Unit 1 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、Subject-Verb Agreement主谓一致主谓一致英语语法框架语法知识语音音素音节句法词法九大词类动词动词 词汇 搭配时时态态(一般，进行，完成，完成进行一般，进行，完成，完成进行现在，现在，过去，将来，过去将来过去，将来，过去将来)两大语两大语态态三类非谓语动三类非谓语动词词并列句 复合句复合句 主谓一主谓一致致句子成分（主谓宾定状补表同位语主谓宾定状补表同位语）四类句子：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句五种简单句名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语）定语从句 状语从句语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气语气：陈述语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气Read the sentences and a

2、nswer the questions.找出主语找出主语(人人/物物/事事)和谓语和谓语(动词动词)My family lives in Shenzhen.Our football team is fantastic.Large quantities of water have been polluted.They were followed by a strange man.S主语主语V谓语谓语S主语主语V谓语谓语V谓语谓语S主语主语S主语主语V谓语谓语 “主谓一致主谓一致”是指是指谓语动词谓语动词与与主语主语必必须须在人称、数上保持一致在人称、数上保持一致，即，即主语是复数，主语是复数，谓

3、语也用复数形式谓语也用复数形式，主语是单数，谓语要主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式用单数形式。在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则则:语法一致语法一致、意义一致意义一致、就近一致就近一致。什么是主谓一致？什么是主谓一致？Have you ever seen the TV show?Which member do you like best?And why?I like DengChao most,because he always likes helping others in the game.IheI have respect for DengChao,bec

4、ause he has a happy family.I am one of DengChaos fans,because he is a good actor.IheIhe 语法一致原则语法一致原则:主语为主语为单数形式，单数形式，谓语动词也采用谓语动词也采用单数形式；单数形式；主语为主语为复数形式，复数形式，谓语动词也采用谓语动词也采用复数形式。复数形式。单单单单复复复复and 连接的名词作主语连接的名词作主语Li Chen and Chen He_(be)good brothers.The singer and the dancer often _(attends,attend)our

5、evening party.attendThe singer and dancer often _(attends,attend)our evening party.attendsareand 连接的名词作主语连接的名词作主语Li Chen and Chen He_good brothers.are 1)1)连接的名词表示连接的名词表示不同的不同的人或物人或物,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数The singer and the dancer often _(attend)our evening party.attend歌手和舞者歌手和舞者（两个人）（两个人）经常参加我们的晚会。经常参加我们的晚会

6、。2).and 连接的两个名词，指连接的两个名词，指同一人或物同一人或物，谓，谓语动词用语动词用单数。单数。(注意：此时注意：此时and 的后面的名的后面的名词前面词前面没有冠词没有冠词)The singer and dancer often _(attend)our evening party.attends歌手兼舞者歌手兼舞者（同一人）（同一人）经常参加我们的经常参加我们的晚会。晚会。bread and buttera watch and chaina knife and forka coat and tiea cart and horsea needle and thread黄油面包黄油

7、面包一块带链的手表一块带链的手表刀叉刀叉一件配有领带的上衣一件配有领带的上衣一辆马车一辆马车针线针线当当and 连接的两个名词是指连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西或成套的东西,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单数单数Bread and butter is my breakfast 黄油面包是我的早餐Deng Chao as well as other members of Running Man _(be)going to take part in the show.is2.as well as together with along with rather

8、than 谓语动词的单复谓语动词的单复数由主语数由主语A决定决定-(就远原则就远原则)Tom,together with his parents_(be)going to watch the TV show-Running Man.is主语主语B主语主语A+3.表示表示成双成套的名词成双成套的名词，如：如：chopsticks,glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves 等等作主作主语时语时,谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用复数复数形式形式.Glasses _(is,are)sometimes important to a persons image（形象）（形象）.a

9、reThe pair of glasses_(make)Deng Chao more handsome.makes但如与但如与a kind of,the kind of,a pair of,the pair of等等 连用作主语时，谓语动词用连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数单数形式形式.Every boy and every girl _(like)the TV show-Running man.Many a student _(has,have)watched the TV show-Running man.More than one student _(has,have)watched the

10、 TV show-Running man.likeshashas4.every.and every.,many a/more than one+单单数可数名词数可数名词作主语，谓语动词应该用作主语，谓语动词应该用_;单数单数语法一致原则的几个难点isis1、Singing in front of audience _(be)an enjoyable experience for the singers.is2、Serving people _(be)my great happiness.3、To be a programmer _(be)my goal which I am trying to

11、 achieve.难点一：难点一：单个单个不定式不定式(短语短语),动名词动名词(短语短语)作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词用谓语动词用_。单数单数1)Those who_(want)to go should sign your names here.2)Anyone who_(want)to go should sign your name here.wantwants难点二：难点二：在定语从句中在定语从句中:先行词先行词+who/which/that（作主语）引导定语从句，（作主语）引导定语从句，从从句谓语与句谓语与_一致。一致。先行词先行词3)He was one of the studen

