2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册第一单元 词汇学习（ppt课件+学案）.rar

1、 人人教版教版(2019)新教材高中英语选择性必修新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册第四册 Unit 1 SCIENCE FICTION 科科幻小说幻小说 Words and Expressions fiction fiction1.fiction fkn:n.小说小说(U.);虚虚构的事构的事(C.)novel nv()l:n.小说小说 adj.新颖的新颖的;与众不同的与众不同的thriller:n.惊险小说惊险小说story:n.故事故事;小说小说;传记传记;报道报道historical/romantic fiction:历史历史/言情小言情小说说1)I read everything fro

2、m fiction to history.2)He quitted/quit the job to concentrate on writing fiction.3)Her account of the crime is a complete fiction.2.science fiction(informal:sci-fi)(abbr.SF):科幻小说科幻小说(或影片等或影片等)1)I like science fiction,just I like my life.2)She is a popular writer of science fiction.3)Of all types of

3、movies,we like science fiction the best.3.test out:检验检验;测试测试 try out:试用试用;测试测试;试验试验1)The household robot was going to be tested out by Larrys wife,Claire.2)He was not able to test out his theory.3)I want to test out the TV set before I buy it.4.bonus bns:n.意外收获意外收获;奖奖金金;红利红利 reward rwd:n.奖励奖励;报酬报酬;悬

4、赏金悬赏金 award wd:n.奖奖;奖品奖品;奖金奖金;奖奖状状allowance lans:n.津贴津贴;补助补助money:n.钱钱cash:n.现金现金currency:n.货货币币1)You will get a bonus after you finish the work.2)The girl is expecting a Chinese New years bonus.3)Youll be paid a bonus at the end of every year.5.more like.:更像是更像是;更接近更接近be like：像：像look like：看起来像：看起来像

5、1)The robot seemed more like a human than a machine.2)I think he is more like his mother.3)We believe the figure should be more like 10 billion dollars.6.ridiculous rdkjls:adj.愚蠢的愚蠢的;荒谬的荒谬的;荒唐的荒唐的ridiculously:adv.荒荒唐地唐地;荒荒谬地谬地;令人惊奇地令人惊奇地It is ridiculous to do.:做做什么是愚蠢的什么是愚蠢的/荒谬的荒谬的/荒唐的荒唐的It is ridic

6、ulous that.:.是愚蠢的是愚蠢的/荒谬的荒谬的/荒唐荒唐的的fun fn:adj.有趣的有趣的;好玩的好玩的;令令人开心的人开心的/快乐的快乐的/愉快的愉快的funny fn:adj.滑稽的滑稽的;好笑的好笑的;有有趣的趣的;奇怪的奇怪的;疯癫的疯癫的foolish ful:adj.愚蠢的愚蠢的;可笑的可笑的silly sl:adj.傻的傻的;糊涂的糊涂的;可笑的可笑的stupid stjupd:adj.愚蠢的愚蠢的;糊糊涂的涂的;迟钝的迟钝的;烦人的烦人的comic:adj.滑稽的滑稽的;好笑好笑的的7.integrity nterti:n.诚实正直诚实正直;完整完整;完好完好ho

7、nest nst:adj.诚实的诚实的;正直的正直的honesty:n.诚实诚实;正直正直perfect pfikt:adj.完美的完美的;极好的极好的;理想的理想的;正确正确的的1)We have always regarded him as a man of integrity.2)Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.3)

8、The ancient tower is still there,but not in its integrity.4)Their decision is a threat to the integrity of the country.8.dignity dnti:n.庄重庄重;庄严庄严;尊严尊严 with dignity:有尊严地有尊严地1)Its difficult to preserve your dignity when you have no money.2)The robot always treated her with dignity.3)The president shou

