2020中考英语复习课件：题型三-阅读理解(共80张PPT).pptx

1、2020中考英语复习课件：题型三-阅读理解(共80张PPT)-2-【命题特点】阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务,也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意,获取其中的主要信息,能做出正确判断,然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同,要求阅读速度为每分钟4050个词。中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则:1.阅读文章不少于三篇,阅读量在1 000个单词左右;2.题材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等;3.体裁多样,包括记叙文、说

2、明文、应用文等。-3-【考查原则】1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系;3.能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;4.能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料;5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。-4-【命题原则】1.考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求通过阅读短文,运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识,根据自己的理解,掌握所读材料的主旨和大意,以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和情节,能回答短文后面所给的问题;2.要求学生既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念;既理解文章的表层意思,也理解文章的深层含义,包括

3、作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”;3.要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并据此进行推理和判断;4.要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解,也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。-5-【命题角度】1.从文章的个别词或句子入手;2.从文章的某些细节或情节入手;3.从文章的主题入手;4.从文章的背景知识入手;5.从文章的结论或结局入手;6.从文章内涵的隐义或寓意等入手。-6-【满分突破】一、答题“四法”1.初读全文(1)该题属于“语篇理解”题型。一般宜先通读全文,初步了解短文整体框架、大意及作者意向,并在抓住主要信息及各段中心内容的同时,标出有疑问或重要的地方。(2)也可以先扫读文章后的理解

4、题目,明确要求,便于快速阅读全文时留意或抓住重要材料及关键词语。2.再读全文目的是加深对整体的把握及对文章各段中心内容的理解,进一步思考并初步弄清或解决第一遍阅读时发现的疑问。-7-3.细读试答在认真研读题目(“题干”和“选项”)、明确答题要求的基础上,再细读短文有关部分以便决定答案。这一步至关重要,既要细致,又要在整体把握的层面上上下照应、前后联系。一般说来,试题的先后次序与短文所述内容的次序是一致的,因而答题应按试题的次序逐个去做。答题原则应是先易后难,留下难题个别对待。4.复读核查试答完各题之后,再读一遍短文,瞻前顾后地逐一核对答案。在这一步,应充分利用和注意各题间的相互关联或对应,要着

5、力抓住其中统带整篇的关键题目。关键题目正确与否会引起连锁反应。因此,切莫忽视这一点。-8-二、破题“七招”1.审视标题,抓住中心试题中有的文章有标题,有的没有,拟题人是有所考虑的,画龙点睛,龙就活了。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象,想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解,能提高做题的效率。2.浏览全文,掌握全貌如果时间紧,至少要快速通读全文,尤其是首尾两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来,这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。-9-3.细读题目,抓住要点细读文后题目的目的在于审视这些题目是针对什么提出的。若文章短可先读短文,后看文后题目;若文章长,为了能迅速抓住要点,可以颠倒过来,先

6、浏览题目,然后再读文章,这样就可以带着问题去读文章,能加深对要点的理解。4.细读文章,掌握细节这次应细品,不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即五个W:who,what,when,where,why)划出来。经过这样的处理,你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹,对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。-10-5.理解大意,初选答案一般短文都设有五个题目,对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目,应再查阅原文,但绝不是简单重读,应找出依据,把所选答案代入文中,再确定正误。在选择答案时,对文章和选择题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思,切忌望文

7、生义,作出错误的判断。6.复读全文,核对答案要用全文的主题思想统率各思考题,研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些未获解答的题,对照题目,推测判断,确保理解无误。-11-7.瞻前顾后,首尾突破对具体问题不要局限于一词一事,而应从短文整体考虑,从主线向外扩展,打开思路,前后对照。这样,可减少“钻牛角尖”和“繁琐分析”。而且,在中考试题中,即使是事实和细节题,也是“围绕或用以说明主旨和大意”的。大多数短文,尤其是新闻报道或议论文的第一段,或每段的第一句,常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点;而结尾部分常是结局或结论。寓言或幽默文字的结尾也往往是点睛之笔或值得玩味之处。因此,抓住首尾往往抓住了主要矛

8、盾,主要矛盾解决了,次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。-12-考点1依据事实,把握细节理解要“带着问题找答案”,先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句,仔细品味,对照比较确定答案。有时需要变通理解,间接转述寻找答案。【典例】(2018福建中考A卷)Many Chinese people will wonder what presents to get for their moms on Mothers Day,but not many know Mothers Day is actually a festival from overs

