句子五大基本句型句子语法构成十大词性(共40张)课件.pptx

1、句子句子五大基本句子类型五大基本句子类型一、主+谓+宾（中国家庭）I buy a book.I love dog.五大基本句子类型五大基本句子类型二、主+谓(丁克家庭）They run .I arrive .to schoolat schoolYou jump,I jump.五大基本句子类型五大基本句子类型三、主+谓宾1宾2(非洲家庭）I give you a book.I tell you a story.buy sb sthteach sb sthask sb sth五大基本句子类型五大基本句子类型四、主+谓宾宾补(欧美家庭）Reading makes me happy.I find en

2、glish easy.You should keep your room clean.I leave the door open.五大基本句子类型五大基本句子类型五、主+系表I am a student.You look very handsome.The milk goes bad.I stay quiet.简单句简单句1.抓主干：主谓宾2.修饰成分：定状英汉之差英汉之差This is a flower.这是一朵花.This is a flower in the park.这是一朵在公园里的花.This is a beautiful flower.这是一朵美丽的花.英汉之差英汉之差英语和汉语

3、基本一致主干成份汉语多“前修”修饰成份英语中有若干固定句型英语：短修饰放前，长修饰放后英语和汉语的差异英语和汉语的差异学习英语的关键学习英语的关键把握英语的较长修饰成分学习英语的关键学习英语的关键识别句子中的介短、从句、非谓语英语的进化英语的进化This is a dog.This is a big dog.This is a dog on vacation.This is the dog which is running to the park.This is the dog running to the park.介词短语介词短语【定义】从介词开始，到名词结束，表达一个独立完整的含义结构。

4、at homeduring my happy childhood从句从句【定义】和主句相比，更次要的句子。【结构】引导词+(主语)+谓语+宾语。that;who;when;why;where;how;which;if;beacuse从句从句【起止标识】从引导词开始（有时可省略），有四种终止标识：1.到句尾结束Xiaoming is a teacher who teaches English.()2.到逗号结束()When I was young,I listened to the radio.Jay who was a singer is in Shanghai.从句从句【起止标识】从引导词开

5、始（有时可省略），有四种终止标识：3.到下一修饰成分结束I will invite Jay who was a singer to Beijing.()4.到下一个谓语动词结束()非谓语动词短语非谓语动词短语【定义】非谓语动词是动词在句子中不是谓语的几种变化形式，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词三类。【起止标识】由不定式、动名词和分词开始，有四种终止标识：To improve my English,I often talk with foreigners.非谓语动词短语非谓语动词短语1.到句尾结束Xiaoming is a teacher teaching English.()2.到逗号结束()3

6、.到下一修饰成分结束Jack walked in,smiling to others.()We singing a happy song rode to school.4.到下一个谓语动词结束()Xiaoming is a teacher teaching English in Beijing which is the capital of China。例句例句()()()十大词类十大词类名词动词形容词副词数词冠词代词介词感叹词连词名词名词(n.)Obamathingriverhabit动词动词(v.)动词分类有实义无实义不及物（vi.）及物（vt.）助动词情态动词系动词动词动词(v.)I s

7、ee a bird.I see.动词动词(v.)The job will be finished.助动词：帮助谓语动词表达精确含义。（时态、语态）动词动词(v.)You should close the window.情态动词：表示人对某种行为的情绪和态度。（能/可能/应该/必须）动词动词(v.)Lihua is a teacher.系动词：把“事物”和“属性”联系起来The leaves turn yellow.You look tired.形容词形容词(adj.)blue sky修饰名词，表示特征。beautiful girl副词副词(adv.)用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。可以修

8、饰动词、形容词、副词。I sit still.I am so cool.I push the door very hard.数词数词(num.)one two three four表示数量或顺序first second third fourth代词代词(pron.)用于代替名词以及起名词作用的词人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheh

9、erherhersherselfititits-itself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves人称代词代词代词单数复数this(这个)these(这些)that(那个)those(那些)it(这)指示代词用来起指示作用，或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。冠词冠词(art.)a/an/theI have an apple位于名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物I have a penThe apple is red.介词介词(preposition)She looked at me.表示名词与句中其它词的关系感叹词感叹词(interj.)表示说话时的情感。Oh,hello,

10、well,please连词连词(conj.)Ladies and gentlemen,I am ugly but I am gentle.连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句You can go with Jay who is a singer or you can stay here例句例句平行结构让句子更复杂。()句子的基本法则句子的基本法则1.一件事只能有一个谓语。2.如果要一句话表达多件事，有三种方式（1）连词（2）从句（3）非谓语动词练习练习He is comes from Beijing.She very beautiful.He is success.Does she happy?Your little daughter is so lovely.Play football is my favorite.小结小结句子主干五大基本句型若干高级句型倒装、强调、省略等修饰短修饰+中心词形容词、副词中心词+长修饰介短、从句、非谓语