9、ld be allowed to die with dignity.salary9.salary slri:n.薪水薪水;薪金薪金 (常指月工常指月工资资,也也可用来表示年可用来表示年薪。薪。)a salary of 400,000 dollars a year:年年薪薪40万美元万美元wage wed:n.工资工资 (小时小时/天天/周工资周工资)offer/pay/raise a wage/salary:提提供供/支付支付/上调工上调工资资income:n.收入收入;收益收益pay:n.工资工资;薪水薪水get a rise/raise:涨工涨工资资get paid:领工资领工资a 10%

10、salary increase:加薪加薪10%1)She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasnt elegant enough for Larry,who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary.2)The salary will be fixed according to qualifications and experience.3)I am on a salary of 5,900 yuan.=My salary is 5,900 yuan.4)My s

11、alary is paid directly into my bank.5)The US president gets a salary of 400,000 dollars a year.10.absurd bsd:adj.荒谬的荒谬的;荒唐的荒唐的ridiculous rdkjls:adj.愚蠢的愚蠢的;荒谬的荒谬的;荒唐的荒唐的It is absurd to do.:做做什么是荒谬的什么是荒谬的/荒唐荒唐的的It is absurd that.:.是荒谬的是荒谬的/荒唐的荒唐的1)She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned e

12、ach page.How absurd,she thought.He was just a machine.2)That hat makes the woman look absurd/ridiculous.3)You look absurd/ridiculous in your wifes skirt.4)Its absurd/ridiculous to believe that the earth goes around the moon.appointment11.appointment pntmnt:n.预约预约;约会约会;委任委任 appoint:v.任任命命;委任委任;约定约定ke

13、ep an appointment:准时赴约准时赴约have an appointment with:和和约会约会 (办事情等办事情等)have a date with:和和约会约会 (情人之间情人之间)1)She made an appointment for her daughter to see the doctor.2)I have an appointment with my boss.3)His appointment is a complete surprise-he is just a civilian.4)The appointment of Jack as governor

14、 will be announced tomorrow.nail nail 12.nail nel:n.指甲指甲;趾甲趾甲;钉子钉子 vt.(用钉子用钉子)钉牢钉牢;固定固定hammer hm:n.锤子锤子 v.锤击锤击nail.down:把把.盯牢盯牢/固定固定nail.up:用钉子把用钉子把(门门/窗窗)封住封住/封死封死;用用钉子把什么固定到什么钉子把什么固定到什么上上1)She had an appointment to paint her nails,then she went into an expensive clothes shop.2)As a cook,you should

15、 keep your nails short and your hands clean.3)I have nailed the road sign to a big tree.4)The loose board in the floor should be nailed down.saleswoman13.saleswoman selzwmn:n.女售货员女售货员;女推销员女推销员 salesman:n.男售货员男售货员;男推销员男推销员1)The saleswoman there was rude to her,so she rang Tony and told him she was be

16、ing treated badly.2)His aunt is a car saleswoman.3)The customer demanded an apology from the saleswoman in the supermarket.14.guilty lti:adj.内疚的内疚的;有有罪的罪的;有过失的有过失的guilt:n.内疚内疚;犯罪犯罪;罪行罪行 innocence nsns:n.天真天真;单纯单纯;无罪无罪 innocent nsnt:adj.天真无邪的天真无邪的;无无辜的辜的;无恶意无恶意的的crime kram:n.犯罪犯罪;罪行罪行commit a/the cri

17、me:犯罪犯罪be/feel guilty about.:对对.感到内疚感到内疚/到惭愧到惭愧find/prove someone guilty:认认定定/证明某人有证明某人有罪罪1)Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt guilty.2)I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.3)Lucy had a guilty look on her face.4)The man was found guilty of murder.15.suspend sspend:vt.悬

18、悬;挂挂;暂停暂停;暂缓暂缓hang h:v.吊吊;悬挂悬挂 (hung)(经常用主动表示被动经常用主动表示被动)stop:v.使停止使停止;停下停下;停止停止pause pz:v.暂暂停停;停顿停顿delay dle:v.延迟延迟;延期延期;推迟推迟postpone pspn:v.延延迟迟;延期延期put off:推迟推迟;拖拖延延1)The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems.2)The plan was suspended in July 2020.3)A lamp/

