1、浅表食管癌分层治疗副本课件世界食管癌发病率及死亡率世界食管癌发病率及死亡率世界食管癌发病率及死亡率世界食管癌发病率及死亡率中国食管癌发病率及死亡率中国食管癌发病率及死亡率定义定义早期食管癌早期食管癌位于黏膜层或黏膜下层,伴或不伴淋巴结转移Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases guidelines,1969.黏膜下层食管癌5年生存率69%Japan Esophageal Society.April 2007.Makuuchi H,et al.Clin.Gastroenterol,1997早期食管癌最新定义早期食管癌最新定义位于黏膜层,伴或不伴淋巴结转移
2、Japan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.Intramucosal Cancer世界食管癌发病率及死亡率Gastric Cancer,2009Submucosal CancerIntramucosal CancerECA-1:normalDiseases of the Esophagus,2012.Makuuchi H,et al.只能观察黏膜表层,不能观察深层次结构,无法判断病变深度Inoues IPCL分型EndocytoscopyECA分型ECA-2:inflammatory or reactive changeSm1食管鳞癌的淋巴结转移风险高于腺
3、癌世界食管癌发病率及死亡率世界食管癌发病率及死亡率Japan Esophageal Society.MicrovascularIntramucosal CancerSm2、sm3:手术切除+淋巴结清扫浅表食管癌定义浅表食管癌定义浅表食管癌浅表食管癌位于黏膜层或黏膜下层,伴或不伴淋巴结转移International Union Against Cancer TNM classification浅表食管癌大体分型与淋巴结转移的关系浅表食管癌大体分型与淋巴结转移的关系27%20%10%10%50%Oyama T,et al.I Cho(Stomach Intestine),2002.浅表食管癌内镜诊
4、断浅表食管癌内镜诊断EUS:深度、淋巴结转移染色内镜 碘染色:定性诊断的标准方法 NBI+放大:性质、深度Endocytoscopy:性质活体细胞检查17例ESD术后食管鳞癌患者行食管切除术April 2007.Esophagus,2009.Intramucosal Cancer浅表食管癌的内镜治疗适应症?Intramucosal Cancer食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.Gastric Cancer,2009Gotoda,et al.食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.Hirasawa,et al.Minami H,et al.只能观察黏膜表层,不能观察深
5、层次结构,无法判断病变深度世界食管癌发病率及死亡率食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.Node metastasis食管切除+淋巴结清扫术Intramucosal CancerJapanese Society for Esophageal Diseases guidelines,1969.腺癌最好的预测因子:淋巴血管侵犯诊断食管癌的敏感性94.EUSm1m2m3sm1sm2EUSMeta分析:19篇文献,996例浅表食管癌患者超声内镜判断食管黏膜内癌的敏感度、特异度为0.86,0.86食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.87,0.85早期食管癌N分期的敏感度、特异度为0.71,0.78NBIIPC
6、LType 正常正常Type 食管炎食管炎Type 低级别上皮内瘤变低级别上皮内瘤变褐色褐色随访或随访或EMR/ESDType 高级别上皮内瘤变或高级别上皮内瘤变或原位癌原位癌褐色褐色EMR/ESDType-1m1癌癌褐色褐色EMR/ESDType-2m2癌癌褐色褐色EMR/ESDType-3m3-sm1癌癌褐色褐色ESD/手术手术Type-Nsm2以深癌以深癌褐色褐色手术手术Inoues IPCL分型分型准确度:82.9%敏感度:97.3%特异度:66.2%阳性预测值:77.0%阴性预测值:95.4%Minami H,et al.Diseases of the Esophagus,2012.
