Unit2 Grammar构词法 （ppt课件） -2022新外研版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.ppt

1、Unit 2 Word formationTeaching aims:1.To explore some rules of word formation.2.To improve the students abilities to guess the meanings of the words.3.To enlarge the students vocabulary.Activity 1 a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.b sculpt a sculpturec When we see rain,we can say“its rai

2、ning”d WHO dcbaREVIEW：1 abbreviating 缩写2 changing the part of speech 词性3 adding a prefix 前缀 or suffix 后缀4 combinng two or more wordsFinish exercises on the paper individually.Discuss exercises on the paper in groups.概述概述：把单词通过：把单词通过词性转化、合成或添加前缀、词性转化、合成或添加前缀、后缀后缀构成新词的方法，叫构词法构成新词的方法，叫构词法在英语中在英语中,词的构成法

3、主要有四种词的构成法主要有四种:合成、转化、派生、缩略合成、转化、派生、缩略一.派生法 1.概念：由词根加上词缀构成新词的方法叫做派生法。2.分类：词缀分为前缀和后缀。3.常见前缀 1）a-意义:处在状态中 asleepaliveawake 2)tele-意义：远距离的 telephone television telescope 3)inter-意义：相互的 Internet international interact 4）in-,im-,il-,ir-意义：不，无，非；把形容词变成反义词 informal independent impatient impossible illegal

4、illogical 5)un-意义：不，无，非，未；把形容词变成反义词 uncertainunpopularunimportant 6)dis-意义：不，非，相反；把形容词、动词变成反义词 disagreedisappear dishonest 7)non-意义：不，无，非；把名词变成反义词 non-stopnon-smoker non-profit 4.常见后缀 1）-er/-or/-ar意义：做的人或物；词根为动作动词 baker cooker inventor actor beggarliar 2）-ce意义：表行动或状况；动作名词化 difference preferenceappea

5、rance entrance 3）-ion,-ation,-tion,-sion意义：的行为或状态；动作名词化 introduction suggestion information admission decision 4）-ment 意义：的行为/结果；动作名词化 agreement development movement 5)ness意义：状态/性质；形容词特征名词化 clevernesskindness weakness 6)ure意义：过程/行动/结果；动作名词化 pleasure failure signature 7）-ship意义：的状态/情况/关系/资格 friendshi

6、pleadershiphardship 8）-an,-ian意义：ian在某一领域有专长的人，an-地方的人 musician Europeanphysician 9）-ist意义：从事某学科研究的人 artist physicist tourist 10）-ess意义：女 actress waitress hostess 11)y 意义：有特征的，充满的；名词变形容词 sunnyicytasty 12）-al,-ial 意义：具有特性的；名词变形容词 musicalmedicalnatural 13）-ful意义：充满的，有倾向的；名词变形容词 careful successful than

7、kful 14)less意义：无，不；名词变形容词 carelessuselesshomeless 15）-ize意义：使化；形容词使动用法 realizeapologizepopularize 16）-en意义：使变得；形容词使动用法 deepen shortenweaken二、转化法1.概念：转化法是指一个单词词形不变而改变词词性的构词法。2.转化方法：1）动词转化为名词 dress v.穿衣服 n.连衣裙 cook v.做饭n.厨师;smell v.闻起来 n.味道 2)名词转化为动词 book n.书 v.预定 ship n.船 v.船运 water n.水 v.浇水 hand n.手

8、 v.交给 3)形容词转化为动词 slow a.慢的 v.减速 free a.自由的v.释放 4)形容词转化为名词 safe a.安全的 n.保险箱 patient a.耐心的 n.病人 5)形容词转化为副词 hard a.艰苦的/坚硬的/难得 ad.努力地/用力地 high a.高的，高地 ad.高度地三、合成法 1.概念：合成法是指用两个或两个以上的词构成新词的构词法。2.分类：1）合成名词 bookstore highway reading room overcoat handwriting get-together (书店，高速公路，阅览室，外套，书法，聚会)2)合成形容词 形容词+名

9、词+-ed kind-hearted left-handed （心地善良的，左撇子的）副词+过去分词 well-known newly-married (著名的，新婚的)名词+现在分词 English-speaking peace-loving (说英语的，热爱和平的)名词+过去分词 manmade snow-covered (人造的，被雪覆盖的)3）合成副词 howevermaybeeverywhere 4)合成代词 something nobodyeverything 5)合成动词 sunbathe sleepwalk underline (沐日光浴，梦游，在 下划线)四、缩写和简写 缩略

10、法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1.截头截头 telephone-phone /aeroplane-plane 2.去尾去尾examination-exam/laboratory-lab 3.截头去尾截头去尾 refrigerator-fridgeinfluenze-flu 4.截取：截取：motel/sitcom/FedEx/smog /motor hotel/situation comedy/the federal express/smoke frog 5.首字母缩略法首字母缩略法即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音

11、主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。kilometers per hourVery Important Person identity card postscriptTesting of English as a Foreign Language (kph,VIP,ID card,PS,TOEFL)Activity 2penfriend well-known incorrect unhappy improvement calmpresenting WTO ASAP rain(形容词形容词)_ agree(反义反义)_ natio

12、n(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ job(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ access(形容词形容词)_ eight(八十八十)_ true(名词名词)_ kind(名词名词)_ China(形容词形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreightykindnessdisagreefarmerfriendlyjoblessaccessibletruthChinesePractice(II)用括号中

13、所给单词的正确形式填空：用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Harry Potter is a boy who is full of _(imagine)2._(congratulate)!You have done so well in the game.3.I received a letter of _(invite)but I didnt accept it.4.His late _(arrive)made a mess of our plan.5.To the _(amaze)of the parents,their child can look after himself with

14、out their help.6.He did exercise to _(strong)his muscles.7.I went out to _(breath)the fresh air.8.Dont take his words _(serious);he was just kidding.9.The boy felt _ (comfort)with his new classmates,so he seldom spoke.10.The _(popular)of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new

15、.11.The boys _(usual)behavior puzzled the doctor.12.He _(like)those who are not well-behaved.13.He was _(formal)dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck.imaginationCongratulationsinvitation arrivalamazementstrengthen breatheseriouslyuncomfortablepopularityunusual dislikes informallyPractice(III

16、)用括号中所给单词的用括号中所给单词的否定否定形式填空：形式填空：1.It is _(legal)to drive after drinking alcohol.2._(lead)advertisement are not allowed by law.3.The _(expect)death of her son made her sad.4.He was scolded for his _(acceptable)behavior.5.If it is not _(convenient)to you,I should like to call on you tonight.6.He was

17、unlucky.No matter what he does,he was always _(succeed)7.It was _(polite)of you to leave without saying goodbye.8.I am afraid I have to _(agree)with you on the issue.9.Paralympic Games(残奥会残奥会)are held for the _(able).10.It was _(polite)of you to leave without saying goodbye.illegal Misleadingunexpec

18、tedunacceptableinconvenientunsuccessful impolite disagree disabled impoliteThanks for listening!Activity 1Can you find more examples of each type in the reading passage?1 abbreviating:IT,US2 changing the part of speech:When we see snow,we can say“its snowing”.3 adding a prefix or suffix:paintpainting,hardhardly,softsoftly,harmharmless/harmful,shameshameless/shameful,visibleinvisible4 combining two or more words:hamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,housework