19、fan is suspended from the ceiling.=A lamp/fan hangs from the ceiling.4)The presidents body was found suspended by a rope.16.ladder ld(r):n.梯子梯子;阶梯阶梯climb up/fall off a ladder:爬爬上上/跌下梯子跌下梯子a flight of stairs:一段楼梯一段楼梯climb the stairs:爬楼梯爬楼梯upstairs:adv./adj.楼上楼上downstairs:adv./adj.楼楼下下1)Claire tried t

20、o help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling,but she fell off the ladder.2)Her uncle fell off a ladder and broke his arm/leg.3)Please stand the ladder up against the wall.4)This ladder doesnt seem very stable/secure.17.dismiss dsms:vt.让让(某人某人)离开离开;解散解散;解雇解雇;消除消除fire/dismiss sb:解雇某人解雇某人hir

21、e/employ sb:雇用某人雇用某人1)The guests would be arriving soon,so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.2)I was so pleased to hear the bell ring and our teacher announce,“Class is dismissed.”3)If you dont work hard,youll be dismissed(from the company).4)The doctors explanation cannot dismiss thei

22、r doubt.18.declare dkle(r):vt.表明表明;宣称宣称;公布公布declare war on:向向宣战宣战announce:v.宣宣布布;宣告宣告;通知通知;声称声称;宣称宣称claimklem:v.宣称宣称;声称声称;索取索取1)She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day,and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.2)The government has declared a state of emerg

23、ency.3)The court declared that their strike was illegal.4)I declare this bridge/museum/hospital open.5)The USA declared war on Japan on December 8,1941.19.whereas werz:conj.然而然而;但是但是;尽管尽管 while:conj.然而然而but:conj.但是但是however haev:adv.然而然而;但是但是regardless/despite of=in spite of =in despite of=despite:不

24、不管管;不顾不顾;尽尽管管1)Some students enjoy English classes,whereas some hate them.2)Some people like coffee,whereas/while others like tea.3)Whereas knowledge can be acquired from books,skills must be learned through practice.20.rumour/rumor rum(r):n.谣言谣言;传闻传闻start/spread a rumour:制制造造/散布谣言散布谣言1)Rumours are

25、like sharp knives,cutting ones self-respect into pieces.We should be aware of this and not spread unkind news around.2)I heard a rumour that they are getting married/promoted.3)She decided to shut her ears to all the rumours.4)The White House was swift to deny the rumours.21.presume przjum przum:vt.

26、&vi.假设假设;假定假定;认为认为presumption przmpn:n.假设假设;假定假定assume sjum:v.设想设想;假定假定;认为认为suppose:v.假定假定;假设假设;认为认为 (正式正式)imagine:v.想象想象;设想设想;认认为为suppose/supposing/assuming/provided/providing+that句子句子:假假如如;假假定定 【上结构上结构that 前的词均是连词前的词均是连词】1)Supposing that she doesnt come,we will still go.2)Supposing he is absent,wh

27、at shall we do?1)Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.2)When a person is brought to an American court,he is presumed innocent until proven guilty.3)The court presumed the death of the man that disappeared during the war.4)We presumed(that)he understood a

28、ll the rules.5)I presumed him to be her husband.22.fare fe(r):n.车费车费;船费船费;飞飞机机/火车火车/公共汽车公共汽车/出租车票价出租车票价 fee:n.服务费服务费;酬金酬金;咨询费咨询费;报报名费名费;会费会费tuition fee:学费学费 【tjun:教学教学;讲授讲授;指导指导;学费学费】(pay/afford)bus/taxi/train(railway/rail)/air fares(to.):公公共汽车费共汽车费/出租汽车费出租汽车费/火车票价火车票价/飞机票飞机票价价1)What is the fare fro

29、m here to Tokyo?2)Whats the fare to France?3)The fare is 3500 dollars.4)A single/round-trip fare is 290 pounds.5)Children under four travel (at)half fare/half-fare.6)The student should pay full fare.7)Many airlines have brought down (air)fares.23.weekly wikli:adj.每周每周的的adv.每周每周=every week n.周刊周刊a we

