Unit 1 Lesson 1 Lifestyles Grammar 语法动词不定式（ppt课件）-2022新北师大版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、The InfinitiveThe Infinitive Unit 1 GrammarTo do的形式（以动词的形式（以动词write为例）为例）主动主动被动被动一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing /完成式to have writtento have been written 否定式否定式：not+(to)doI、动词不定式的形式动词不定式的形式 1.一般时：一般时：表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作词所表示的动作同时发生或在之后发生同时发生或在之后发生。如：。如：I planned to attend th

2、e meeting.2.完成时：完成时：不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前之前。如：。如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.3.进行时：进行时：不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生同时发生。如。如：They are said to be working hard.II、动词不定式的作用动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主语主语(subject)2 表语表语(predic

3、ative)3 宾语宾语(object)4 宾补宾补(object complement)5 定语定语(attribute)6 状语状语(adverbial)7 独立结构独立结构(absolute construction)1、不定式作主语、不定式作主语 (subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长若不定式太长,

4、往往用往往用it作形式主语作形式主语,不定不定式后置。式后置。2.作表语作表语(Predicative)My dream is to be a great football player.My purpose is to help you solve your problem：不定式不定式to let,to blame,做表语时，用做表语时，用主动形式，表被动。主动形式，表被动。The house is to let I felt I was to blame for this accident The cause of the great fire is far to seekAll you

5、 have to do is(to)finish the job quickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do,用作表语的不定式可省略用作表语的不定式可省略to。Jeremy Lin likes to play basketball.The girl decided to do it herself.We hope to get there before dark.3、不定式作宾语、不定式作宾语 (object)4、不定式作宾补、不定式作宾补 (object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two

6、hours every day.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等+sb.to do sth.notice listen to hear watch 五看五看 see look at observe三三使使 let make have 二听二听一感觉一感觉:feel+sb.do sth.（不带不带to）1.They saw the boy fall suddenl

7、y from the tree.The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.当以上的动词用于被动式，当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：要还原：2.Mother made John wash the car for a week.John was made to wash the car for a week.3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to。1)She

8、could do nothing but cry.2)I have no choice but to go.3)What do you like to do besides sleep.(1).不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后词或代词之后(常常表示将来的动作常常表示将来的动作)(a)She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends.(b)Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you.5、不定式作定语、不定式作定语 (att

9、ribute)(2).当被当被the first,the last,the only等词等词以及形容词最高级修饰时以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(3).something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。做后置定语。eg:Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(5).如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需则后面需 适当的介词

10、。适当的介词。Please pass me some paper to write_.She has a nice pen to write _.He bought a flat for the family to live _ on(4).也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。There is no one to take care of her.I have no jewelry to wear.withineg:He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.1)表示目的表示目的:to in order to so

11、 as to6、不定式作状语、不定式作状语 (adverbial)2)表示原因表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作 状语状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed 等。等。eg:Im glad/pleased to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.so+adj./adv.+as to do such+n.+as to do adj./adv.+enough

12、+to dotoo+adv./adj.+to do He was so foolish as to believe it.=He was such a fool as to believe it.=He was foolish enough to believe it.We hurried to the station only to find the train had left.3)结果状语结果状语:To tell the truth,I am not happy at the moment.to be frank to be honest to tell the truth7、独立结构独

13、立结构 (absolute construction)8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用He didnt know what to say.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语主语)My question is when to start.(表语表语)不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。可充当主语、表语、宾语等。1.It is+for sb.to do sth.常用句型常用句型:It is difficult fo

14、r you to read this book.2.It is+of sb.to do sth.It is silly of you to say so.注意注意:对对of后的宾语称赞或责备时后的宾语称赞或责备时,用此句型用此句型.for sb.to do sth./of sb.to do sth.常用句型常用句型:III、动词不定式的符合结构动词不定式的符合结构 The question is very difficult to answer.The problem is difficult to deal with.1.主语主语+be+adj.+to do 能用于此句型的形容词有能用于此句

15、型的形容词有:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.IV、动形式表被动意义的不定式动形式表被动意义的不定式The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2.主语主语+be+adj.+enough+to do The books seemed too heavy to carry.The ice

16、is too thin to skate on.3.主语主语+be+too+adj.+to do 1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是 make,let,have 或或 look at,see,watch,observe,hear,listen to,feel 等，不定式等，不定式不带不带to.2.在下列结构后在下列结构后 had better,would rather,would ratherthan,cannot but（不得（不得不不，必然，不能不），必然，不能不）,cant help but 等等 3.Why.或或 why not 表建议表建议V

17、、动词不定式的省略、动词不定式的省略Review1.It is good to help others.2.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.3.My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.I.Identify its function.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(pred

18、icative)4.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.5.I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6.A big company has decided to buy it from me.7.My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.I have had to work hard to live a

19、normal life.9.Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.10.We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)1.爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2.据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3.根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到

20、达。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis workII.Translation.to have arrived safely4.我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.5.玛莉仿佛已经被告知此事了。玛莉仿佛已经被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6.众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repa

21、ired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediatelyIII.阅读短文，按照句子结构的语法性和阅读短文，按照句子结构的语法性和 上下文连贯的要求，在空格处使用括上下文连贯的要求，在空格处使用括 号中词语的正确形式填空。号中词语的正确形式填空。Children arent born knowing that some people may be different from them.Children have to be taught what disabilities are so that they can

22、understand them.They also have to know how _(treat)people with disabilities.to treatTalking to your kids about disabilities is an important aspect of the parenting role.Your children should know that it is wrong _(make)fun of people just because they are different.Children need to learn _(respect)ot

23、hers if they themselves want _(respect).It is parents job _(make)sure their children understand disabilities and treat all people kindly.to maketo respectto be respectedto makeI want to tell you something.Make up a short passage using Make up a short passage using the infinitive as much as the infin

24、itive as much as possible.The beginning of the possible.The beginning of the passage is given below.passage is given below.For exampleFor exampleHi,I want to tell you something.I will goto Ruian for shopping this afternoon.Do you want to go with me?First,Id like to go to Kaitai Store.But to be frank,most of time I am there only to do some window shopping,because everything is expensive.Then,I plan to go to HongQiaoRoad to buy some clothes.I like to try the new fashion style of this season.By the way,do you know anything to entertain us?If so,I cant wait to have a try!Why not come and join me?