7、Endocytoscopy200320052009EndocytoscopyECA分型分型诊断食管癌准确率:91.3%敏感度:91.7%特异度:91.0%阳性预测值:90.6%阴性预测值:92.0%Inoue H,et al.Endoscopy,2006.ECA-1:normalECA-2:inflammatory or reactive changeECA-3:inflammatory change or LGINECA-4:strongly suggests a malignant lesionECA-5:malignant lesionEndocytoscopyECA分型分型ECA-2m
8、2ECA-5EndocytoscopyKumagais分型分型Kumagai Y,et al.Dis.Esophagus,2009.诊断食管癌的敏感性94.7%,特异性84.2%Intramucosal CancerGOCKEL I,et al.Motoyama,et al.Meta分析:19篇文献,996例浅表食管癌患者Sm1食管鳞癌淋巴结转移风险:27%术后病理:Sm1-8例,Sm2-9例ECA-3:inflammatory change or LGIN术前诊断无有效分子生物学标记物,临床难题早期食管癌N分期的敏感度、特异度为0.只能观察黏膜表层,不能观察深层次结构,无法判断病变深度黏膜下
9、层食管癌5年生存率69%食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.NCCN食管癌内镜治疗适应症黏膜下食管鳞癌的治疗方法术前诊断无有效分子生物学标记物,临床难题淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)George Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013Intramucosal CancerGuideline criteria for EMROyama T,et al.ECA-2:inflammatory or reactive change淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)Type0Type1Type2Type3正常LGINHGINSCCEndocytoscopy优势:放大倍数高,最大可达1
10、000倍为活检精确制导,部分代替活检缺陷:只能观察黏膜表层,不能观察深层次结构,无法判断病变深度未上市食管癌内镜治疗的优势食管癌内镜治疗的优势微创恢复快经济保持器官完整性,提高患者术后生活质量诊断价值EMR vs ESDGeorge Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013Guideline criteria for EMRExpanded criteria for ESDSurgeryGotoda,et al.Gastric Cancer,2000Hirasawa,et al.Gastric Cancer,2009DepthHistology Intramuc
11、osal CancerSubmucosal CancerUl(-)Ul(+)SM1SM22020303030any sizeDifferentiatedUndifferentiated胃癌胃癌ESD适应症适应症NCCN食管癌内镜治疗适应症食管癌内镜治疗适应症浅表食管癌的内镜治疗适应症?浅表食管癌的内镜治疗适应症?核心问题:浸润深度:m1、m2、m3、sm1、sm2、sm3有无淋巴结转移 术前诊断无有效分子生物学标记物,临床难题浅表食管癌的淋巴结转移风险和浸润深度有关浅表食管癌的淋巴结转移风险和浸润深度有关0%0%9%4.7-19%36%52%黏膜层固有层黏膜肌层Sm1Sm2Sm3固有肌层外膜层
12、Japan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.浅表食管癌的分层治疗浅表食管癌的分层治疗ESDESDESD?ESD?手术手术手术手术黏膜层固有层黏膜肌层Sm1Sm2Sm3固有肌层外膜层黏膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移风险黏膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移风险系统综述,包含105篇文献,7645例手术病人总体黏膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移率总体黏膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移率-37%Overall(n=7645)Sm1(n=663)Sm2(n=942)Sm3(n=1493)Node metastasis2870(37%)148(27%)303(38%)699(54%)Lymphovascul
13、ar invasion852(53%)90(46%)114(63%)190(69%)Microvascular invasion629(40%)22(20%)78(38%)125(47%)GOCKEL I,et al.Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011黏膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移风险黏膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移风险Sm1鳞癌腺癌Sm2鳞癌腺癌Sm3鳞癌腺癌Node metastasis60/224(27%)4/65(6%)107/296(36%)10/44(23%)300/544(55%)33/57(58%)Lymphovascular invasion58/1
14、11(52%)2/23(9%)88/135(65%)4/15(27%)118/184(64%)19/25(76%)Microvascular invasion19/97(20%)1/7(14%)67/183(37%)0/2(0%)114/239(48%)0/12(0%)GOCKEL I,et al.Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011Sm1食管鳞癌的淋巴结转移风险高于腺癌食管鳞癌的淋巴结转移风险高于腺癌浅表食管癌淋巴结转移预测因子浅表食管癌淋巴结转移预测因子系统综述,38篇文献,2149例手术病人 由强到弱依次为:分化差、Sm3、淋巴血管侵犯、微血管侵犯、
15、Sm2、Sm1 鳞癌最好的预测因子:Sm3、微血管侵犯腺癌最好的预测因子:淋巴血管侵犯George Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013m1、m2:ESD绝对适应症黏膜下食管癌的淋巴结转移风险Japan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)Diseases of the Esophagus,2012.Esophagus,2009.Guideline criteria for EMRGeorge Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.
