Unit 1 Food for thought Section B（ppt课件）-2022新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、Section B Using language 词汇一 function(1)n.(事物的)功能；作用；(某人的)职责 (2)v.起作用，正常运转 教材原句 Now talk about the function of modals.现在谈谈情态动词的功能。要点必记 the function of the heart 心脏的功能 perform/fulfil a function 发挥功能；履行职责 function as 起作用 function well/normally 运转良好/正常题组练领悟方法核心词汇 单句语法填空(1)Compared to the traditional on

2、es,they have three new unique _(function).(2)We have a spare bedroom that also functions _ a study.单句写作(3)Despite the power cuts,the hospital continued to _ _(正常运作).(4)In your new job you will _ _ _ _ _(履行许多不同的职责).perform a variety of functions as function normally functions词汇二 related adj.有关系的，相关的

3、要点必记(1)a related question 相关的问题 a stress-related illness 压力导致的疾病 be related to 与有关系/有关联 be closely/directly related to 与 有密切的/直接的关系(2)relate to 涉及；与相关 relate A to B 把 A 与 B 联系起来(3)in relation to 关于；与相关 误区警示 related to 和 connected with 常在句中作后置定语，相当于 which/that 引导的定语从句。单词积累 relate v.有关联；把联系起来 relation

4、 n.关系；联系 relative adj.相对的 n.亲戚 relatively adv.相当地，相对地单句语法填空(1)词汇复现 He suffers from memory loss _(relate)to his disease.(2)Police now believe that the three crimes could be _(relate).(3)The study found a direct _(relate)between smoking and lung cancer.(4)We need to explain why these issues are import

5、ant and relate them _ everyday life.(5)Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but its _(relative)small when compared with the others.单句写作(6)词汇复现 There is no doubt that your disease _ _ _(与有关)your unhealthy diet.(7)His remarks didnt _ _(与有关)the topic under discussion.relatedrelatedr

6、elationtorelativelyis related torelate to词汇三 diet(1)n.日常饮食；节食；规定饮食(2)v.节食，按规定进食 教材原句 If you dare not try a“painful”diet to stay healthy.如果你不敢尝试“痛苦的”饮食来保持健康 要点必记 a healthy/balanced/poor diet 健康的/均衡的/糟糕的饮食 be on a diet 在节食(表示状态)go on a diet 开始节食(表示动作)follow a diet 按照规定饮食 stick to a diet 坚持某一种饮食 单句语法填空

7、(1)Good health is connected with _ healthy diet.(2)Have you been _ a diet?Youve lost a lot of weight.单句写作(3)To keep fit,we should have _ _ _(均衡的饮食)and take exercise every day.(4)I decided to _ _ _ _(节食)before my holiday.(5)I wont have any ice cream.I _(正在节食).a ona balanced dietgo on a dietam on a di

8、et/am dieting词汇四 addict n.对着迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人 教材原句 So,if youre a sugar addict and arent able to say no to chocolate or cola,you had better download it now!所以，如果你是一个爱吃糖的人，不能拒绝巧克力和可乐，你最好现在就下载它！要点必记(1)a TV addict 电视迷 a drug addict 吸毒成瘾的人(2)be/become/get addicted to 对 上瘾；沉迷于(to 是介词)单词积累单词积累addicted adj.上瘾的；对着迷

9、的addictive adj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的addiction n.瘾；入迷，嗜好 单句写作(1)The young guy _ _ _(沉迷于)surfing the Internet 单句语法填空(2)Once you get _(addict)to drugs，you have difficulty ingetting rid of them(3)What he is worried about is that his son has been addicted to _ (play)computer games.(4)Tobacco is highly _(addict)bec

10、ause it contains nicotine.(5)Smoking is a harmful habit and makes people _(addict)once they start doing itaddicted addictiveaddictedplaying is addicted to 词汇五 custom n.风俗，习惯，传统 教材原句.new and different customs can also be confusing.新的和不同的习俗也会让人感到困惑。要点必记 a local custom 当地的风俗习惯 an old/ancient custom 旧的/

