中考英语语法专项复习：形容词和副词-课件(共73张).ppt

1、考点一考点一 形容词和副词的用法形容词和副词的用法形容词、副词辨析形容词、副词辨析一、形容词的用法及位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1 1作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。4.某些形容词可以和定冠词某些形容词可以和定冠词the连用，表示一类人或物。连用，表示一类人或物。The old should be taken care of.老人应该被照顾。老人应该被照顾。5.形容词修饰复合不定代词或者副词时，后置。形容词修饰复合不定代词或者副词时，后置。something

2、 important somewhere interesting6.数词数词+名词名词+形容词，表示长、宽、高、深及年龄。形容词，表示长、宽、高、深及年龄。five thousand kilometers long7.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时候的顺序多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时候的顺序：限定词限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名次所有冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名次所有格、数词格、数词)+描述描述+形状形状(大小、长短、高低大小、长短、高低)+年龄年龄/新旧新旧+颜色颜色+国籍国籍/地区地区/出处出处+材料材料She has beautiful long black hair

3、.8.形容词的常用句式形容词的常用句式(1)“Itsadj.ofsb不定式不定式”表示表示“某人做某事某人做某事”。注意注意 这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如：如：good，kind，nice，polite，clever等等(2)“Itsadj.forsb不定式不定式”表示表示“做某事对某人来做某事对某人来说说”。注意注意 这一句型中常用描述做某事性质的形容词：如这一句型中常用描述做某事性质的形容词：如important，necessary，difficult等。等。二、副词的构成、分类和位置二、副词的构成、分类和位置1.副词的作用

4、副词的作用 副词是表示行为特征或者状态特征的词。主要用来副词是表示行为特征或者状态特征的词。主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。在句中主要做状语。修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。在句中主要做状语。1.作状语。如：作状语。如：He parked the car very easily.(修饰副词修饰副词)2.作定语。如：作定语。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.3.作表语。作表语的副词（如作表语。作表语的副词（如 in,out,on,back,down,up,off,away,upstairs）多数是表示位

5、置或状态的。如：）多数是表示位置或状态的。如：Whats on this evening?4.作宾语补足语。如：作宾语补足语。如：We saw her off two days ago.考点抢测考点抢测1.Could you please turn down the music?My son needs a _ place to study in.A.cleanB.quietC.safeD.small3.Its hot here.Please keep the windows _.A.closingB.openC.closedD.opened2.These apples look really

6、 _.Are they popular at the market?Yes,they sell _ all the time.A.good;goodB.good;wellC.well;goodD.well;well4.These physics problems are so _ that the students can _ work them out.A.hardly;hard B.hard;hardlyC.hard;hard D.hardly;hardlylonely与与alone lonely 意为意为“独自的，孤独的，寂寞的独自的，孤独的，寂寞的”，强调，强调内心的寂寞和孤单，有浓厚

7、的感情色彩，用在定语内心的寂寞和孤单，有浓厚的感情色彩，用在定语或表语。如：或表语。如：He doesnt feel lonely when he is left alone.当剩下他一个人的时候，他并不感到孤独。当剩下他一个人的时候，他并不感到孤独。alone 意为意为“独自的，单独的，独自一人的独自的，单独的，独自一人的”，侧重于单独存在，指客观上独自一人，作形容词时侧重于单独存在，指客观上独自一人，作形容词时只用作表语或后置定语。如：只用作表语或后置定语。如：I want to be alone for a while now.现在我想单独待一会儿。现在我想单独待一会儿。He was a

8、lone in the room.他独自一人在房间里。他独自一人在房间里。（1）易混词义辨析：）易混词义辨析：much too,too much 与与 too manyThe box is much too heavy,so I cant carry it.We have too much work to do.There are too many students in our class.辨析辨析含义含义用法用法much too非常，太非常，太后面跟形容词或副词后面跟形容词或副词too much太多的太多的后面跟不可数名词后面跟不可数名词too many太多的太多的后面跟可数名词后面跟可数

