面。词后面。1 1、动词不定式做定语的几种情况：动词不定式做定语的几种情况：序数词序数词、形容词形容词最高级最高级或或 the only/the first/the next等后等后或或被这些词修饰被这些词修饰的名词后，常用不定式作定语的名词后，常用不定式作定语 He is always the first to come and the last to leave.eg：他总是第一个来，最后一个走：他总是第一个来，最后一个走。抽象名词

10、抽象名词 time、way、reason、chance、opportunity、ability、promise、attempt等后常用不定式作定语等后常用不定式作定语。He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.eg：他许诺明天按时来这：他许诺明天按时来这。真题链接1、(浙江高考语法填空节选）Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _(change)lives.2、（全国I卷阅读理解改编）This small group bike to

11、ur is a fantastic way _(see)the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.to change to see真题链接3、(北京高考单项填空改编）Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives,including your own.to change something、anything、nothing等不等不定代词后常用不定式作定语定代词后常用不定式作定语。Do you have anything to say？eg：你有什么要

12、说的吗？你有什么要说的吗？动词动词不定式作定语可表示不定式作定语可表示将来的、将来的、还没发生的还没发生的动作动作。He said he had an important meeting to attend.eg：他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。：他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。在在there be 句型中，句型中，作主语的名词作主语的名词后可后可接动词不定式作定语接动词不定式作定语。不定式用主动式或被动式均可，一般不定式用主动式或被动式均可，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。用主动形式表示被动意义。Theres nothing to worry about.eg：没什么可担心的。：没什么可担心的。be

13、 worried about.特别提醒特别提醒：见下张：见下张特别提醒：特别提醒：在在there be 句型中，句型中，当由当由说话人说话人去去执行的动作，多用执行的动作，多用主动主动形式（表示义务形式（表示义务、责任或主动性）；由、责任或主动性）；由别人别人去执行动作去执行动作，多用，多用被动被动形式（表可能性）。形式（表可能性）。eg：There are still many things to take care of.还有许多事需要我们处理。还有许多事需要我们处理。(讲话人处理讲话人处理)There are still many things to be taken care of.e

14、g：还有许多事需要处理。：还有许多事需要处理。(别人处理别人处理)2 2、动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间的关系间的关系 动宾关系动宾关系 Do you have anything to send？eg：你有什么东西要寄吗？：你有什么东西要寄吗？eg：你有什么东西要：你有什么东西要(我或别人我或别人)寄吗？寄吗？Do you have anything to be sent？主谓主谓关系关系 指指被修饰词被修饰词是动词是动词不定式不定式中动词的中动词的逻辑主语逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式相当于关。此时的动词不定式相当于关系代词作主语的定语从句。系代词作主语的定语从句

15、。eg：We need someone to help with the work.我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。=We need someonethat can help with the work.She is the only student to attend the important meeting.eg：她是唯一一名要去参加这次重要：她是唯一一名要去参加这次重要会议的学生。会议的学生。=She is the only student that is to attend the important meeting.真题链接1、(重庆高考）I was w

16、atching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train _ A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.to be caught2、（四川高考单项填空改编）The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.C to be completed真题链接3、(重庆高考单项填空改编）Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _(make)at the meeting

17、will influence the future of our company.to be made五、不定式做五、不定式做状语状语 1 1、作目的状语作目的状语 一般放在向子后部，表示强调，也一般放在向子后部，表示强调，也可位于句首可位于句首;其前可加其前可加 in order 和和 so as,但但so as 不能放在句首不能放在句首 I came here to say goodbye to you.eg：我来这是为了向你告别：我来这是为了向你告别。In order to pass the exam,he studied hard till midnight.eg：为了通过考试：为了通

18、过考试,他努力学习到半夜他努力学习到半夜.真题链接1、(2021新高考I老阅读理解改编）Milions of aores or wetlands were dried _(feed)and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.2、（天津5月高考单项填空改编）The local government doesnt have to sacrifice environmental protection_(promote)economic growth.to feed to prom

19、ote 2 2、作原因状语作原因状语 常跟在常跟在表示表示喜、怒、哀、乐喜、怒、哀、乐等感情等感情的形容词之后。的形容词之后。Were quite glad to meet you here.eg：我们很高兴在这见到你。我们很高兴在这见到你。I am sorry to hear that your grandma is ill.eg：听说你奶奶生病了听说你奶奶生病了,我感到很难过我感到很难过。真题链接1、(全国I卷单项填空改编）The old man sat in front of the television every evening,happy _(watch)anything that

20、 happened to be on.2、They were very surprised _ (inform)of the news.to watch to be informed 3 3、作结果状语作结果状语 作结果状语时往往表示意想不到的作结果状语时往往表示意想不到的或是不愉快的结果。或是不愉快的结果。其前其前有时有时加上加上only,表出乎意料的结果表出乎意料的结果。He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.eg：他到了车站，却被告知火车已经他到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。开走了。特别提醒：特别提醒：现在分词现

21、在分词(短语短语)作结果状语多表示顺作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果其自然的结果,即句子和结果状语之间即句子和结果状语之间有一定的因果关系有一定的因果关系。Jack has made great progress,making his parents very happy.eg：杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他：杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。的父母很高兴。真题链接1、(天津高考单项填空改编）Anxiously,she took the dress outof the package and tried it on,only _(find)it didnt fit.to find六、不定式

22、做六、不定式做补语补语 1、ask,tell,invite,get,advise,allow,want,permit,warn,order,encourage,prefer,expeet,force,wish,beg 等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语 My teacher encouraged me to study abroad.eg：我的老师鼓励我出国留学我的老师鼓励我出国留学。His parents dont allow him to go out at night.eg：他父母不允许他晚上出去。他父母不允许他晚上出去。He warned

23、Tom to keep away from his daughter.eg：他警告他警告Tom离他女儿远点。离他女儿远点。2、believe、consider、declare、find、imagine、prove、suppose、think 等表等表示意见示意见 认可、判断、料想、声明等意认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是义的动词后的宾语补足语常是to be或或 to have been形式形式。I believe him to be honest.eg：我相信他是诚实的。我相信他是诚实的。l judged him to have been a teacher.eg：我判断他

24、曾是一位教师我判断他曾是一位教师。They consider it to be a quality product.eg：他们认为这是个高质量的产品。Tom was reported to have won a million dollars last week.eg：Tom被报道上周中了一百万。1、During the Mid-Auturn Festival,family members often gather together _(share)a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.to share 2、I didnt mean _(eat

25、)anything，but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying it.to eat3、Please let me know where the meeting is _（hold）tomorrow.to be held4、The students are looking forward tohaving an opportunity _(explore)sociely for real-life experience.to explore 5、Exercise energizes you,so itis more di

26、fficult _(relax)and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.to relax6、He is the first Chinese citizen _(win)this award.to win7、Its unwise of you _(sit)around feeling sorry for yourself.to sit 8、The rule says that the last one _(leave)the office should remember _(close)the windows.to leave9、S

27、he pretended _(be)calm but actually she was very nervous when she was being questioned.to closeto be10、They dont allow _(speak)loud here.That is to say,we are not allowed _(speak)loud here.speaking11、_(see)is to believe.I wont believe it until I see it myself.To see12、No matter where he is,he makes it a rule _(go)for a walk before breakfast.to goto speak13、In order not _(be）”hanery(钱怒)”,I often have some healthy snacks between meals.to be