11、古老的习俗 the custom of doing sth.做某事的习俗 It is the custom(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)做某事是习惯。词语辨析 custom 与 habit custom 指社会的“风俗，习俗”。habit 指个人的“习惯”。误区警示 custom 的复数形式 customs 还可以表示“海关”；a customs officer 海关官员。单句写作(1)You should adapt yourself to _ _(当地的风俗习惯)when you go to a new country.(2)In Japan _ _ _ _ _ _ _(脱

12、掉是风俗)your shoes when you enter a house.辨析填空(custom/habit)(3)The celebration of the Spring Festival in China is a _.(4)He has formed a bad _ of smoking since an early age.(5)There is a nice _ in the area.Thats to say，people have formed the _ of getting together for celebrating harvest.local customsit

13、 is the custom to take offcustomhabitcustomhabit词汇六manners n.礼貌，礼仪 教材原句 Table manners are no exception.餐桌礼仪也不例外。要点必记 have good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌 have no manners 毫无礼貌 mind ones manners 注意礼貌 Its good/bad manners to do sth.做某事是有/没有礼貌的。归纳拓展 manner n.方式，方法；举止，态度 in a.manner 以方式“用这种方式”的表达：in this way,in

14、this manner,by this means,with this method。单句语法填空(1)词汇复现 Its considered good _(manner)in some societies to leave a little food on your plate.(2)It is bad manners _(talk)with your mouth full.单句写作(3)His mother taught him to always _ _ _(注意礼貌)with his elders.(4)Im a professional and I have to conduct m

15、yself _ _ _ _(以专业方式)mannersto talkmind his mannersin a professional manner词汇七in case(1)以防万一(引导目的状语从句)(2)如果，假如(引导条件状语从句)教材原句 Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you dare not pick them up in case you get it wrong.有时候刀叉太多，你都不敢拿，怕拿错了。要点必记 in case of sth.要是，在的时候(尤用于官方告示)in any case 无论如何，不管怎

16、样 in this/that case 既然这样/那样；如果这样/那样的话 in no case 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)误区警示 in case 后常接一般现在时、一般过去时或 should。Write it down in case you forget.(不说 in case you will forget)写下来，免得你忘了。Heres a contact number,in case there should(不说 will/would)be a problem.万一出现什么问题，可以打这个联络电话。单句写作(1)He had his camera ready _ _(以防

17、)he saw something that would make a good picture.(2)_ _(假如)Im late,start without me.(3)_ _ _(如果发生)an emergency，break the glass and press the button.(4)I cant understand why I couldnt do it._ _ _(不管怎样),Im going to try.(5)You dont like your job?_ _ _(如果那样的话),why dont you leave?(6)_ _ _ _ _ _(我们决不应阻止)t

18、he students from exploring new ideas.in case In case In case ofIn any caseIn that caseIn no case should we prevent 单句语法填空(7)_ is often the case with old people,my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.(8)Take an umbrella with you,in case it _(rain).As rains/should rain词汇八trick(1)n.诀窍，技巧

19、，技法；恶作剧；诡计 (2)v.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗 教材原句 The trick is to start with the ones on the outside.诀窍是从外面的开始。要点必记 play a trick/tricks on sb.捉弄某人 trick sb.into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事 trick sb.out of sth.从某人处骗走某物归纳拓展归纳拓展make fun of sb.取笑某人play a joke/jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 单句语法填空(1)The trick is _(pick)the animal

20、 up by the back of its neck.(2)Children like to play tricks _ each other on April Fools Day.(3)The young man claimed he was tricked into _(carry)drugs.(4)The old woman _(trick)out of her life savings.(5)Im afraid the other kids will laugh _ me because I dont understandto pick oncarrying was trickeda