9、名词考点二考点二 形容词和副词的辨析形容词和副词的辨析 Its+形容词形容词+for sb.+to do sth.句型中的形容词，句型中的形容词，要用要用-ing 形容词。如：形容词。如：Its relaxing to take a walk after supper.晚饭后去散步感觉很轻松。晚饭后去散步感觉很轻松。拓展拓展：常见的：常见的 -ing 与与 -ed 的形容词的形容词-ing（令人（令人）-ed（感到）（感到）相关短语相关短语excitingexcitedbe excited aboutsurprisingsurprisedbe surprised atinterestingin

10、terestedbe interested inrelaxingrelaxedrelax oneselfboringboredbe bored with（2）易混的）易混的-ing 与与-ed 形容词形容词 -ing 和和-ed 是由现在分词和过去分词转化而来的形容是由现在分词和过去分词转化而来的形容词，具有形容词的性质。词，具有形容词的性质。-ing 形容词一般用来形容形容词一般用来形容“物物”本身具有的性质，本身具有的性质，表示表示“令人令人”。如：。如：Its an interesting story book.这是一本有趣的故事书。这是一本有趣的故事书。-ed 形容词一般用来形容形容词

11、一般用来形容“人人”的感受，表示的感受，表示“感感到到”。如：。如：I felt bored to see the film.我觉得看这部我觉得看这部电影很无聊。电影很无聊。形容词形容词词义词义副词副词词义词义strong强大的强大的strongly强大地强大地easy简单的简单的easily简单地简单地careful仔细的仔细的carefully仔细地仔细地quick快的快的quickly快地快地simple简单的简单的simply简单地简单地 形容词形容词词义词义副词副词词义词义good好的好的well好地好地happy开心的开心的happily开心地开心地heavy重的重的heavily

12、严重地严重地 2.I like the car very much,but I cant afford it because the price is too _.A.expensiveB.highC.dear考点抢测考点抢测1.Terra,you shouldnt be so _.You always leave your things here and there.Sorry,mom.Ill put them away soon.A.terrifiedB.cheerful C.carelessD.frightened4.He eats _ meat,so he is _ fat.A.too

13、 many;many tooB.too much;much tooC.much too;too manyD.much too;too much3.We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so _.A.quickB.quicklyC.usefulD.usefully2.My children have to spend _ time on their homework every day.So they are very tired.A.muchB.someC.many考点抢测考点抢测考点三考点三 形容词、副词的比较等级形容词、副词的比较等级1

14、.The new teacher spoke as _ as she could to make her students understand her.A.clearB.clearlyC.more clearlyD.the most clearly4.With _ pollution,our planet will become greener and our health will be better.A.littleB.lessC.fewD.fewer3.Who can reach the dictionary on the top shelf?Susan can.She is _ gi

15、rl of us all.A.tallerB.a tallC.the tallest6.Today is the _ day in my life,because I won the first prize in the competition.Congratulations!A.happyB.happiestC.happierD.much happier5.Its true that _ you study,_ your future will be.A.the hard;the goodB.the harder;the betterC.the hard;the bestD.the hard

16、er;the good【解析】【解析】考查形容词的比较级及原级。句意为：考查形容词的比较级及原级。句意为：我认为中文与英文一样我认为中文与英文一样_。但是，英文比。但是，英文比中文学起来中文学起来_。interesting 有趣的；有趣的；difficult 困难的；困难的；asas 与与一样，中间接一样，中间接形容词原形，表示同级比较，故第一空填形容词原形，表示同级比较，故第一空填interesting；第二空由提示词；第二空由提示词 than 可知填比较可知填比较级。故选级。故选D。7.I think Chinese is as _ as English.But English is _

17、to learn than Chinese.A.interesting;difficultB.more interesting;more difficultC.more interesting;difficultD.interesting;more difficult类别类别构成方法构成方法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音单音节词节词和少和少数双数双音节音节词词以重读闭音节以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音只有一个辅音字母，则双写字母，则双写这一辅音字母，这一辅音字母，再加再加-er,-estbigfathotbiggerfatter hotterbiggestfattest

18、hottest辅音字母加辅音字母加y结结尾尾,变变y为为i,再加再加-er,-esthappyeasyhealthyhappiereasierhealthierhappiesteasiesthealthiest形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化类别类别构成方法构成方法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音单音节词节词和少和少数双数双音节音节词词直接加直接加-er,-estyoungtallyoungertalleryoungesttallest以以e结尾的加结尾的加-r,-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest考点三：考点三：形容词和副词

