1、一、一、Vertebrae 椎骨椎骨vThere are 33 vertebrae in children,arranged as follows:vCervical vertebrae 颈椎颈椎 C.7vThoracic vertebrae 胸椎胸椎 T.12vLumbar vertebrae 腰椎腰椎 L.5vSacral vertebrae 骶椎骶椎 S.5 sacrum 骶骨骶骨vCoccygeal vertebrae 尾椎尾椎 Co.34 coccyx尾骨尾骨五、五、Normal Curves of vertebral columnvCervical curvature颈曲颈曲 co
2、nvex forwardvThoracic curvature胸曲胸曲 convex backward vLumbar curvature腰曲腰曲 convex forwardvSacral curvature骶曲骶曲 convex backwardGeneral features of vertebraevVertebral body 椎体椎体vVertebral arch 椎弓椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根椎弓根:sup.and inf.Vertebral notch 椎上、下切迹椎上、下切迹 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板椎弓板v
3、process(7):spinous process 棘突棘突transverse process 横突横突sup.and inf.articular processes 上、下关节突上、下关节突vVertebral foramen 椎孔椎孔 vVertebral canal 椎管椎管vIntervertebral foramen 椎间椎间孔孔Lumbar vertebrae vVertebrae Body：larger,kidney-shape vVertebral foramen:larger and triangular vSpinous processes:projects horiz
4、ontally vTransverse processes:long vArticular processes:sagittal 1.Joints of the vertebral bodies 椎体间的椎体间的连结连结Intervertebral discs 椎间盘椎间盘 between bodies of adjacent vertebrae,composed of:vNucleus pulpous髓核髓核,an inner soft,pulpy,highly elastic structure(gelatinous core)vAnnulus fibrosus纤维环纤维环 an oute
5、r fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilageHernia of nucleus pulpous 髓核脱出髓核脱出Copyright duxinli8Copyright duxinli9Copyright duxinli10Copyright duxinli11Copyright duxinli12Copyright duxinli13 2.Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓间的椎弓间的连结连结vLigamenta flava 黄韧带黄韧带 elastic ligament,unite laminae of adjacen
6、t vertebrae,and complete the posterior wall of vertebral canal;tend to prevent hyperflexion of the vertebral columnvInterspinal ligament 棘间韧棘间韧带带vSupraspinal ligament 棘上韧棘上韧带带vLigamentum nuchae项韧带项韧带 vIntertansverse ligament横突横突间韧带间韧带 vZygapophysial joint 关节突关节突关节关节Copyright duxinli15Copyright duxin
7、li16发生于椎管、侧隐窝和椎间孔。先天发生于椎管、侧隐窝和椎间孔。先天或后天性。颈或后天性。颈1010mmmm，腰腰11.511.5mmmmCTCT：椎体后缘骨赘向椎管内突入。椎体后缘骨赘向椎管内突入。侧隐窝狭窄：椎间盘退变膨出和上侧隐窝狭窄：椎间盘退变膨出和上下关节突肥大是其主要原因，前后径下关节突肥大是其主要原因，前后径22mmmm为狭窄，为狭窄，2-42-4mmmm为可疑。黄为可疑。黄韧带或后纵韧带肥厚、骨化。椎体韧带或后纵韧带肥厚、骨化。椎体滑脱滑脱椎板峡部裂或椎间盘、韧带退椎板峡部裂或椎间盘、韧带退变。变。MRIMRI：征象同征象同CTCT椎椎 间间 盘盘 膨膨 出出Copyrig
8、ht duxinli19椎间盘突出（中央型）椎间盘突出（中央型）Copyright duxinli20椎间盘膨出（较严重，向后有突出）椎间盘膨出（较严重，向后有突出）Copyright duxinli23Copyright duxinli24结束语当你尽了自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的，所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。When You Do Your Best,Failure Is Great,So DonT Give Up,Stick To The End感谢你的到来与聆听学习并没有结束，希望继续努力Thanks for listening,this course is expected to bring you value and help
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