9、eas.Mothers Day originated(起源)in America during the early 20th century.The festival spread to China as early as the 1980s and was widely accepted.-13-Why did a foreign festival become popular in China?In fact,Chinese traditional culture has always encouraged filial(孝顺的)devotion to parents.There are

10、many stories which show filial respect in ancient China.For example,the story of“Taste Liquid(液体的)Medicine for Mother”tells us the filial virtue(美德)of Emperor Wen of the Western Han dynasty.His mother had been sick for three years.He often stayed up by her bedside and cared for her day and night.He

11、tasted the liquid medicine first before she drank it.Also,mother love is a repeated subject in Chinese ancient poems,like“Song of the Parting Son”by Meng Jiao,a poet of the Tang dynasty.Now this poem is still a must in the school textbooks.Children in China are brought up with the education of filia

12、l devotion.-14-63.Mothers Day is popular in China mainly because of.A.its wide spread in many countriesB.our ancient stories of respecting parentsC.our traditional cultural valuesD.its simple way of expressing love【点拨】细节理解题。根据第三段前两句Why did a foreign festival become popular in China?In fact,Chinese t

13、raditional culture has always encouraged filial devotion to parents.可以得出:母亲节在中国受欢迎的原因是中国的传统文化价值决定的。故选C。-15-考点2关注数字,准确数字推算 数字推算题通常涉及的信息是时间、年龄、价格,试题中一般包含两个或多个数字信息,有时它们的位置比较分散,需要注意这些数字之间的关系,找出有效的数字信息,剔除无效信息。有时只需要准确理解相关数字信息并进行简单的加减乘除等运算便可得出答案。-16-【典例】(2018江西中考)63.How long is the National Gallery open on

14、 Wednesday?A.4 hours.B.8 hours.C.7 hours.D.11 hours.-17-【点拨】数字计算题。题干意为:国家美术馆星期三开放多长时间?根据第二个表格中Opening Times:Daily 10 am7 pm,Wednesday until 9 pm可知,国家美术馆星期三开放21:00-10:00=11个小时。故选D。-18-考点3利用已知,轻松猜测词义 阅读理解中的猜测词义题,需要巧用构词法,可以从前缀或后缀入手,也可以从合成词入手。妙用阐述法,短文对单词的进一步阐述中暗含的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。同时也要注意不要脱离上下文的语境,要借助上下文对需

15、要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测,不要断章取义。【典例】(2018自贡中考)A friend wrote me a letter a few weeks ago.He felt hopeless at the time.He ended his letter with this question,“We cant really change this crazy world we live in,can we?”I replied to him and started my own letter with these words,“Yes,we most certainly can!”-19

16、-I can still remember someone who changed my world.She was a music teacher at my primary school.She was good at playing the guitar.I wanted to impress her.However,I didnt know how to play any instruments.One day,she let me try playing her guitar.I did my best,but could only stumble along.When I was

17、done,I put my head down.“I guess I am not very good.”I told her.She looked at me with her kind eyes,smiled at me and said,“We are all good at something.You just need to find out what you are good at.Then,you can share it with the world.”-20-Those simple words changed me.They planted a seed(种子)in my

18、soul that continues to grow to this day.They made me realize that I had something good inside me.I just had to find it and share it.Can you change the world?Yes,you can!You can change it through one choice,one person,or one kind act at a time.All you have to do is share your goodness.Mother Teresa o

19、nce said,“God doesnt ask us to do great things,only small things with great love.”So make your love great!-21-57.What do the underlined words“stumble along”mean in Chinese according to the passage?A.蹒跚前行B.使劲按压 C.断断续续弹奏【点拨】词义猜测题。题干意为:根据短文,画线的单词“stumble along”的汉语意思是什么?根据第二段最后一句“However,I didnt know ho

20、w to play any instruments.”(然而,我不知道怎么演奏乐器)和第三段第四句中“I guess I am not very good.”可以推测作者演奏得断断续续的。故选C。-22-考点4品鉴信息,合理推理判断 推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,进行判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层含义。一定要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。【典例】(2018扬州中考)I saved the grain carefully and finally had enough to plant.I built a wall around my garden to keep t

21、he wild goats away.Then when my crop bore its fruit,the birds discovered it.The birds were not afraid of my dog at all.I shot them but as soon as I walked away,they returned.At last,I killed some birds and hung them among the crop,hoping they would serve as the scarecrows,which turned out to be succ

