Unit 5 Review useful structures (ppt课件)-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、 To learn something about compound sentences and complex sentences To learn to change simple sentences into long sentences To read two profiles and write a paragraph about one of them or any other person you admireSentences typesSimple Sentence 简单句简单句Compound Sentence 并列句并列句Complex Sentence 复合句复合句Co

2、mpound Complex 并列复合句并列复合句一一、简单句简单句简单句简单句是只有一个主语是只有一个主语(或并列主语或并列主语)和一个谓语和一个谓语(或并列谓语或并列谓语)构成的句子。例如：构成的句子。例如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.(并列主语，只有一个谓语并列主语，只有一个谓语)She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the magazines.(并列并列谓语，只有一个谓语，只有一个主语主语)语法精析二、二、并列句并列句1.

3、定义定义包含包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：The food was good,but he had little appetite.One of the clocks hands is short;the other two are long.2.并列句并列句的分类的分类1)表表并列关系并列关系，引导词有：，引导词有：and，not only.but also，neither.nor，both.and，not.butNeither Tom nor Jack

4、has finished the homework.Not couldnt they complete the task,but the task was too tough.2)表表转折关系转折关系：but，yet，whereas，nevertheless(但是；然而但是；然而)John likes playing basketball,but he didnt play it yesterday.Jane said that she was ill,yet/but/whereas I saw her in the street just now.注意主谓一致注意主谓一致注意否定词置于句首，

5、构成倒装注意否定词置于句首，构成倒装3.表表选择关系选择关系：or，otherwise，or else，either.orWe must hurry,or well miss the train.Either you come to my place or I go to yours.4.表表因果关系因果关系：for，soWe had better stay at home,for it was raining.He didnt work hard,so he failed in the examination.5.表表对比关系对比关系：whileI do every single bit o

6、f housework while my husband Tom just washes dishes now and then.6.祈使句祈使句and/or 简单句，祈使句表示一个条件，简单句，祈使句表示一个条件，and引导引导的简单句表示一的简单句表示一个承接的结果，个承接的结果，or引导的简单句表示一个相引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，反的结果，简单句简单句多多用用一般将来时一般将来时态。态。Read this story,and you will enjoy your life now more.Take the flowers into a warm room,or they wil

7、l die quickly.三、三、复合句复合句1.定义及结构定义及结构由由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中在复合句中主句是全句的主体主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来起来。例如例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。2.主从主从复合句的分类复合句的分类根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作

8、用，主从复合句主根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用，主从复合句主要要分为分为名词名词性从句性从句、定语从句定语从句和和状语从句状语从句。1)名词名词性从句性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组功能相当于名词词组，因此因此可可分为主语从句、宾语从句、分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句表语从句和同位语从句。That the match will be cancelled is now certain.(主语从句主语从句)How it all happened is a mystery to me.(主

9、语从句主语从句)I know(that)youll succeed.(宾语从句宾语从句)I wonder if you could stay for another day.(宾语从句宾语从句)The question is whether they have singed a contract.(表语从句表语从句)Thats why I object to the plan.(表语从句表语从句)There is a rumour(流言、谣言流言、谣言)that he has married a widow.(同位语从句同位语从句)The idea that money means every

10、thing is unsound.(同位语同位语)2.定语定语从句从句 定语从句定语从句多多由由关系词关系词(关系代词或关系副词关系代词或关系副词)引出。引出。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.Ill never forget the days when I worked tog

11、ether with you.(when在从句中作状语，可替换成介词在从句中作状语，可替换成介词inwhich)As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.(as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面)3.状语从句状语从句用作状语的从句很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、用作状语的从句很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、比较、让步等。方式、目的、结果、比较、让步等。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.(时间状语从句时间状语从句

12、)Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.(原因状语从句原因状语从句)You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.(目的状语从句目的状语从句)He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.(结果状语从句结果状语从句)As long as we dont lose heart,well turn our dreams into realities.(条件状语从句条件状语从句)

13、Although its raining,they are still working in the fields.(让步状语从句让步状语从句)四、并列复合句四、并列复合句如果并列句中的两个分句又含有从句的话，那就成为更加复如果并列句中的两个分句又含有从句的话，那就成为更加复杂的并列复合句杂的并列复合句。例如：例如：I admire Tim,but he doesnt admire me,although I try hard to impress him.我钦佩蒂姆，但他并不钦佩我，尽管我努力想给他留下深刻我钦佩蒂姆，但他并不钦佩我，尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象印象。前前1、2分句是并列关系