21、t词汇九handle n.柄，把手 v.处理，应付(=deal with)教材原句 When you finish your meal,you had better place the knife and fork together on your plate with the handles at the four oclock position.吃完饭后，你最好把刀叉一起放在你的盘子上，把刀叉的 柄放在四点钟方向。要点必记 the handle of a knife 刀柄 turn the handle 转动把手 handle.well/properly/successfully 很好地/

22、妥当地/成功地处理handle a problem 处理问题handle difficult customers 应付苛刻的顾客handle stress 调节压力 单句写作(1)She _ _ _(转动把手)and slowly opened the door.(2)To tell the truth，I dont know if I can _ _ _ _(做好这份工作).单句语法填空(3)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine,we must send for an engineer _(handle)the problem

23、.(4)We have the confidence and the ability _(handle)this important matter well.(5)Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints _(handle).turned the handlehandle the job well to handle to handlewere handled词汇十differ v.不同，不一样，有区别；(意见)有分歧 教材原句 Table manners,however,can differ in differen

24、t situations.然而，餐桌礼仪在不同的情况下会有所不同。要点必记(1)differ in 在方面不同 differ from 与不同 differ(with sb.)about/on/over sth.(与某人)在某事上持不同意见 I beg to differ.很抱歉，我不敢苟同。(2)be different from 与不同 be different in 在方面不同 单句语法填空(1)Leaves are found on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly _ size and shape.(2)词汇复现 The two s

25、tudents differ _ one another _ their ability to handle stress.(3)I have to differ _ you on that.(4)Medical opinion _(differ)as to how to treat the disease.(5)Theres a big _(differ)between knowing that something is true,and being able to prove it.infrominwithdiffersdifference词汇十一slightly adv.略微，稍微 教材

26、原句 The meatball is cooked through,which looked slightly pink inside.肉丸煮透了，里面看起来有点粉红色。要点必记 be slightly different 略微不同 slightly higher/lower/better/larger稍高/低/好/大 not in the slightest 毫不，一点也不 单词积累 slight adj.轻微的，略微的 单句语法填空(1)Fortunately，the baby was _(slight)injured in the car accident.(2)His family t

27、hen moved to a slightly _(large)house.(3)That doesnt interest me _ the slightest.单句写作(4)Did he mind lending you the car?_ _ _ _ (一点都不).slightly larger inNot in the slightest词汇十二recommend v.推荐，介绍；劝告，建议 教材原句 Highly recommended!强烈推荐！要点必记(1)recommend sth.to sb.向某人推荐某物 recommend sb.for.推荐某人做(某职位)recommen

28、d sb.as.推荐某人作为(2)recommend doing sth.建议做某事 recommend that sb.(should)do sth.建 议某人做某事 Its(strongly)recommended that.(should)do.(强烈)建议学法点拨学法点拨在 recommend(建议)后的从句中要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。有类似用法的还有 advise,order,suggest(建议)等。单句语法填空(1)I recommend this book _ anyone with an interest in chemist

29、ry.(2)She was recommended _ the post by a colleague.(3)I would strongly recommend _(buy)a quality bicycle rather than a cheap one.单句写作(4)I bought this album after a friend _ _ _ _(向我推荐它).(5)It is strongly recommended that the machines _(每年检查 一次).toforbuyingrecommended it to me(should)be checked once

30、 a year词汇十三attack(1)v.侵袭，侵蚀；袭击；攻击；抨击 (2)n.损害，伤害；袭击；攻击；抨击；(疾病的)发作 教材原句 The sugar in soft drinks forms acid and attacks our teeth for about 20 minutes each time we drink them.软饮料中的糖会形成酸，每次我们喝的时候，糖会侵蚀我们的牙齿大约 20 分钟。要点必记(1)a disease that attacks the brain 一种侵袭大脑的疾病 attack sb.with sth.用某物袭击某人 attack the e