12、ts who _（invite）at the party last night.4)He was the only one of the students who_（invite）at the party last night.难点三：在定语从句中难点三：在定语从句中:one of+复数名词复数名词+关系代词作主语关系代词作主语引导的定语从句，从句谓语引导的定语从句，从句谓语用用_；the only one of+复数名词复数名词+关系代词作主语关系代词作主语引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，从句谓语用从句谓语用_。were invited was invited复数复数单数单数难点四难点四：主

13、语后面带有主语后面带有with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,including,but,等连接词时，等连接词时，谓语动词根据这些词的前面谓语动词根据这些词的前面_来确定形式。来确定形式。Its said that Liu Huan as well as three other music tutors of The Voice of China _(be)going to join in the show.is1).The teacher,together with his students,_

14、(be)planting trees in the garden.2).I as well as they _(be)ready to help you.is am主语主语 A or B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B 动词动词 Verb Here There+be A and B A,B and C二、就近原则二、就近原则谓语的单复数与谓语的单复数与最靠近它的主语最靠近它的主语保持一致。保持一致。在在there be 或或here be句型中，句型中，be动词单复数形动词单复数形式与最靠近它的那个名词保持一致式与最靠近它

15、的那个名词保持一致Neither the other members nor Angelababy _(know)the missions(任务任务)before the show starts.There _(be)one lady and six men in the picture.knowsis意义一致是根据主语的意义，谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。当主语为单数形式但意义为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；当主语为复数形式但意义为单数形式时。谓语动词用单数形式。（1）表示时间、金钱、距离，长度，学科，地理名称的名词作主语时，常作为一个整体来看，谓语动词用单数形式。Two hours is

16、too short for the visit.25,000 miles is a long distance.（2）分数,百分数,all,some,the rest,the remaining,part of,the majority等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词来决定。Ninety-nine percent of failures come from people who have the habit of making excuses.三、意义一致两个小时的参观太短了。两万五千里是很长的一段路程。99%的失败者来自于会找借口的人。（3）当“the+形容词”表示一类人或物时，

17、谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。The rich are not always happy.（the rich指一类人。）The beautiful is loved by all.（the beautiful表示抽象概念。）注意：“the+形容词”也可指一个人，此时，谓语动词用单数。the poor 穷人 the living 活着的人 the rich 富有的人the dead 死人 the wounded 伤员 the young 年轻人归纳美好的东西人人都喜欢。富有的人并不总是幸福的。The deceased is that boys brother.死者是那个

18、男孩的兄弟。死者是那个男孩的兄弟。就近原则就近原则：主语为单数形式，谓语一般用单数形式主语为单数形式，谓语一般用单数形式主语为复数形式，谓语一般用复数形式主语为复数形式，谓语一般用复数形式尽管主语是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语尽管主语是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语用复数形式用复数形式谓语动词的形式由和它最接近的主语的形式来决定谓语动词的形式由和它最接近的主语的形式来决定1)Look!A girl _(be)singing,and two boys _(be)dancing.3)The crowd _(be)arguing and fighting.Dont get close to the

19、m.2)Not only a nurse but also two doctors _(be)fined yesterday.A B B语法一致语法一致：意义意义/内容一致内容一致：A.is B.are C.was D.were D三个原则三个原则微课习题用动词的适当形式填空1.Three years _(have)passed since they met last time,and for them,three years _(be)a long time.2.The whole class_(be)listening to the teacher attentively.3.The ne

20、ws _(be)exciting.4.All the works _(be)excellent on the art show.5.The young _(play)an important part in the society.hasisareisareplay1 1、改错：（、改错：（2points2points）Neither he nor I is a student Neither he nor I is a student now.now.am解题思路：解题思路：当当neither.nor.连连接主语时，使用就近原则，此处接主语时，使用就近原则，此处be动词的主语是动词的主语是I

21、 限限 时时 20 秒秒2 2、单选：（、单选：（3points3points）A woman together with her three A woman together with her three children_ soonchildren_ soon.A A.is coming .is coming B B.are coming.are comingC C.has come .has come D D.have come.have come 解题思路：解题思路：当主语当主语A+together with+主语主语B，动词的单复数由主语，动词的单复数由主语A决定，故此处的主语是决定

22、，故此处的主语是a woman 限限 时时 20 秒秒3 3、填空：（、填空：（3points3points）Three days_(be)enough to Three days_(be)enough to visit the cityvisit the city.is解题思路：解题思路：表示时间、金钱等名词表示时间、金钱等名词作主语，谓语使用单数。作主语，谓语使用单数。限限 时时 20 秒秒4 4、改错：（、改错：（2points2points）This pair of trousers are mineThis pair of trousers are mine.is解题思路：解题思路：

