2021中考英语复习：语法专题突破专题10动词的时态和语态课件.pptx

1、2021中考英语复习：语法专题突破专题10动词的时态和语态课件|动词的时态|考点一动词的各种形式1.动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词类别构成例词动词原形 没有经过任何变形,也就是词 典中给出的一般形式 be,have,do,learn第三人称单数形式 一般在动词原形后加-s runruns,likelikes 以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后 加-es teachteaches,washwashes,gogoes,passpasses,fixfixes 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先 将y变为i,再加-es studystudies,carrycarries类别构成例词现在分词 在动词后

2、加-ing readreading,cookcooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动 词,去掉e再加-ing liveliving,writewriting 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sitsitting,shopshopping,beginbeginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要 变ie为y,再加-ing diedying,lielying,tietying 2.动词的过去式及过去分词的构成变化情况规则例词规则变化在动词原形后加-ed workworkedworked,staystayedstayed以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先将y变

3、为i再加-ed carrycarriedcarried,studystudiedstudied以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d livelivedlived,closeclosedclosed以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stopstoppedstopped,planplannedplanned变化情况规则例词不规则变化AAA型(即原形、过去式与过去分词三式同型)cutcutcut,putputput,letletletABB型(即过去式与过去分词同型)thinkthoughtthought,teachtaughttaughtABC型(即原形、

4、过去式与过去分词不同型)dodiddone,gowentgoneABA型(即原形与过去分词同型)comecamecome,runranrun时态用法构成常见标志词语例句一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作(2)表示现在的 状态、特征或真 理(3)在时间、条 件状语从句中,常用一般现在时 代替将来时(1)主语+动词原形(2)主语(第三人称 单数)+动词(第三 人称单数)(3)主语+am/is/are+其他 often,usually,sometimes,every day(week/month/year),once a week等 He goes to school every day.他每

5、天都去上学。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。If she is free,she will come to see me tomorrow.如果她明天有空就会来看我。考点二常见6种时态的构成及用法时态用法构成常见标志词语例句一般过去时(1)表示过去某 时发生的事(2)表示过去存 在的状态或过去 反复发生的动作(1)主语+动词过去 式(2)主语+was/were+其他 yesterday,last year (week/night/month),three years ago,in 2015,just now等 He worked in a fact

6、ory in 2015.他2015年在一家工厂工作。时态用法构成常见标志词语例句一般将来时(1)表示将来 的动作或状态(2)表示即将 发生的或最近 打算做的事(3)表示按计 划即将发生的 动作(1)主语+will/shall+动词原形(2)主语+be going to+动词 原形(3)go,come,start,move,leave等可用进行时态表将来 注意there be句型的一般将 来时结构为There will be/There is/are going to be tomorrow,next week(year/month),in+时间段,in 2025等 We will have a

7、 party tomorrow.明天我们将有个聚会。Im leaving for Beijing.我将要动身去北京。There will be a meeting tomorrow.明天将有一个会议。时态用法构成常见标志词语例句现在进行时 表示说话时刻或 现阶段正在进行 的动作 主语+am/is/are+现在分词now,look,listen,these days,at the moment等 Look!They are playing football.看!他们正在踢足球。Im doing my homework now.现在我正在做我的家庭作业。时态用法构成常见标志词语例句过去进行时 表示

8、过去某一时 刻、某一阶段正 在进行的动作 主语+was/were+现在分词 at that moment,at this time yesterday,atoclock yesterday evening等 I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。He was reading a novel when I came in.当我进来的时候,他正在看小说。时态用法构成常见标志词语例句现在完成时(1)表示动作 在说话之前已 完成,对现在有 影响(2)表示动作开 始于过去,持续 到现在并可能 继续进行下去 主语+have/has

9、+过去分词 just,ever,yet,already,so far,in the past 5 years,for和since引 导的时间状语 He has been to Beijing.他去过北京。He has studied English for 5 years.他学习英语已经五年了。I have already finished my homework.我已经完成了我的作业。They have been married for 30 years.他们已经结婚三十年了。时态用法构成常见标志例句过去将来时 表示从过去的某 一时刻来看将要 发生的动作。常 用于主句是一般 过去时的宾语从

10、句中(1)would+动 词原形(2)was/were+going to+动词原形 判断过去将来时一 定要有一个用于表 示“过去”的参照 物。这个参照物往 往不是时间,而是一 个发生在过去的动 作。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会有个 好收成。拓展 过去将来时,过去完成时了解时态用法构成常见标志词语例句过去完成时 表示过去的某一 时刻以前已经发 生的动作或存在 的状态,也就是“过去的过去”had+过去分词 by,before短语 或when,before,after,until等引