22、essful.By harvest time,I had nearly two bushels of rice and two and a half bushels of wheat.-23-With my new grain to store,I found a new problem.The fine grain ran through my baskets.It took me nearly two months to form and dry two ugly potsone for rice and one for wheat.Next I formed a clay oven an

23、d made some other tools from hard wood and cloth to bake bread.I made and baked bread in my oven.I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking.Soon after that,I began to think of my days sailing in a tidy boat with Xury.I wished to have a boat and explore the island by sea.I tried to tu

24、rn over the ships boat that I had seen washed up,but failed.I was still determined to have a boat.So I chose a strong tree and spent weeks cutting it down.Then it took me months to turn it from tree to boat.-24-When it was time to launch,I realized I had made my boat too far from the nearest stream.

25、The boat was far too heavy for me to move.I tried bringing the water to the boat instead of the boat to the water.I soon saw it would take me twenty years of constant labor.I celebrated my fourth year on the island with two boats,but I was no closer to a sea journey.Taken from The Adventures of Robi

26、nson Crusoe-25-37.What can we infer(推断)from the passage?A.I managed to turn over the ships boat.B.I spent months bringing the boat to the nearest stream.C.I tried to solve the problems with my courage and wisdom.D.I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking.【点拨】选C。推理判断题。A.我设法把船翻过来了;B.

27、我花了好几个月把船开到最近的小溪;C.我试图用我的勇气和智慧来解决这些问题;D.我在岛上的第三年把时间花在农业和烘烤方面。综合文意,可知该节选主要讲述鲁滨孙是如何利用自己的智慧和勇气克服重重困难,在岛上度过第三年、第四年的。故选C。-26-考点5细读主题句,锁定主旨大意寻找主题句多采用浏览法。主题句有可能在一段的开头、中间或结尾。在很多情况下,主题句如果在段首,其后有可能有for example,first,second等信息。如果在段末,其前可能有above all,all in all,in a word等信息词。【典例】(2018扬州中考)Think of the animal worl

28、d,and a group of colorful wild animals will spring to mind:a parrots rainbow feathers or the showy scales of sea fish.But,many mammals(哺乳动物)on the planet come in only two colors:black and white.Spend some time exploring what science has discovered about these animals appearances,and youll see that b

29、asic black and white isnt so basic at all.-27-28-29-33.Which could be the best title of the passage?A.Why Animal Stripes Come in Different ShapesB.Why So Many Animals Wear Black-and-White CoatsC.How Wild Animals Protect Themselves from EnemiesD.How Black and White Become Basic Colors in Animal World

30、【点拨】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要通过具体事例说明,野生动物是怎样利用颜色(基本的黑白)来保护它们自己免受伤害的。故选B。-30-考点6配对阅读左栏是对中国传统文化感兴确的五位外国学生的描述,右栏是中国行统文化活动的简介,请为左栏的每位学生选择一个合适的活动。66.Lisa becomes interested in traditional Chinese painting and she wants to learn how to paint bamboo in ink.67.Alan is from India.He is studying Chinese history.He has l

31、earned a lot about the four great inventions of ancient China.68.Sam is an Australian boy living in Beijing.He takes great interest in traditional Chinese opera(a musical play).He hopes to take a class of the local opera.-31-69.Mary likes classic(经典的)Chinese works.She has read the one about Monkey K

32、ing since she came to China.70.Susan loves Chinese paper cutting.She wants to make a Chinese“Fu”to put up on her window this Spring Festival.-32-A.In this weekends story-telling time,youll hear plenty of stories about Chinese traditions,for example,why people put up the Chinese“Fu”upside down on the

33、 door or window.B.Beijing Opera is a form of traditional art in China.Our club is set up for fans and welcomes you to join us.We have invited some famous local actors to give acting classes.C.Paper cutting sounds simple but is difficult to do.Bring red paper and learn the making of paper cutting.You

34、 can take home the paper cutting you make in class.D.We will hold a competition on the four great inventions of ancient China next month.The first round will be a written test.The next round will be a short speech in Chinese.-33-E.A show of traditional Chinese ink paintings will be held in the Art M

35、useum this weekend.Many works of animals by famous artists will be on show.F.A discussion will be held in our reading chub this weekend.The topic is about Journey to the West,one of the four great classic Chinese works.G.Traditional Chinese painting is a form of fine arts in Chinese culture.In our t