23、当成双成套的名词前有当成双成套的名词前有the pair of或或a pair of修饰时，修饰时，谓语使用单数谓语使用单数。限限 时时 20 秒秒5 5、填空：（、填空：（3points3points）Many a scientist _(Many a scientist _(havehave)devoted their lives to sciencedevoted their lives to science.has解题思路：解题思路：当当many a或或more than one+单数可数名词作主语，谓语使单数可数名词作主语，谓语使用单数用单数。限限 时时 20 秒秒6 6、单选：（、

24、单选：（3points3points）E-mail,as well as telephones,E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in our _ an important part in our daily lifedaily life.A A.is playing .is playing B B.are.are playingplayingC C.have played .have played D D.play.play 解题思路：解题思路：当主语当主语A+as well as+主语主语B，动词的单复数由主语，动词的单复数由

25、主语A决定，决定，故此处的主语是故此处的主语是E-mail.限限 时时 20 秒秒7 7、填空：（、填空：（4points4points）Mary and Toms father _ Mary and Toms father _(workwork)in a hospital)in a hospital.works解题思路：解题思路：此处此处andand连接的名词表连接的名词表同一人，即同一人，即MaryMary与与TomTom是兄妹，故是兄妹，故谓语使用单数；如使用谓语使用单数；如使用Marys and Marys and Toms fathers Toms fathers 表示不同的人，谓语

26、表示不同的人，谓语使用复数。使用复数。限限 时时 20 秒秒8 8、填空（、填空（3points3points）What he wants_(be)What he wants_(be)some some books.books.解题思路：解题思路：What What 引导的主语从句，引导的主语从句，动词的单复数由动词的单复数由后面的名词后面的名词决定决定。限限 时时 20 秒秒arehttps:/ was surprised when Disney said its film team members were remaking.The Jungle Book.Based on Rudyard

27、 Kiplings book of the same title,it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.Mowgli and his animal friends live happily in the jungle until one day Shere Khan the tiger returns and tries to drive him out of the jungle.In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film,which is widely regarded as a

28、 classic.However,its old age shows.The new film uses much more advanced technologynot only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created.Building the jungle environment on the computer was no easy job.It took more than 800 artists over a year to work on the project.The Jungle Book lasts for a

29、bout two hours but there is enough tension and humour to hold your attention during the whole film.Two hours seems very short when youre having so much fun!Exploring the rules Go through the passage in Part A and finish the table.Subject+Singular verbSubject+Plural verb Everyone was its film team me

30、mbers were Mowgli and his animal friends liveits old age showsThe new film usesnot only the animals but also the jungle isBuilding the jungle environment on the computer wasThe Jungle Book laststhere is enough tension and humorTwo hours seemsWorking out the rulesWorking out the rules1.Subject-verb a

31、greement means choosing the correct singular or plural verb according to the(1)_.2.The verb should be singular if the subject is(2)_;the verb should be plural if the subject is(3)_.*You can choose more than one answer for each blank.a a singular noun b a plural noun c an uncountable noun d a book/fi

32、lm title e a verb-ing form f a phrase of two or more words linked by and,referring to two or more objects or people g a pronoun like everyone h a phrase of measurement like two hours3.When not only but also is used as the subject of a sentence,or there be is followed by two or more nouns as the subj

33、ect of a sentence,the verb agrees with the noun closest to it.a,c,d,e,g,h b,fsubjectB Applying the rulesPage 7 B1+B2 B1 Circle the correct words to complete the following sentences.1 Is/Are five million dollars enough to make a good film?2 I think Mowgli and Shere Khan is/are the most interesting ch

34、aracters in The Jungle Book.3 Drinking cola often makes/make the cinema experience more enjoyable.4 There is/are one tree and three children on the film poster.5 Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was/were directed by David Yates.6 If anyone is/are interested in the film,please let me know.B2 C

35、omplete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.be look make requireSimon:The Jungle Book sounds great.But what(1)_ the new film so much better than the original?Laura:The picture quality,as well as the special effects,(2)_ far better.Not only the animals but also the f

36、orest(3)_ so real!While you watch,you feel like reaching out your hand to touch the leaves.Simon:Sounds super!Is it true that there(4)_only one real human character in the film?Laura:Yes.Thats Mowgli,played by a child actor named Neel Sethi.The rest(5)_ all digitally created.Simon:Does that mean he

37、had to act alone?makesislooksisarebe look make requireLaura:Yes.When he acted alone in front of a green screen,a lot of imagination(6)_.There was another problem:the digitally created animals had no shadows,but the film team (7)_able to find a solution.Simon:How was the problem solved?Laura:Light and shadows(8)_ thrown onto Mowgli with the aid of a system they developed,showing that animals were moving near him.Simon:Thats really interesting and creative!was requiredwas/werewere