必修三Unit3ComputersGrammar现在完成时被动语态课件.ppt

1、现在完成时现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用时间的状语连用,如如:yesterday,two weeks ago,in 1978,when I got there 等等,现在完成现在完成时常与时常与 already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not.yet,just等不表示明确等不表示明确1.复习两种时态（主动）复习两种时态（主动）的时间副词连用的时间副词连用,还可以和

2、表示时间一直还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带延续到目前的带since,for 的状语及包括的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如现在在内的词连用。如:now,today,this month,this year,recently,these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：如：be,have,like,love,know,believe,hate等。等。一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况的动作或情况,与现在毫无关系。与现在毫无关系。2)1)一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are

3、+过过2)去分词）去分词）如如:The work is done during two days.2)一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过过去分词）去分词）如如:He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.3)一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall+be+过去分词或过去分词或+be going to+be+过去分词）过去分词）如如:The work will be finished soon.4)现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are+being+过

4、去分词）过去分词）如如:The bridge is now being constructed.5)现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态(have/has+been +过去分词）过去分词）如如:The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.6)带情态动词的被动语态带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词)如如:This can be done in a few minutes.7)动词不定式的被动式动词不定式的被动式(to be+过去分词过去分词)如如:It is an honor for me to be a

5、sked to speak here.例如：例如：1.The dirty clothes have been washed.脏衣服都已经洗了。脏衣服都已经洗了。2.The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。3.The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years.这些年来这些年来,这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如：主语是行为动作的承受者

6、。如：The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt.张飞庙已经过重建。张飞庙已经过重建。2.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如如:The door has been locked.门已经被锁上了。门已经被锁上了。3.动作或状态始于过去动作或状态始于过去,持续到现在持续到现在,并可并可 能持续下去。如：能持续下去。如：He has been told about it for many times.有人告诉他这事很多次了。有人告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他）（可能还会有人告诉他）（我或别人现在进不去）（我或别人现在

7、进不去）4.用在时间和条件状语从句中用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来表示将来 某时已完成的动作。如：某时已完成的动作。如：Well start as soon as the work has been finished.工作一完成我们就立即动身。工作一完成我们就立即动身。1.副词的位置副词的位置 often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于等副词置于have/has和和been中间。中间。如如:误误 Such a man has been hardly believed.正正 Such a man has hardly been believed

8、.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1)如：如：误误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.2)如：如：误误 The door has been opened of itself.正正 The door has opened of itself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词 或副词。如：或副词。如：The SARS patients have been

9、 taken good care of.4.一些特殊动词一些特殊动词,如如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等等 构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与 表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达 相应的意思，相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。则需改换动词或时态。如：如：My brother has had(不能用不能用has bought)this bike for almost four years.How long has this book been bought?How

10、 long ago was this book bought?(1)如如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于这本书出版于1981年。年。(2)如如:The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。这本书是他写的。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词把主动语态中的主语放

11、在介词by之后作宾之后作宾 语语,将主格改为宾格。例如：将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.4)主动：主动：I have given him the key.被动：被动：He has been given the key.被动：被动：The key has been given(to)him.5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时带复合宾语

12、的动词变被动语态时,只能只能 将宾语变为主语将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不原来的宾补保留不 动动,改称主语补足语。改称主语补足语。主动：主动：I have asked her to help you.被动：被动：She has been asked to help you.Look at the way your face has been washedLook at the way your hair has been combedLook at the way your shoes have been cleanedYoud better do them again.Look at th

13、e way the flowers have been plantedLook at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been sweptI hope that youll come here again.the way the flowers have been plantedthe way the grass has been cutthe way the paths have been sweptthe way your face has been washedthe way your hair h

14、as been combedthe way your shoes have been cleanedRead this poem aloud,paying attention to the rhythm and intonation.Then write your own poem.Look at the way _Look at the way _Look at the way _the table has been laidthe glasses have been placedthe food has been cookedYoud better do them again.possib

15、le poem:Look at the way _Look at the way _Look at the way _your bed has been madeyour carpet has been sweptyour shoes have been tidiedI hope that youll come here again.1.Both my brother work at the power station that _ in my hometown.A.has set up B.has been set up C.was set up D.is set up2._ the spo

16、rts meet will be put off.A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told3.All the preparation for the task _,and were ready to start.A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been done4.-How long _ at this job?-Since 1990.A.were you employed B.have you been employed C.had you been employed D.

17、will you be employed5.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A.are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been decided6.Betty_ injured since last Saturday.A.has been B.was C.is D.has7.That book _into at least 20 foreign languages.A.has said to be translate

18、dB.has been said to have translatedC.is said that it had been translatedD.is said to have been translated 8.Hi,Tom,you look tired.-Of course.I _ the living room all day.A.had painted B.painted C.have been painted D.have been painting9.-Did you move into the new house?-No.The rooms _ yet.A.were being

19、 painted B.are painting C.have not painted D.have not been painted 10.Great changes_ in my hometown and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place;are being set up B.have taken place;have been set up C.are taken place;had been set up D.took place;will set up 11.Its said that this book_ into Chines

20、e.A.had translated B.has translated C.was translated D.has been translated 12.You cant move in.The house _.A.is painting B.is being painted C.has painted D.has been painted 13.Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.(2005重庆重庆)A.has been caus

21、ed B.had been caused C.will be caused D.will have been cause14.Have you ever_ to the exhibition which _for three weeks?A.gone;has been shown B.visited;shown C.been;has been on show D.went;lasted15.-How long ago _ these eggs_?-Perhaps 15 days.A.will;hatch B.did;hatch C.were;hatched D.have;been hatche

22、d1.A personal computer has bought by us.A personal computer has been bought by us.2.Many problems has been found with our new computer.Many problems have been found with our new computer.3.A PC has been builded the way we wanted.A PC has been built the way we wanted.4.Our computer just has been join

23、ed to the internet.Our computer has just been joined to the internet.5.The computer was used every day since we bought it.The computer has been used every day since we bought it.6.A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years.A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years.1.They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.2.We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.4.They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area.5.The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.