高考英语总复习时态与语态(定稿)课件.ppt

1、高考语法复习高考语法复习动词时态与语态动词时态与语态The Father and His SonThe Father and His SonFather:Father:You know,Tom,when Lincoln You know,Tom,when Lincoln _(be)_(be)your age,he your age,he _(be)_(be)a very good pupil.In a very good pupil.In fact,fact,he he _(be)_(be)the best pupil in his class.the best pupil in his cl

2、ass.Tom:Tom:Yes,Father.I Yes,Father.I _(know)_(know)that.But that.But when he when he _(be)_(be)your age,heyour age,he_(be)_(be)PresidentPresidentof the United States.of the United States.waswaswaswaswaswaswaswaswaswasknowknowWho Is the Laziest?Who Is the Laziest?Father:Father:Well,Tom,I Well,Tom,I

3、askedasked your teacher your teacher today,and now I today,and now I wantwant to ask you a to ask you a question.Whoquestion.Who is is the laziest person in the laziest person in your class?your class?Tom:Tom:I I dont knowdont know,Father.,Father.Father:Father:Oh,yes,you Oh,yes,you dodo!Think!When t

4、he!Think!When the other boys and girls other boys and girls are reading and are reading and writingwriting,who,who sitssits in class and only in class and only watcheswatches how the other people work?how the other people work?Tom:Tom:Our teacher,father.Our teacher,father.动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题

5、一动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道。般不低于两道。命题思路有三种：命题思路有三种：一一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；二二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；三三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。确判断。在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时

6、态的被动语态，在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，其中以其中以现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时考得最多。考得最多。被动语态由被动语态由“助动词助动词bebe+过去分词过去分词”构成，时态通过构成，时态通过bebe动词表现出来。动词表现出来。一、命题特点一、命题特点 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息时间

7、参照信息”，尤其是句中，尤其是句中其他动词的时态其他动词的时态，以，以及及修饰动词的状语信息修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应时应首先首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。还要注意还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。当中。二、应考策略二、应考策略一、对一般现在时的考查一、对一般现在时的考查1.1.考查其考查其基本概念基本概念：一般现在时表示一个：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性习惯性、经常性的

8、动作。的动作。常与表示习惯的副词常与表示习惯的副词always,every time,now and then,always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually 等连等连用。但近几年，对用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查一般现在时的考查常用常用过去时态或现在完过去时态或现在完成时态成时态对考生进行对考生进行干扰干扰。1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across

9、 the 1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea,which _the Pacific,and we met no storm.open sea,which _the Pacific,and we met no storm.（20052005年辽宁卷）年辽宁卷）was called B.is called was called B.is called C.had been called D.has been calledC.had been called D.has been called2.2.考查一般现在时

10、的考查一般现在时的替代用法替代用法：在以在以when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,beforebefore等引导的时间状语从句，在以等引导的时间状语从句，在以if,unless,onceif,unless,once等引导的等引导的条件状语从句和以条件状语从句和以no matter,however,even if no matter,however,even if 等词引导的让等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果步状语从句中，如果主句主句中的动词用中的动词用一般

11、将来时一般将来时，从句从句中的动词中的动词通常用通常用一般现在时或现在完成时一般现在时或现在完成时代替代替一般将来时一般将来时。What would you do if it _ tomorrow?What would you do if it _ tomorrow?We have to carry it on,since weve got everything We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.ready.（20052005年全国卷）年全国卷）A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raini

12、ngA.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining二、对一般过去时的考查二、对一般过去时的考查一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last year,last yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,

13、at that time1999,at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。I I boughtbought a a new car new car three days agothree days ago.More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine la

14、st year.study medicine last year.（20052005年上海卷）年上海卷）A.sent B.were sentA.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sentC.had sent D.had been sentnownowboughtbought三、对现在进行时的考查三、对现在进行时的考查由由上下文语境上下文语境表示时间。表示时间。1)Whats the terrible noise1)Whats the terrible noise？The neighbors _ for a The neighbors _ for a

15、partyparty（20042004年北京卷）年北京卷）A.have prepared B.are preparing A.have prepared B.are preparing C.prepare D.will prepare C.prepare D.will prepare2)Because the shop _,all the T-shirts are sold at half 2)Because the shop _,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.price.（20042004年浙江卷年浙江卷3434题）题）has closed

16、down B.closed down has closed down B.closed down C.is closing down D.had closed downC.is closing down D.had closed down3)Are you still busy?3)Are you still busy?Yes,I _ my work,and it wont take long.Yes,I _ my work,and it wont take long.A Ajust finishjust finish B.am just finishing B.am just finishi