19、的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词比较等级的不规则变化形容词和副词比较等级的不规则变化原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest类别类别构成方法构成方法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级多音多音节词节词和部和部分双分双音节音节词词有些双音有些双音节词和多节词和多音节词，音节词，在词前加在词前加more,mostimportantcare

20、fulinterestingmore important/careful/interestingthe most important/careful/interesting等级等级句型句型例句例句原级原级Its not as/so hot today as yesterday.This story is less interesting than that one.not+as/so+原级原级+as“不如不如”less+原级原级+than“不如不如”形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型等级等级句型句型例句例句原级原级I think this book is as int

21、eresting as that one.as+原级原级+as“和和一样一样”Flat A is more expensive than Flat B.(同义句同义句)Flat B is _ _ than Flat A.Flat B is _ _ Flat A.Flat B is not _ _ _ Flat A.lessexpensivecheaperthanasexpensiveas等级等级句型句型例句例句比较级比较级He runs faster than she.比较级比较级+than.比比.（更）（更）.（基本句型）（基本句型）3._you are,_mistakes you will

22、 make.(你你越仔细越仔细，做错的题目就，做错的题目就越少越少）4._you eat,_youll be.(你吃得你吃得越多越多,就就越胖越胖)The more carefulthe fewerThe morethe fatter1.The girl becomes _.(越来越漂亮）越来越漂亮）more and more beautiful2.The weather is getting _.(越来越槽糕）越来越槽糕）worse and worse等等级级句型句型例句例句比比较较级级The busier we are,the happier we will be.Our country

23、is getting stronger and stronger.the+比较级，比较级，the+比较级比较级“越越越越”比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级“越来越越来越”翻译：翻译：1.我的外套比你的贵两倍。我的外套比你的贵两倍。2.我哥哥比我大我哥哥比我大5岁。岁。My coat is twice more expensive than yours.My coat is three times as expensive as yours.My brother is five years older than me.等等级级句型句型例句例句比比较较级级This classroom is th

24、ree times as big as that one.This classroom is twice bigger than that one.He is 10 kilos heavier than me.倍数倍数+as+原级原级+as是是的几倍的几倍倍数倍数+比较级比较级+than.比比.几倍几倍.数次数次+名词名词+比较级比较级+than“表示两者之表示两者之间相差多少间相差多少”等级等级句型句型例句例句比较级比较级 Which is bigger,the earth or the sun?Who is taller,Jim or Tim?Which/Who.+比较级，比较级，A or

25、 B?“哪一个哪一个/谁更谁更.，A还是还是B？”1.Lily gets up _(early)of the two girls.2.Which goes _(slowly),Tom or Jim?3.Which book is _ (interesting),this one or that one?the earliermore slowly more interesting等级等级句型句型例句例句比较级比较级 Jack is the younger of the two boys.the+比较级比较级+of the two.“两者中较两者中较为为的一个的一个”Sam is the sho

26、rtest in his class.(改为同义句改为同义句)Sam is _ than _ _ student in his class.Sam is _ than _ _ students in his class.shorterany othershorterthe other等级等级句型句型例句例句比较级比较级表达表达最高级最高级1.He is taller than any other boy in his class.2.He is taller than the other boys in his class.1.比较级比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词单数可数名

27、词2.比较级比较级+than+the other+复数可数名词复数可数名词“比其他任何一个都比其他任何一个都.”1.She works _ (careful)in her school.2.Jim goes to bed _(late)in his family.3.I think turkey is _ (delicious)of all.the most carefully latestthe most delicious等级等级句型句型例句例句最高级Jim is the tallest boy of all（the boys）.Jim is the tallest boy in his

28、class.the+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名名词词+in/among/of 短语短语 （in+范围，among/of+对象）（基本句型）等级等级句型句型例句例句最高级最高级Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.one of the+最高最高级级+复数名词复数名词“最最的的之一之一”等级等级句型句型例句例句最最高高级级Which is the biggest,the sun,the moon or the earth?The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.Wh