16、食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.Meta分析:19篇文献,996例浅表食管癌患者世界食管癌发病率及死亡率NCCN食管癌内镜治疗适应症Node metastasisIntramucosal CancerExpert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)Inoues IPCL分型淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)术前诊断无有效分子生物学标记物,临床难题Intramucosal CancerECA-2:inflammatory or reactive change黏膜下食管鳞癌的治疗方法黏膜下食管鳞癌的治疗方法Sm1食管鳞癌淋巴结转移风险:27%ESD治疗
17、是不够的ESD后的治疗u食管切除+淋巴结清扫术u辅助放化疗?ESD术后食管切除术后食管切除17例ESD术后食管鳞癌患者行食管切除术u术后病理:Sm1-8例,Sm2-9例u淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)u血管侵犯:5(29%)u淋巴结转移:5(29%)u围手术期死亡:0(0%)u随访:23个月(11-71)u复发:0(0%)Motoyama,et al.Surg Today,2012ESD+CRT平均随访46.5月无一例复发,无一例淋巴结及远处转移小结小结m1、m2:ESD绝对适应症Sm1、sm2:ESD扩大适应症术后病理若提示分化差、淋巴血管侵犯、微血管侵犯,需追加手术,对于手术风险高的患者可选择
18、放化疗Sm2、sm3:手术切除+淋巴结清扫Gastric Cancer,2009Esophagus,2009.浸润深度:m1、m2、m3、sm1、sm2、sm3Gastroenterol,1997Guideline criteria for EMRLymphovascularJapan Esophageal Society.食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.Motoyama,et al.食管切除+淋巴结清扫术ECA-3:inflammatory change or LGIN淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)Gastric Cancer,2009Node metastasis诊
19、断食管癌的敏感性94.Japan Esophageal Society.只能观察黏膜表层,不能观察深层次结构,无法判断病变深度ECA-2:inflammatory or reactive changeIntramucosal CancerJapan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.Minami H,et al.Endoscopy,2006.Endoscopy,2006.浅表食管癌淋巴结转移预测因子Sm1食管鳞癌淋巴结转移风险:27%Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011黏膜下层食管癌5年生存率69%食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、
20、特异度为0.Makuuchi H,et al.术前诊断无有效分子生物学标记物,临床难题Japan Esophageal Society.世界食管癌发病率及死亡率Diseases of the Esophagus,2012.Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases guidelines,1969.淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)Japan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.Japan Esophageal Society guidelines,2007.Intramucosal Cancer食管切除+淋巴结清扫术黏膜下食管癌的
21、淋巴结转移风险m1、m2:ESD绝对适应症淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)ECA-5:malignant lesionGastric Cancer,2009George Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013Hirasawa,et al.ECA-5:malignant lesionSurg Today,2012世界食管癌发病率及死亡率淋巴结转移:5(29%)世界食管癌发病率及死亡率放大倍数高,最大可达1000倍系统综述,38篇文献,2149例手术病人International Union Against Cancer TNM classificationMeta分析
22、:19篇文献,996例浅表食管癌患者Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011诊断食管癌的敏感性94.ECA-2:inflammatory or reactive changeDiseases of the Esophagus,2012.Motoyama,et al.Motoyama,et al.只能观察黏膜表层,不能观察深层次结构,无法判断病变深度Submucosal Cancer食管切除+淋巴结清扫术浅表食管癌淋巴结转移预测因子MicrovascularIntramucosal Cancer食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.Guideline criteri
23、a for EMR浅表食管癌的淋巴结转移风险和浸润深度有关Motoyama,et al.食管切除+淋巴结清扫术George Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013随访:23个月(11-71)浅表食管癌的淋巴结转移风险和浸润深度有关淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)Sm2、sm3:手术切除+淋巴结清扫ECA-2:inflammatory or reactive changeHirasawa,et al.Node metastasis鳞癌最好的预测因子:Sm3、微血管侵犯m1、m2:ESD绝对适应症食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.Intramucosal CancerM
24、icrovascular世界食管癌发病率及死亡率Minami H,et al.Guideline criteria for EMRECA-5:malignant lesion由强到弱依次为:分化差、Sm3、淋巴血管侵犯、微血管侵犯、Sm2、Sm1Undifferentiated诊断食管癌的敏感性94.食管黏膜下癌的敏感度、特异度为0.Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases guidelines,1969.食管切除+淋巴结清扫术NCCN食管癌内镜治疗适应症浅表食管癌淋巴结转移预测因子只能观察黏膜表层,不能观察深层次结构,无法判断病变深度April 2007.围手术期死亡:0(0%)George Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013Gotoda,et al.Sm1食管鳞癌的淋巴结转移风险高于腺癌世界食管癌发病率及死亡率LymphovascularGastric Cancer,2009George Sgourakis,World J Gastroenterol 2013ECA-2:inflammatory or reactive change淋巴结侵犯:13(76%)苏州市第八届消化系疾病学术会议 谢谢!谢谢!
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