17、ng C Chave just finished D.am just going to finishhave just finished D.am just going to finish4)Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt 4)Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money

18、.to spend the money.A.A.phone phone B.will phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoningC.were phoning D.are phoning5)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no 5)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.easy task because technology _ so rapidl

19、y.A.A.is changingis changing B.has changed B.has changedC.will have changedC.will have changed D.will change D.will change四、对过去进行时的考查四、对过去进行时的考查I I was walkingwas walking down the street when it down the street when it beganbegan to rain.to rain.When it When it beganbegan to rain to rainI I was walk

20、ingwas walkingnownow1.1.把过去进行时放在把过去进行时放在when,while,as when,while,as 等引导的时间状语从句中等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用动作时间长的用过去进行时过去进行时，表达，表达谈话背景谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达，表达新的信息新的信息。You were out when I dropped in at your house.You were out when I dropped in at your house.

21、Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.（20042004年福建卷）年福建卷）A.was waiting B.had waited A.was waiting B.had waited C.am waiting D.have waitedC.am waiting D.have waited2.2.把过去进行时放在把过去进行时放在某特定的语境某特定的语境中考查。中考查。Has Sam finished his homework today?Has

22、 Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea.He _ it this morning.I have no idea.He _ it this morning.（20042004年全国年全国卷）卷）A.did B.has done A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had doneC.was doing D.had done3.3.考查考查过去进行时过去进行时与与一般过去时一般过去时的比较。的比较。Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know Shirle

23、y _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98whether she has finished it.(98）A.has written B.wrote A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writingC.had written D.was writing五、对现在完成时的考查五、对现在完成时的考查1.现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去的动作过去的动作对对现在的影响现在的影响或表示或表示经经验。验。2.现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去的

24、动作一直延续至今并可能继过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去续下去，常与，常与for或或since等短语连用。等短语连用。I_(graduate)in1993andinthatyearI_(begin)toteachEnglishinamiddleschool.I_(teach)thereforfiveyears.Fiveyearslater,I_(move)toPinghu.I_(teach)seniorEnglishinDanghuHighSchoolfornearly9yearseversincethen.graduatedbegantaughtmovedhavetaught/haveb

25、eenteaching1993now19989 years5 years1)Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_thattheywontsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank.(2005湖北湖北)A.weredecidingB.havedecidedC.decidedD.willdecide2)Millionsofpoundsworthofdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.（2005重庆）重庆）A.hasbeencausedB.ha

26、dbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused3)Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.It_forweeks.（2004全国卷）全国卷）A.hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned注：由终止性动词注：由终止性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see等等构成的完成时不能与构成的完成时不能与for或或since引导的时间状语连用引导的时间

27、状语连用。但这些。但这些终止性动词的否定式终止性动词的否定式可可以与以与for或或since短语连用短语连用。Eg.Ihaventmethimfortwoyears.3.考查考查现在完成时现在完成时与与一般过去式一般过去式的区别：的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。在有影响。Where_therecorder?Icantseeitanywhere.（9

28、8NMET）I_itrighthere.Butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;putThe CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.1977now六、对现在完成进行时的考查六、对现在完成进行时的考查构成构成:have/hasbeen+doing概念概念:表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。到现在，并且还可能继续下

29、去。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与与现在完成时现在完成时的区别如下：的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时与现在完成进行时Ihavewrittenanarticle.Ihavebeenwritinganarticle.2.有些延续性动词，如有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Notes：表表短暂动作的动词短暂动作的动词（finish,marr

30、y,getup,come,go等）等）一般不能用现在完成进行时一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：已完成性强调：持续性，强调：持续性，未完成性未完成性1)Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy_goingbacktoschool,butshehasntdecidedyet.（2004年北京卷）年北京卷）A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider2)-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.“-Iamtired.I_thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.h

31、adpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted 七、对过去完成时态的考查七、对过去完成时态的考查过去完成时，经常过去完成时，经常以以“过去过去”为背景为背景，要想表达比这，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，常用此时，常用此时态。态。Eg.Whenwegottothetheatre,theyhadsoldallthetickets.Whatapity!hadsoldgotNow过去的过去过去的过去GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?No,I_.D

32、idtheyhaveabigwedding?（2004年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadntbeeninvitedD.didntinvite常见考点有：常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有把过去完成时放在含有when,before,after,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句的复合句等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。中考查。1)Whentheoldman_towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_itselfbehindthemountain.（2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A.started;hada

33、lreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid把过去完成时放在把过去完成时放在by+过去时间点过去时间点或或bythetime+从句（一般过去时）从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。的句子里考查。Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inBeijing.（2003年上海春）年上海春）A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted1.-Doyouwo