29、ich/Who.+the+最高级，最高级，A,B or C?“哪一个哪一个/谁更谁更.，A,B还是还是C？”the+序数词序数词+最高级最高级“（在（在.范围内）范围内）第几第几”形容词原级、比较级和最高级的修饰词形容词原级、比较级和最高级的修饰词（1）形容词原级前可以用）形容词原级前可以用very,quite,rather,too,so,pretty等修饰。等修饰。如：如：The shirt is pretty good.（2）形容词比较级前可以用）形容词比较级前可以用much/far/a lot,even/still,a little/a bit 等修饰。等修饰。如：如：He is muc

30、h stronger than you.（3）形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词）形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，但当形容词，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰词时，则不用最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰词时，则不用定冠词定冠词the。如：如：This is my busiest day.这是我最忙的一天。这是我最忙的一天。3.Lin Tao is _ in the class because he never gets to school on time.（最懒的学生之一）（最懒的学生之一）4.Edison was_ in the world.(最伟大的发明家之一）最伟大的发明

31、家之一）one of the laziest studentsone of the greatest inventors1.The Yangtze River is_ river in the world.(第三长河）第三长河）the third longest2.The Atlantic is _ ocean in the world.(第二大洋）第二大洋）the second biggest3.None of the students watched it .A.careful enough B.enough carefully C.carefully enough D.enough ca

32、reful 答案 C.4.Miss Gao is a good English teacher.The students in her class English.A.are interested in B.are interesting inC.are interested at D.are interesting to 答案 A.1-What does Lucy like better,singing or dancing?-Singing.of course.Shes known to it.A.be good at B.be good for C.be bad at D.be bad

33、for 答案 A.2.The girl was afraid she threw her bag away.A.so,that B.too,to C.too,that D.enough,to 答案 A.7.The two friends were pleased to see each other that they forgot everything.A.so B.too C.very D.much 答案 A.8.You dont like the same colours and I dont like them,.A.too B.also C.either D.neither 答案 C.

34、5.The twins are together most of the time.So they never feel .A.alone B.lonely C.happily D.friendly 答案 B.6.What a cough!You seem ill.A.terrible,terribly B.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terrible D.terribly,terribly 答案 A.11.-Can you understand me?-Sorry,I can understand you.A.hardly B.almost C.even D.ev

35、er 答案 A.12.do you write to your penfriend?About twice a month.A.How often B.How soon C.How much D.How long 答案 A.9.Jim is at all his lessons.And Im sure hell do very in the exams.A.well,good B.good,well C.well,well D.good,good 答案 B.10.Lets go out for supper now.Im very .A.hungry B.angry C.tired D.thi

36、rsty 答案 A.14.It is one oclock,but her father hasnt come back .A.already B.still C.too D.yet 答案 D.析 完成时的否定句尾要用yet，而already则用于肯定句。13.It is very to listen to him.A.interested B.interesting C.interested in D.interest 答案 B.析 interest作为名词有两个词义，兴趣，银行中所讲的利息。而其形容词 interesting是使人感兴趣的，而interested是感兴趣的如：He is i

37、nterested in English.16.They cant answer the question in Japanese;we cant answer it,.A.also B.too C.either D.neither 答案 C.15.She did her homework .A.carefully B.careful C.care D.careless 答案 A.析 这里应填入副词，而careless是由care加less后辍得来的，less意为没有，是否定之意，如：careless-不小心，homeless-无家可归。而carefully为副词。18.Wait a minu

38、te,I have to tell you.A.something interested B.something interestingC.interesting something D.anything interesting 答案 B.析 修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词之后。17.This egg smells ,though it looks all right.A.good B.well C.bad D badly 答案 C.析 smell为系动词，其后应加形容词，而不是副词。同样的词，还有sound，feel,seem、become(变成)等等，如：Ice feels cold in winter.20.My sister said she would try to speak English every day.A.a little B.a few C.litttle D.few 答案 A.析 little修饰不可数名词，而a little意为一些，一点。19.I shall visit you next year.A.sometimes B.sometime C.some time D.some times 答案 B.析 sometimes 有时，sometime 某一时刻，some time 一段时间，some times 若干次