人教新目标2019八年级英语下册Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks短语语法知识点汇总.doc

1、 1 1 Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parksUnit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 一、必背短语 Section A 部分 1.清洁、打扫 clean up 2.使振奋、高兴 cheer up 3.分发、散发 give/ hand out 4.过去、曾经 used to 5.志愿去做某事 volunteer to do 6.提出，相出 come up with 7.推迟 put off 8.张贴；搭建 put up 9.打电话 call up 10.照顾，照料 care for/look after

2、/take care of 11.在岁 at the age of 12.参与选拔；试用 try out 13.同时 at the same time 14.一个强烈的满足感 a strong feeling of satisfaction 15.为而筹钱 raise money for 16.为发愁 be worried about Section B 部分 1.修理、装饰 fix up 2.用光，用尽 run out (of) 3.（外貌/行为）像 take after 4.捐赠、赠送 give away 5.与相似 be similar to 6.建立；设立 set up 7.残疾人 d

3、isabled people 8.对有影响/作用 make a difference to 9.帮助某人摆脱困境 help sb. out 10.对感到兴奋 be excited about 【教材内容解析】【教材内容解析】 Section ASection A 1.1. You could You could helphelp to to clean upclean up the city parks. (P. 9)the city parks. (P. 9) (1) help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 翻译：你能在家庭作业方面帮助我吗？_ help sb. (to) do

4、sth. 帮助某人做某事 翻译：他常常帮助他妈妈做家务。_ (2) clean up 意为“打扫干净” 翻译：Nancy, please clean up your room. _ 2.2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them upcheer them up. (P. 9). (P. 9) cheer up 意为“使开心, 使振作、振奋”，代词用作宾语时，要当在 cheer 和 up 之间。 翻

5、译：Cheer up! Everything will be OK. _ 3.3. The boy could The boy could give outgive out food at food at the food bank. (P. 9)the food bank. (P. 9) 2 2 give out 意为“分发、散发”，相当于 hand out。 翻译：这有一些书。请把它们分发给同学们。 _ 4.4. The girl could The girl could volunteervolunteer in an afterin an after- -school study pr

6、ogram to teach kids. (P. 9)school study program to teach kids. (P. 9) volunteer 用作动词，表示“义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语，volunteer to do sth.“志愿 做某事”；作名词，表示“志愿者” ，为可数名词。 翻译：Tom volunteered to help us. _ 5.5. Lets make some notices, Lets make some notices, tootoo. (P. 10). (P. 10) also, too, as well 与 either 都可以表示“

7、也”，但是用法不同。 also 放在句中行为动词前，be 动词、助动词和情态动词之后。 He also wants to go. too 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。 He wants to go, too. as well 用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。 He wants to go as well. either 用于否定句句末，句前不用逗号隔开。 He doesnt want to go either 6.6. We need to We need to come up withcome up with a plan for the City park Clean

8、a plan for the City park Clean- -Up Day. (P. 10)Up Day. (P. 10) come up with 表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。 翻译：或许他会提出一个好的主意。_ 7.7. Oh, what did they ask you to Oh, what did they ask you to help outhelp out with? (P. 10)with? (P. 10) help out 意为“帮忙分担、帮某人摆脱困境”。 翻译：Bill helped me out when I was in trouble. _ 8.8.

9、They told me stories about the past andThey told me stories about the past and how things how things used toused to be. (P. 10)be. (P. 10) 辨析：辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与与 be used to do sth.be used to do sth. 辨析： used to do sth；be used to

10、 do sth；与 be /get used to doing sth used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 记忆口诀：used to do 常常过； be used to do 被用做； be used to doing 习惯做 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 9.9. Yeah, a lot of old people are Yeah, a lot of old people are lonelylonely. (P. 10). (P. 10) lonely 作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏

11、僻的”； alone 既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。 翻译：He feels lonely at home himself. _ 翻译：His grandfather was alone. _；alone 是_词。 3 3 翻译：Mr. Smith lives alone. _；alone 是_词。 10.10. We should listen to them and We should listen to them and care forcare for them. (P. 10)them. (P. 10) care for 意为“照顾、照料”，后接名词或

12、者代词作宾语，相当于 look after 或者 take care of。 翻译：她每天放学后照顾她的弟弟。 _ 11. I get 11. I get suchsuch a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. (P. 11)look of joy on their

13、owners faces. (P. 11) such 用作形容词，表示“这样、如此”，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可以修饰可数 名词复数或者不可数名词。 翻译：Its such a nice day. _ 翻译：I hope to have such delicious food every day. _ 12.12. She couShe could read by herself ld read by herself at the age ofat the age of four. (P. 11)four. (P. 11) at the age of 表示“在岁时”，表示年龄。