30、ekly meetings:周会周会monthly:adv.&adj.每月一次每月一次的的;每每月月=every month n.月刊月刊daily:adv.每天每天;天天天天=every day adj.每天的每天的;每日的每日的 n.日报日报1)In addition to my weekly wage,I got a lot of tips.2)The newspaper is published twice weekly.3)The boy improves his English by reading English Weekly.24.on a.basis:根根据据;以以的方式的方

31、式(基准基准)according(to):根据根据;按照按照on a 24/7 basis:一一周不分白天黑夜的方式周不分白天黑夜的方式on a daily/weekly basis:按按每天每天/每周的方式每周的方式on a five-day-a-week basis:一一周五天的方周五天的方式式on a regular/permanent/part-time/temporary basis:以以定期定期/永久永久/兼职兼职/临时性方式临时性方式1)The truck is checked on a regular basis.2)The students can only get scho

32、larships on a competitive basis.3)The workers get paid on a daily/weekly basis.25.calculate klkjulet:vt.计算计算;核算核算;预测预测 1)They believe if Al can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will have more time for creating,thinking,and“being human”.2)Since I dont have much time,I need to calcu

33、late how long it will take me to do the task.3)With so many factors,it is difficult to calculate the cost.4)Scientists have calculated the distance between the earth and the moon.5)It has been calculated that at least 6,000 jobs were lost last year.26.chairwoman tewmn:n.女主席女主席;女董事长女董事长;女委员长女委员长 chai

34、rman:n.男主席男主席;男董事长男董事长;男委员长男委员长president prezdnt:n.国家主席国家主席;总总统统;校长校长;院长院长;董事长董事长;行行长长1)Janet was elected chairwoman of the student union last month.2)His mother was once chairwoman of Sun Media Group.3)If you speak for too long,the chairwoman will cut you off.27.gramme/ram rm:n.克克(重量单位重量单位)kilogram

35、/kilo klrm/ki:l n.千克千克;公斤公斤ton tn:n.吨吨pound:n.磅磅 (1 pound=0.454 kilograms)by the gram/kilogram/ton:以以克克/千克千克/吨为单位吨为单位by weight:以重量为单以重量为单位位1)A football weighs about 400 grams.2)There are five hundred grams of sugar in the bottle.3)Sorry,but we sell the roast Beijing duck by the gram.flour 28.flour f

36、la(r):n.面粉面粉;(谷物磨成的谷物磨成的)粉粉 flower fla(r):n.花花1)Two hundred grammes of flour should be added to the cake mix.2)Flour is sold by the kilogram.29.venue venju:n.活动场地活动场地(如音乐如音乐厅厅/会会场等场等)avenue vnju:n.(城镇的城镇的)大街大街;林荫道林荫道stadium:n.体育场体育场;运动场运动场sportsground:n.操场操场;运动场运动场playground:n.游乐场游乐场;操场操场gymdm:n.健健身

37、房身房;体育馆体育馆bowl:n.椭圆形体育椭圆形体育场场1)A 3000-seat venue was built for the circus performance in November.2)Please note the change of venue for the sports meeting.3)The venue for the World Cup remains undecided.salesman30.salesman selzmn:n.售货员售货员;推销员推销员 saleswoman:n.女售货员女售货员;女推销员女推销员1)When I entered the roo

38、m,I found that the salesmans salary was being discussed at the meeting.2)His son is a car salesman/an insurance salesman.3)The salesman gave him his change.alien alien31.alien elin:n.外星人外星人(生物生物);外国人外国人 adj.陌生的陌生的;外星的外星的;外国的外国的 foreign frn:adj.外国的外国的;外来的外来的;陌生的陌生的foreigner frn:n.外国人外国人an alien envir