31、nemy 攻击敌人 attack sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而抨击某人(2)an attack on 对的袭击/攻击/抨击 launch/make an attack 发起/进行攻击be/come under attack 遭到攻击/抨击have a heart attack 心脏病发作 单句语法填空(1)It is reported that this disease _(attack)the central nervous system.(2)The witness said the woman was attacked _ a broken bottle.(3)The

32、 chances of _(attack)by a shark are very small compared to other dangers.(4)The school has come _ attack for failing to encourage bright pupils.(5)His speech is widely seen as an attack _ the education system.单句写作(6)The general commanded that the soldiers should _ _ _ _(对进行攻 击)the enemy.attackswithb

33、eing attackedunderonmake an attack on词汇十四 within prep.在里，在之内 教材原句 When giving advice,its usual to give your opinion within your first sentence.给出建议时，通 常在第一句话就给出你的观点。要点必记 within ones reach 在某人够得到的范围内 within ones rights 在某人的权利范围之内 within ones power 在某人的能力范围之内 within walking distance 在步行距离之内within easy

34、 reach of 离很近，靠近within sight 在视野内，看得见within limits 在合理限度内 词语辨析 within 与 inside within 可以表示时间、空间；表示空间时，不表示具体的位置，而是范围。inside 只表示空间，表示具体的位置。一言辨异 He was waiting inside the hall and he said his grandma would be back within 10 minutes.他在大厅里 等着，并且说他奶奶 10 分钟之内会回来。单句语法填空(1)The beach is _ walking distance of

35、my house and we can hear the sound of the sea.(2)I dont think it is _ your power to carry on the research.(3)You can come and go when you want _ limits.(4)As she came _ sight of the house，she saw two men getting out of a car.withinwithinwithinwithin 单句写作(5)An ambulance was on the spot _ _(几分钟内).(6)I

36、m looking for a nearby place for my holiday.Any good ideas?How about the Moon Lake?It is _ _ _ _(离很近)the city.(7)Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table is _ _ _ _(在够得到的范 围内)little children.within minuteswithin easy reach of within the reach of 句式一不定式作表语省略 to 的情况 教材原句 All you have to do is sel

37、ect the photos of healthy food.你所要做的就是选择健康食品的照片。句式分析 不定式短语 select the photos of healthy food作表语，省略了不定式符号 to。要点必记 当主语部分含有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。现在分词短语作原 因状语，一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。重点句式 单句语法填空(1)The only thing I could do was _(go)there alone.(2)All you need to do is _(press)the button.(3)What she d

38、id to the matter was _(keep)silent.(4)When I was little，my favourite thing to do was _(go)to the playground and play on the swings.(5)2019全国卷 Now my dream is _(open)a cafe.（to）go(to)press(to)keep(to)go to open 情态动词表示说话人的某种语气或情绪，如可能、意愿、猜测、义务、需要等。特征：有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，后面接动词原形；没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外)；有些情态动词

39、有过去式，如：cancould,maymight,will would,daredared,have tohad to 等。单元语法 情态动词1 要点一 be able to 用法辨析 can 与 be able to(1)can 与 be able to 都表示能力，在意义上没有区别。但 can 只有现在式和过去式(could)，而 be able to 则有更多的形式。过去式：was/were able to 将来式：will be able to 完成式：have/has been able to(2)can 一般指自身具有的能力，而如果要表达将来的能力，一般要用 be able to。

40、(3)be able to 的过去式 was/were able to可表示在过去设法做成了某事，相当于 managed to do，而 could 则无此意义。选词填空(be able to/can)(1)Will you _come?(2)_ you read that sign from this distance?(3)This time I failed the exam,but Ill _ pass the exam next time.(4)The fire was very big,but most people _escape from it.(5)I _ give you

41、details because I dont actually haveany details.(6)He _ come again tomorrow because he is busy.(7)When he was young,he _ swim very fast.(8)Im sorry I _ answer your letter in time.(9)He said that Tom _ get there on time because he got up latebe able toCanbe able to were able tocantwont be able to hav