11、导的从句作为时 间状语 My teacher said she had never been to London.我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.当警察 到达时,小偷已经逃跑了。注意 短暂性动词与时间段连用或用于how long提问的问句中时,要转换成对应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下：arrivebe here begin/startbe ondiebe dead leavebe awaygo outbe out finish/endbe overget upbe up put onwe

12、ar/be onopenbe openj o i n b e i n/b e a m e m b e r ofclosebe closed borrowkeep buy/gethave catch(a cold)have(a cold)marrybe married fall ill/sick/asleepbe ill/sick/asleep|动词的语态|考点一被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例)：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/does am/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/we

13、re+done一般将来时 will/be(am/is/are)going to+do will/be(am/is/are)going to+be+done现在完成时have/has donehave/has been+done含情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be+done注意 (1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。My father bought me a computer.A computer was bought for me by my father.我父亲给我买了一台电脑。(2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear,se

14、e,watch,notice,make,have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法【巧学妙记】感官动词和使役动词：一感(feel);二听(hear,listen to);三让(let,make,have);四看(see,watch,look at,notice)考点二被

15、动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种水稻。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。3.动作的发出者是某个事物。Many houses were washed away in the flood.在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。4.固定句型中常用的被动语态。如：Its said that(据说),Its reported that(据报道),Its we

16、ll-known that(众所周知)等。考点三主动形式表被动意义1.look,smell,feel,taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。The cloth feels soft.这布摸起来很软。The cake tastes delicious.这蛋糕尝起来很美味。2.need/require/want+doing sth.意为“需要”。The door needs repairing.这门需要修理。The window wants cleaning.这窗户需要清洁。3.某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。T

17、hese books sell well.这些书卖得很好。The shop opens every day.这家店每天都营业。4.不及物动词和动词短语,如：happen,take place,come out,come true,run out 等。A traffic accident happened last night.昨晚发生了一起交通事故。If you work hard,your dream will come true.如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。考点过关训练.单项选择1.2019江西Ive never seen Mr Taylor before.Dont worry.I

18、him to you before the meeting.A.will introduceB.introducedC.have introducedD.had introduced2.2019成都改编Be quiet!The students an English exam.A.takeB.are takingC.will takeD.took AB3.Last March,many trees along the streets to make our city more beautiful.A.were plantedB.were plantingC.had plantedD.plant

19、ed4.The book Alice in Wonderland is very interesting.Iit twice already.A.readB.have readC.am readingD.will readAB考点过关训练5.Nowadays,because of Readers(朗读者)by CCTV,many book fans reading in public places.A.will seeB.were seenC.are seenD.have seen6.The debate on whether to keep pets forty minutes yester

20、day afternoon.A.lastB.lastedC.will lastD.has lastedCB考点过关训练7.Its said that drinking coffee cancer.Do I have to give it up?Relax!Not everything on WeChat is true.In fact,a coffee a day keeps the doctor away.A.causesB.has causedC.causedD.had causedA考点过关训练8.Linda,I called you this morning,but nobody an

21、swered the phone.Im sorry.I football with my friends then.A.playB.playedC.am playingD.was playing9.2019连云港Its reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo from 100%recycled material.A.are makingB.have madeC.is madeD.will be madeDD考点过关训练10.Clark,your room is really in a mess.It needs.Sorry

22、,Mum.Ill do it at once.A.cleanB.cleanedC.to cleanD.to be cleaned11.Mr Smiths talk on good manners is quite wonderful.The only pity is that I the first few minutes.A.missB.will missC.was missingD.missedD考点过关训练D12.Mom,my classmates are playing outside.Can I join them?Not until your homework.A.finishes

23、B.is finishedC.will be finishedD.will finish13.My deskmate was once a top student but she behind since she began to play online games.A.has fallenB.fellC.has feltD.has beenB考点过关训练D14.How do you get on with the English novel?Ive no idea.I only half of it,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A.read

24、B.am readingC.have readD.will read15.To make the city beautiful,a lot of flowers and trees every spring.A.plantB.are plantedC.plantedD.were plantedC考点过关训练B.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。1.After many years hard work,she(realize)her dream of winning a gold in the Olympics.2.The office worker(catch)the early bus to

25、work every day.3.Its reported that some wild animals (face)the danger of dying out now.4.Turn off the radio,dear.Tom is sleeping.There is no need.He (wake)up.5.If Bob(stay)away from junk food,he will be in good health.realizedcatchesare facinghas wokenstays考点过关训练6.Have you watched the movie The Lion

26、 King(狮子王),Kelly?Not yet.I (watch)it with my cousin tonight.7.How did the accident happen?The girl (read)WeChat while walking across the street.8.Students do less homework now.Usually it (finish)before 9 oclock in the evening.9.He was made(leave)his hometown.10.Chinese style of crossing roads is a bad habit and must (prevent).will watchwas readingis finishedto leavebe prevented考点过关训练