14、，而第分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句与第分句与第3分句之间又是主分句之间又是主从复合关系。从复合关系。Even if you fail,at least you try,and you are a better person for it.即使你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这个事情的理即使你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这个事情的理想人选。想人选。前前1、2分句是主从复合关系，而第分句是主从复合关系，而第1、2分句与第分句与第3分句之间分句之间又是并列关系。又是并列关系。Find the following types of long sentences in the reading t

15、ext.A compound sentenceB complex sentenceC compound-complex sentenceA compound sentenceThere are many free tests online,so give one a try.So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now!B complex sentence(There are so many complex sentences.Here are just some.)As an a

16、dult,one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is,“What do you do?”The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school,before you make any choices about your further education.The top three scores are used to make a code that indicates the

17、participants overall work personality.However,it is important to remember that they are only meant for guidance.The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about.C compound-complex sentence The career you have defines your life,and so taking time to think about it is an

18、essential exercise for young people.Some people know what they want to do from a young age,but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.The results of the test will tell you about your strengths and interests,and some tests also suggest careers that you may be suited to.The c

19、areer suggestions are also based on your education and experience level,but you can look at higher-level careers as well,which is very useful for high school students.For example,you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now,and then look at the more advanced careers so you

20、 know what you may like to aim for in the future.Career guidance ought to be included at high school,and the school should also offer a work experience programme.Dreaming to become somebody great is easy,but working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.Change these simple sentences into long sent

21、ences.Pay attention to the connectors you need to use.You never know where youll be working in the future,so learn as much as possible and study a foreign language,because it is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.Social occupations,which often involve helping or providing service,re

22、quire communicating with people.Many people believe that since AI is developing rapidly,lawyers,teachers,librarians,drivers,and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by AI in the future.Advice on Making a Career PlanA.The plan will require you to focus on _ you want to do and _ to achieve it.B.

23、A career plan makes you think about your future,including _ careers interest you most and _ skills and trainings you will need to succeed.Complete the sentences using what,which,that,who,and how.Then put the sentences into the correct order to make a complete passage.what how what what/whichC.Of cou

24、rse,the CV should be tailored to match the careers in your plan,_ will leave you well prepared to make the most of all opportunities _ become available to you.D.Finally,for useful information on _ to decide on careers and _ to put in your CV,find some websites _ specialise in career advice or go to

25、someone _ can help.which which/that how what that/which whoE.Along with your career plan,you should also think about a CV,_ is essential for showing your potential employers your skills and experiences.F.These two things are _ you should start thinking about right now,as they will safeguard your fut

26、ure,_ is important to everyone.which what whichCorrect order:A 2,B 1,C 4,D 5,E 3,F 6Karl Marx;1818-1883;born in Germany,died in London;studied law and philosophy;philosopher and thinker,economist,historian,sociologist,revolutionary socialist;creator of Marxism,founder of international communism,co-w

27、riter of The Communist ManifestoRead the two profiles below.Write a paragraph about one of them or any other person you admire.Try to make the sentences work together effectively.社会主义者社会主义者共产主义的共产主义的Karl Marx was born in Germany in 1818 and died in London in 1883.At university he studied law and phi

28、losophy,but he wore many hats in his long career:He was a philosopher and thinker,economist,historian,and sociologist.As a revolutionary socialist,he was the creator of Marxism,the founder of international communism,and the co-writer of The Communist Manifesto.to have many jobs or rolesZhong Yang(钟扬

29、钟扬);1964-2017;botanist,professor at Fudan University;dedicated his life to research on seeds;travelled to places which no other botanists had ever been to;spent years in remote and primitive areas searching for and collecting seedsZhong Yang,who lived from 1964 to 2017,was a botanist.As a professor

30、at Fudan University,he dedicated his life to research on seeds.Travelling to places which no other botanists had ever been to,he spent years in remote and primitive areas searching for and collecting seeds.Write a paragraph about a person you admire.Try to use compound sentences,complex sentences or compound-complex sentences where necessary.