42、ent been able tocouldwasnt able to/couldnt要点二dare dare 意为“胆敢，敢于”，既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。(1)dare 作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，但有过去式 dared，后接动词原形，否定式为 dare not/darent，多用于否定句或疑问句。(2)dare 作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化，后接带 to 的不定式，否定式要在其前加 do not 或 dont。不定式符号 to有时可以省略。学法点拨 情态动词 dare 可用于以下结构：I dare say.我想/我敢说 How dare you.?你怎么敢？一句多译她晚

43、上不敢一个人出去。(1)_(dare 作情态动词)(2)_(dare 作实义动词)她晚上敢一个人出去吗？(3)_(dare 作情态动词)(4)_(dare 作实义动词)她晚上不敢一个人出去，是不是？(5)_(dare 作情态动词)(6)_(dare 作实义动词)She dare not go out alone at night.She doesnt dare(to)go out alone at night.Dare she go out alone at night?Does she dare(to)go out alone at night?She darent go out alone

44、 at night，dare she?She doesnt dare(to)go out alone at night，does she?要点三have to have to 表示“必须，不得不”，是由于客观情况而“必须”，have to 的否定形式dont have to 表示“不必”，可用于各种时态中。用法辨析 must 与 have tomustmusthave tohave to强调主观看法 强调客观需要只有一种形式 有多种时态形式否定形式表示禁止 定形式表示“不必“选词填空(have to/must)(1)I _ learn another language.(2)This book

45、 _ not be removed from the library.(3)There _ be some reason for the delay.(4)They _ put off the sports meet because of the bad weather.单句写作(5)She _(必须自己做).I wont help her.(6)She _(不得不自己做).She has got no one to help her.(7)You _(不准告诉)others.(8)You _(不必告诉)others.have to/must musthas tohad to must do

46、it herself has to do it herself mustnt tell dont have to tell要点四had better had better 意为“最好”，主要用来表示劝告或建议。用于一般现在时或一般将来时，适用于所有人称，否定式为 had better not。had better do sth.最好做某事 had better not do sth.最好不要做某事 单句写作(1)I think you _(最好去找医生看看)about your cough.(2)We _(最好现在就走)or well miss the bus.(3)Before gettin

47、g the drivers license,you_(最好不要驾驶)the car on the road.(4)_(我们最好不要光说)and lets help them.had better go to the doctor had better leave nowhad better not drive Wed better not just talk要点五need/neednt(1)need 意为“需要，有必要”，既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。need 作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，常用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为 need not/neednt。need作实义动词

48、时，有人称和数的变化，后接名词、代词、动名词、带 to 的不定式，用于陈 述句、否定句或疑问句中均可，否定式和疑问式要借助助动词 do/does/did。学法点拨 need 作实义动词时常用于下列句式：sb.need(s)to do sth.某人需要做某事(主语与 do 为主动关系)sth.need(s)doing/to be done 某事/某物需要被(主语与do为被动关系)(2)neednt have done 表示“本没有必要做某事(却做了)”。误区警示(1)用作情态动词的 need 常用于疑问句或否定句，对于以 need 开头的疑问句的否定回答可用 neednt，但是肯定回答不能用 n

49、eed，而用 must。(2)以 must 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回答用 neednt 或 dont have to。单句写作(1)I love the weekend,because I_ _ _ _(不必早起)on Saturdays and Sundays.(2)_ _ _(我需要召集)the children togetherat once?(3)_ _ _(你需要)any help?(4)We _ _ _ _(不必打扮).The party has been called off.(5)Must I ask for her permission?No,_(你不必).neednt get up early.Need I gatherDo you needdont need to dress up you neednt/dont have to 单句语法填空(6)The green beans need _(harvest).(7)My bike needs _(mend).(8)You neednt _(water)the flowers,for it is going to rain.harvesting/to be harvestedmending/to be mendedhave watered