14、翻译：He started school at the age of six. _ 13.13. Last year, she decided to Last year, she decided to try out fortry out for a volunteer aftera volunteer after- -school reading program. (P. 11)school reading program. (P. 11) try out for 意为“参加选拔、争取成为”。 翻译：Many boys tried out for the football team. _ 1

15、4.14. I can do what I love to do and help others I can do what I love to do and help others at the same timeat the same time. (P. 12). (P. 12) at the same time 意为“同时”。 翻译：你不能同时写作业和看电视。_ 15.15. Our class is Our class is tryingtrying to.(P. 12)to.(P. 12) try to do sth. “尽力做某事” 翻译：医生尽力挽救（save）生病的女孩。_ t

16、ry doing sth. “尝试做某事” 翻译：男孩尝试弹钢琴。_ Section BSection B 1.1. I I take aftertake after my mother. (P. 13)my mother. (P. 13) take after 意为“长得像”。 翻译：Mary 长得像她爸爸. _ 4 4 2.2. I I fixed it upfixed it up. (P. 13). (P. 13) fix up 意为“修理”，代词作宾语时，放在 fix 和 up 中间。 翻译：My computer doesnt work. Can you fix it up for

17、me? _ 3.3. I I gave it awaygave it away. (P. 13). (P. 13) give away 意为“捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。 翻译：我的妹妹把她的衣服捐赠给了穷孩子们。 _ 4.4. Im Im similarsimilar to her. (P. 13)to her. (P. 13) be similar to 意为“与相似”，be similar in“在方面类似”。 翻译：Her ideas are similar to mine. _ 翻译：The twins are similar in appearances. _ 5.5

18、. I didnt I didnt keepkeep it. (P. 13)it. (P. 13) keep sth. 保留某物 翻译：You can keep the book until the next weekend. _ keep doing sth. 一直做某事 翻译：The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison（监狱）. _ keep+adj. 保持 翻译：The girl eats a little to keep slim（苗条的）. _ keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语

19、 保持某人/某物 翻译：We should keep the window open while we are asleep. _ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事 翻译：The mother kept the baby crying on the bed. _ 6.6. Who Who wrote the letter towrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14)Miss Li? (P. 14) write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “给某人写信” 翻译：她正在给她父母

20、写信。_ 7.7. You helped to You helped to make it possible for me to have Luckymake it possible for me to have Lucky. (P. 14). (P. 14) 5 5 有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾 语补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有 find，think，feel，make 等。 翻译：I find it interesting to play computer games _ 翻译：We all think it very dif

21、ficult to finish the work in an hour. _ 8.8. Lucky Lucky makes a big difference tomakes a big difference to my life. (P. 14)my life. (P. 14) make a difference to 意为“对有影响、对起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。 翻译：Changing schools made a difference to my life. _ 翻译：The rain made no difference to the game. _ 9.9. Or Or

22、 imagineimagine you cant walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14)you cant walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14) imagine 表示“想象”时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。 翻译：You cant imagine how fast the player ran. _ 10.10. I cant use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening I cant use my ar

23、ms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or and closing doors, or carryingcarrying things are difficult for me. (P. 14) things are difficult for me. (P. 14) bring 表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词 here 连用；take 表示“带走”， 强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词 there 连用；carry 表示“搬

24、、抬”，没有方向性。 翻译：The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school. _ 11.11. She talked to Animal Helpers about gettShe talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special ing me a special trainedtrained dog. (P. 14) dog. (P. 14) train 用作及物动词，表示“训练、培训”，train s

25、b./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。 翻译：They train the dogs to open the door. _ 12.12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able towas able to bring him home. bring him home. (P. 14) (P. 14) be able to 意为“能，会”，表示能力，与

26、 can 同义。 In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers. 【拓展】辨析：【拓展】辨析：be able tobe able to 与与 cancan be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而 can 强调自身已具有的能力。 6 6 She can sing the song in English. He will be able to sing this song in English, too. 【语法讲解】【语法讲解】 动词不定式动词不定式 一、 作主语 为避

27、免句子的头重脚轻，常用 it 作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. 翻译：_ It takes sb. some time to do sth. 翻译：_ 二、 作宾语 动词 agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算， 计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)； dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，w

28、ant， expect (希望，想要)； fail ； （不能；忘记） ； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine （决心）常接动词不定式作宾语。 【记忆口诀】 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心强。 三、 作（后置）定语 常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do” “Its time to do sth.” 等结 构中。 四、动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在 不定式前加 in order

29、 (to) 或 so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。 五、作宾语补足语 tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call 等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。 【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to： “一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。 六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有： had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做 Would you like to do sth.? 你想做？ Why not do sth.? 为什么不做? Would you please (not) do sth.? 请你（不）做.好吗？