39、onment:陌生的环境陌生的环境an alien culture:异域文化异域文化1)Topics like life in the future,Al development,and aliens are often found in sci-fi.2)Do you think well meet an alien from outer space in the future?3)I am an alien,so I am not familiar with the city.4)Such an attitude is alien to all the teachers.5)He quic

40、kly adjusted to the alien environment.6)They are alien people.7)Jim is an alien being in this film.32.(the)pros and cons:prz knz 事事物的利与弊物的利与弊;支持与反对支持与反对 1)What are the pros and cons of robots doing these jobs?2)You must weigh up the pros and cons of city and country life.3)We need to discuss the pro

41、s and cons of this project.33.blurred bld:adj.模糊不清的模糊不清的;难以区分的难以区分的 a blurred image/picture(photo)/memory:模模糊的形象糊的形象/照片照片/记忆记忆1)The line between humans and robots will be more blurred in the future.2)Your writing is blurred.3)Sometimes fiction and reality are blurred.34.superior supri(r)sjupri:adj.更

42、好的更好的;占优势的占优势的;(在级别或重要性上在级别或重要性上)更高的更高的 1)The enemy won because of their superior numbers.2)Neither approach is superior.3)He talked as if he had superior abilities.35.(be)superior to.:比比更好更好;更胜一筹更胜一筹 be senior/junior to sb:比比年长年长/年幼年幼;比比.级别高级别高/低低1)They are much stronger than we are and may be supe

43、rior to us in the future.2)The new generation of smartphones is greatly superior to older version.3)There is no doubt that the new method is superior to the old one.4)Dont think you are superior to us in studies.36.take over:占上风占上风;取而代之取而代之;接接管管;接手接手 take over from.:占上风占上风;取而代之取而代之take over.from.:接管

44、接管;接手接手1)In science fiction stories,robots often become superior and take over.2)Will robots take over from human beings in the future?3)The Taliban took over the capital peacefully.4)They planned to take over the airport/factory/shop/farm/business.37.inaction nkn:n.无行动无行动;不采取措施不采取措施action kn:n.行动行动

45、;活动活动;动作动作take action(s)(to do):采采取行动做什取行动做什么么1)A robot may not injure a human being,or,through inaction.2)Even our inaction is a form of action.3)But the president said that was no excuse for inaction.4)We do not accept this as an excuse for government inaction.38.conflict with:与与冲突或抵触冲突或抵触1)A robo

46、t must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.2)A robot must protect its own existence,as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.3)The report brought her into conflict with the authorities.4)George often com

47、es into conflict with his boss.5)These results conflict with earlier findings.6)Do American laws conflict with any international laws?39.labour/labor leb(r):n.劳动劳动(者者);体力劳动体力劳动 (U.)vi.奋斗奋斗;努力工作努力工作1)The robots will probably do most of our labour for us.2)Some developed countries lack skilled labour/

48、workers.3)The farmers laboured/worked all day in the fields.4)For 30 years now he has laboured to build a better community.leather leathers40.leather le(r):n.皮革皮革;pl.皮衣皮衣;皮外套皮外套 feather fe(r):n.羽毛羽毛1)You should polish shoes regularly to protect the leather.2)He bought a leather jacket yesterday.3)In

49、 the 1990s many people liked to wear black leathers.lever lever41.lever liv(r)levr:n.操纵杆操纵杆;杠杆杠杆 level lev()l:n.水平水平;水准水准liver lv(r):n.肝脏肝脏;肝肝1)Pull the lever towards you to adjust the speed.2)He pulled the lever to start the motor.3)The driver pushed a lever to speed up the car.panel panel42.panel

50、pnl:n.控制板控制板;仪表盘仪表盘;专专家咨询组家咨询组 pan pn:n.平底锅平底锅meter:n.计计量器量器/表表 (用于测量电用于测量电/煤气煤气/水水/时间时间/距离等的距离等的)a control/display panel:控控制制/显示面显示面板板1)The unusual control panel on the walls caught our attention.2)He will ask the ten-man panel for advice on how to control the situation.3)The panel says that such a