34、rkhere?-No,Idontreallyworkhere.I_untilthenewsecretarycomes.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout举一反三破定势举一反三破定势造成思维定式的干扰因素：造成思维定式的干扰因素：comes从现主将从现主将误选误选just完成时标志完成时标志误选误选B题眼题眼：Idontreallyworkhere暂时性工作暂时性工作正确选项正确选项CJust的多义：刚正只不过引起祈使句的多义：刚正只不过引起祈使句2.I _in London for many y

35、ears，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.(重庆卷重庆卷).A.lived B.was livingC.have lived D.had lived造成思维定势的干扰因素：造成思维定势的干扰因素：formanyyears完成时标志完成时标志误选误选C/D解题关键：解题关键：Formanyyears与现在无联系与现在无联系一般过去时一般过去时A一句辨析：一句辨析：1、现在时态高考题点击：1.-Can I help you,sir?-Yes,I bought this radio here yester

36、day,but it _.(96 N)A.didnt work B.wont work C.cant workD.doesnt work2.I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.(2001 N)A.will play B.have playedC.playedD.playDD说明说明：本题的干扰源为 bought yesterday，虽然是昨天买的，但强调的是现在不响了，所以要用现在时。选项B为次选项。说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一

37、般现在时。3.E-mail,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(99 上海)A.is playing B.have played C.are playingD.play4.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(2001 N)A.is changingB.has changed C.will have changedD.will change说明说明：E-mai

38、l 正在正在日常通讯中起着重要的作用，故需用现在进行时；而 E-mail 是主语，动词应该用单数。说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。AA5.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.(94 N)-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.wasD.will be6.-You havent been to Beijing,have you?-_.How I wis

39、h to go there!(98 N)A.Yes,I haveB.Yes,I havent C.No,I haveD.No,I havent说明说明：现在完成时用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。结果和影响。我是几分钟前到的，可现在仍在这儿。一般过去时仅表示过去曾到过这儿，不表示现在还在这儿，所以与本句意思无关。说明说明：从补充的句子“How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。AD7.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.(98 N)A.

40、paintedB.had painted C.have been paintingD.have painted8.I wonder why Jenny _ us recently.We should have heard from her by now.(N2002)A.hasnt writtenB.doesnt write C.wont writeD.hadnt write说明说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。说明说明：recently

41、 一般都与现在完成时连用；从后句“我们本该收到她的信了”可知，她最近没来过信。CA用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first/second time.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.注意比较注意比较 Its time that 结构：结构：It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the that结构，

42、that 从句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题典型例题(1)-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming (2)-Have you _ been to our town before?-No,its the first time

43、 I _ here.A.even,come B.even,have come C.ever,come D.ever,have come 注意注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.BD2、过去时、过去时高考题点击：高考题点击：1.-Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she _!(98 N)A.promises B.promised

44、C.will promise D.had promised2.My uncle _ until he was forty-five.(2000 上海)A.marriedB.didnt marry C.was not marryingD.would marry说明说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。说明说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。BB3.-You havent said a

45、word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?(N2002)-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty on you.A.wasnt sayingB.dont sayC.wont sayD.didnt say说明说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。D4.As she _ the newsp

46、aper,Granny _ asleep.(95 N)A.read was fallingB.was reading fell C.was reading was fallingD.read fell5.-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.(97 N)A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。说明说明：was going to do

47、sth.表示过去打算做某事；would do 表示过去愿意做某事。从后句可看出家里来了不速之客，所以没有来，故不可能选D。BC6.-Hey,look where you are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.(99 N)A.Im not noticingB.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticedD.I dont notice 7.-Excuse me,Sir.Would you do me a favor?-Of course.What is it?(02 北京)-I _ if you could tell me how to fi

48、ll out this form.A.had wonderedB.was wondering C.would wonderD.did wonder说明说明：该题的干扰源来自 where you are going，不少人误以为是现在时了。其实很明显该动作是讲话前的事。说明说明：本句所表达的意思很明显，要问的问题是在此之前一直在思考的事情，故该用过去进行时。BB8.The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.(02 北京)A.had

49、cried,lostB.cried,had lost C.has cried,has lostD.cries,has lost 9.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.(96 N)A.has left comesB.left had come C.had left cameD.had left would come说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明说明：丢钥匙发生在前，等人发生在后；unti

50、l 引导的是时间状语从句，不能用将来时，所以只有C项可用。BC10.He _ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.(99 上海)A.has no sooner gotB.no sooner got C.will no sooner getD.had no sooner got11.John and I _ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _ each other a couple of times b