1、ClinicalPharmacy临床药学英文版临床药学英文版 Clinical PharmacyClinicalpharmacyisdefinedasthatareaofpharmacyconcernedwiththescienceandpracticeofrationalmedicationuse.Clinical Pharmacyq ClinicalPharmacyincludesalltheservicesperformedbypharmacistspractisinginhospitals,communitypharmacies,nursinghomes,home-basedcares
2、ervices,clinicsandanyothersettingwheremedicinesareprescribedandused.How does clinical pharmacy differ from pharmacy?q Thedisciplineofpharmacyembracestheknowledgeonsynthesis,chemistryandpreparationofdrugsq Clinicalpharmacyismoreorientedtotheanalysisofpopulationneedswithregardstomedicines,waysofadmini
3、stration,patternsofuseanddrugseffectsonthepatients.q Thefocusofattentionmovesfromthedrugtothesinglepatientorpopulationreceivingdrugs.Goaltopromotethecorrectandappropriateuseofmedicinalproductsanddevices.Theseactivitiesaimat:maximisingtheclinicaleffectofmedicinesminimisingtheriskoftreatment-inducedad
4、verseeventsminimisingtheexpendituresforpharmacologicaltreatments.Action of Clinical PharmacistClinicalpharmacyactivitiesmayinfluencethecorrectuseofmedicinesatthreedifferentlevels:before,duringandafterthetreatment.Medical TeamActivities of Clinical PharmacistsqConsulting Analysing therapies,advising
5、health care practitioners on the correctness of drug therapy and providing pharmaceutical care to patients both at hospital and at community level.qSelection of drugs Defining drug formularies or limited lists of drugs in collaboration with hospital doctors,general practitioners and decision makers.
6、qDrug information Seeking information and critically evaluating scientific literature;organising information services for both doctors and the patients.Activities of Clinical Pharmacists Drug use studies and research Drug use studies/pharmacoepidemiology/outcome research/pharmacovigilance and vigila
7、nce in medicinal devices:collecting data on drug therapies,their costs and patient outcome through structured and scientific methods.Pharmacokinetics/therapeutic drug monitoring Studying the kinetics of drugs and optimising the dosage.The clinical pharmacist monitors,detects and prevents Medication
8、related problems.Medication-related Problemsq Untreatedindications.q Improperdrugselection.q Subtherapeuticdosage.q MedicationFailuretoreceiveq MedicationOverdosage.q Adversedrugreactions.q Druginteractions.q Medicationusewithoutindication.Activities of Clinical PharmacistsqClinical Trialsq Planning
9、,evaluating and participating in clinical trialsqPharmacoeconomy Using the results of clinical trials and outcome studies to determine cost-effectiveness evaluations.qTeaching&Training Pre-and post-graduate teaching and activities to provide training and education programmes for pharmacists and othe
10、r health care practitionersClinical Pharmacy RequirementsKnowledgeofnondrugtherapyTherapeuticplanningskillsDrugInformationSkillsPhysicalassessmentskillsPatientmonitoringskillsCommunicationskillsKnowledgeoflaboratoryanddiagnosticskillsKnowledgeofthediseaseKnowledgeofdrugtherapyPatientcareEducationRequiresabout8yearsofschoolingMassachusettsCollegeofPharmacy&HealthScienceSalaryAverage:$130,000/yearOutlookIncreaseexpectedbetween2008and2018SOURCE:U.S.BureauofLaborStatistics,EmploymentProjectionsprogram
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