36、raining class,Mr.Sun will teach you how to paint bamboo with brushes and ink step by step.-34-66.G细节理解题。由左栏本题中“.she wants to learn how to paint bamboo in ink.”可知,Lisa应该选择教画竹子的文化活动。根据右栏G项中“In our training class,Mr.Sun will teach you how to paint bamboo.”可知G项正确。67.D细节理解题。由左栏本题中“He has learned a lot ab

37、out the four great inventions of ancient China.”可知,Alan应选择与古代中国四大发明有关的文化活动。根据右栏D项中“We will hold a competition on the four great inventions of ancient China next month.”可知选D。68.B细节理解题。由左栏本题中“He hopes to take a class of the local opera.”可知,Sam应选择与地方戏有关的文化活动。根据右栏B项中“We have invited some famous local ac

38、tors to give acting classes.”可知选B。-35-69.F细节理解题。由左栏本题中“Mary likes classic Chinese works.”可知,Mary应选择与中国古典名著有关的文化活动。根据右栏F项中“The topic is about Journey to the West,one of the four great classic Chinese works.”可知F项正确。70.C细节理解题。由左栏本题中“Susan loves Chinese paper cutting.”可知,Susan应选择与剪纸有关的文化活动。根据右栏C项中“Bring

39、 red paper and learn the making of paper cutting.”可知选C。-36-(一)阅读A、B两篇短文,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。A-37-38-39-40-41-()1.Kris Wu can speak the following languages except.A.CantoneseB.MandarinC.EnglishD.Japanese()2.From the passage we know that Kris Wu likes playing.A.basketballB.footballC.pin

40、g-pongD.volleyball()3.Lay grew up in the city of China.A.GuangzhouB.ChangshaC.ShanghaiD.BeijingD A B-42-()4.Lay was years old when he joined EXO.A.18B.19C.20D.21()5.The same thing about Lay and Kris Wu is that.A.they can speak many foreign languagesB.they are members of the boy band EXOC.they are bo

41、th from South KoreaD.they attended high school in VancouverC B-43-BWhat is time?Is it a thing to be saved or spent or wasted,like money?Or is it something we have no control over,like the weather?Is time the same all over the world?Thats an easy question,you say.Wherever you go,a minute is 60 second

42、s,an hour is 60 minutes,a day is 24 hours,and so forth.Well,maybe.But in America,time is more than that.Americans see time as a valuable resource.Maybe thats why they are fond of the expression,“Time is money.”-44-To Americans,punctuality is a way of showing respect for other peoples time.Being more

43、 than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology,and maybe an explanation.People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay.Of course,the less formal the situation,the less important it is to be exactly on time.At informal get-togethers,for example,peop

44、le often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time.But they usually dont try that at work.-45-American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others.When people plan an event,they often set the time days or weeks in advance.Once the time is fixed,it takes almost an emergency

45、to change it.If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit,they will usually call first to make sure it is suitable.Only very close friends will just“drop by”unannounced.Also,people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they might be in bed.The time may vary,but most folks think

46、 twice about calling after 10:00 p.m.-46-()6.Why are the Americans fond of the expression“Time is money.”?A.Because they cant control time.B.Because it is the same all over the world.C.Because they consider time as a thing like money.D.Because they consider time as a valuable resource.()7.In America

47、,if you are more than 10 minutes late to an appointment,.A.it doesnt matterB.it is necessary for you to make an apologyC.you neednt say anything about your delayD.you neednt call ahead to let others know you will be lateD B-47-()8.What does the last paragraph mainly discuss?A.The reasons why America

48、ns value time.B.The ways to show their respect to the time of others.C.Being on time is highly valued in the USA.D.Never drop in on others unless you are their close friends.()9.We can infer that.A.you mustnt be on time when you attend an informal get-togetherB.you cant change the time of an appoint

49、ment once you fix itC.Americans never call up others after 10 p.m.D.Americans think highly of punctuality at workB D-48-()10.The main idea of the passage is.A.that Americans value punctualityB.that in the USA time is limited and valuableC.the Americans attitude towards timeD.the Americans control ov

50、er timeC-49-C阅读下面材料,左栏是五个人的计划,右栏是七个活动的安排,请为每个人选择最合适的一项安排。()11.Mark is a unviersity student who wants to take a holiday this summer,but he doesnt have much money.He is dreaming of going to France.()12.Kevin is a busy company manager who needs a rest,but he does not have much time for a holiday.He is