Unit 1Honesty and responsibility 词汇教学Words in Reading （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Honesty and responsibility Words Reading 1.barely.adv.刚好刚好;仅仅仅仅;勉强才能勉强才能;几乎不几乎不;刚才刚才1.Mary had barely enough money to live on.玛丽的钱只够勉强度日。2.The Boeing 767 had barely taxied to a halt before its doors were flung open.这架波音767刚刚停住，它的舱门就弹开了。3.Barely had the bulldozers started when Museum o

2、f London archaeologists swooped.推土机刚一启动，伦敦博物馆的考古学家们就蜂拥 而至了。4.she nodded,barely able to speak.她点点头,几乎说不出话来bare.adj.赤裸的；裸体的；无遮蔽的；空的赤裸的；裸体的；无遮蔽的；空的;荒芜的荒芜的;树木光秃秃的树木光秃秃的:Dont walk around outside in your _feet.Their _ furnished house is located in the center of our city.聚会才刚开始，警察就来了。_ _the party started _

3、 the police arrived.bare barely陈设简陋的房子陈设简陋的房子Barelyhadwhen2.appointment.n.约会，约定约会，约定;任命任命 make an appointment with sb.与预约 have/make an appointment to do sth 做某事的约定 book an appointment BrE 预约 schedule an appointment(=make an appointment)预约 cancel an appointment 取消约会 miss an appointment 错过约会 keep an a

4、ppointment 守约 by appointment 根据预先约定appoint.vt.任命任命,委派（工作，角色）委派（工作，角色）;约定（时间，地点）约定（时间，地点）She has an appointment with a client at 10.30.她十点半约了客户。Id like to make an _ with Doctor Evans.我要预约埃文斯医生的门诊。She had to cancel her dental appointment.她不得不取消去看牙医的预约。House for sale,two bedrooms.Viewing by appointment

5、 only.两房房子出售，看房请务必预约。They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman.他们祝贺他被任命当了主席。She has been _ to the board.appointedappointment3.tear down.拆下拆下;拆除（破旧东西等）拆除（破旧东西等）1.They _ the old building and built a new one.他们拆除了旧楼，盖起了新楼。2.We shall have to tear the engine down completely and oil every part

6、.我们得将发动机全部拆开，给每个部件上油。3.The church had been so badly damaged that it had to _ and rebuilt.be torn downtore down4.keen.adj.热心的热心的,热切的热切的,渴望的渴望的;热情的热情的;强烈的，强烈的，be keen to do sth 渴望做某事渴望做某事 keen on doing sth 热衷于做某事热衷于做某事 be keen on sb/sth 喜欢喜欢；对；对有兴趣有兴趣 be keen for sth to do 渴望渴望/想做某事想做某事 be keen that 渴

7、望渴望 He told me that he was keen to help.他告诉我说他很想帮忙。I wasnt keen on going there on my own.我不想一个人去那里。Daniels very keen on tennis.丹尼尔对网球有强烈的兴趣。The government is keen for peace talks to start again.该政府渴望重启和平会谈。The chairman is keen that the company should expand its product range.主席热切期望公司能够扩充其产品种类。She li

8、kes Biology,but shes not too keen on Physics.她喜欢生物学，但不大喜欢物理。5.jaw.n./vi.下巴，颌下巴，颌 He punched him on the jaw.他一拳打在他的下巴上。Youre not serious,are you?Ellens jaw dropped.“你不是认真的吧？”埃伦惊讶地张大了嘴。Shes got a very determined jaw.她一脸坚毅。She had saved him from the jaws of death.她把他从鬼门关救了回来。Stop jawing and let me get

9、on with the work!别废话了，让我继续干活！6.scar.n.伤疤；（精神上的）创伤；污点 He had a long,curved scar on his right cheek.他的右脸上有一道弯弯的长疤。Her mental scars will take time to heal.她的精神创伤需要时间来治愈。She was scarred by her fathers suicide.父亲的自杀使她心理受到创伤。 a diamond ring/necklace 钻戒钻石项炼 Shall I wear the diamonds or the pearls with this

10、 dress?我到底是戴钻石还是珍珠来配这件礼服好呢？8.make ones fortune.发财发财 He made his fortune in car sales.他靠卖车发了财。You can make a fortune out of junk if you call it antiques.把破烂叫做“古董”，就可以从中发一笔财。9.lose contact.失去联系失去联系 I was friendly with many people at college,but Ive lost contact with most of them now.我上大学时有许多朋友，但现在我已和大

11、多数人失去了联络。be/get/stay/keep in contact(with sb)保持联系 make contact with取得联系10.reliable.adj.可信赖的；可靠的；真实可信的 Is your watch reliable?你的表准吗？Miller was a quiet and reliable man.米勒是个话不多且可靠的人。Its very difficult to give a reliable estimate.要给出可靠的估计非常困难。拓展拓展：rely.v.reliably.adv.reliability.n.unreliable.adj.同义同义：d

12、ependable.The bus service is _,so we have to ride our bikes.His illness had never been_ diagnosed.他的病从来就没有被确诊过。It is important to assess the _ of the data.资料的可靠性评定是非常重要的。Many working women _ on relatives to help take care of their children.许多职业妇女都靠亲属来帮助她们照看孩子。Gideon is very _ if he says hell do some

13、thing,hell do it.unreliable reliablyreliabilityrelyreliable11.worthwhile.adj.有价值的;令人愉快的;值得花 费时间（或金钱、精力）的 it is worthwhile to do sth it is worthwhile doing sth She considers teaching a worthwhile career.她把教书看成是一项值得从事的事业。I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter.我认为有必要澄清事实。It wasnt worthwhile

14、continuing with the project.继续这个项目很不值得。The Presidents trip to Washington this week seems to have been worthwhile.总统本周的华盛顿之行看来是有价值的。worth、worthy 和 worthwhile 一、从句法功能上看一、从句法功能上看worth 通常只用作表语只用作表语，不用于不用于名词前作定语作定语；worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表语和定语表语和定语。如：It isnt worth the trouble.不值得费那个事。He is a worthy gentl

15、eman.他是位值得尊敬的绅士。His behavior is worthy of great praise.他的行为值得高度赞扬。They achieved a very worthwhile result.他们取得了很有价值 的成果。We had a long wait,but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.我们等了很久，但还算值得，因为我们把票买到了。二、从所使用的修饰语来看二、从所使用的修饰语来看 worth 习惯上不用 very 修饰(要表示类似意思可用 well)，worthy 和 worthwhile 则可以用副词ver

16、y修饰。如：That is very worthy of our attention.那件事很值得我们注意。Nursing is a very worthwhile career.护理工作是很值得干的职业。但习惯上不说不说：The work is very worth doing.(very 应改为 well)三、从搭配习惯来看三、从搭配习惯来看1.有关有关 be worth 的搭配习惯的搭配习惯(1)be worth后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词。后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词。如：The picture is worth$500.这幅画值500 美元。What is worth doing i

17、s worth doing well.注意：其后可接动名词，不能接不定式，且接动名词时，总是 用主动形式表示被动意义。(2)在现代英语中，在be worth前使用形式主语it被认为是合习惯的。如：It isnt worth repairing the car.这辆汽车不值得修了。但是，若不用形式主语it而直接用动名词作主语则是错误的，如：误：Repairing the car is worth.(3)在在be worth doing 结构中结构中，除非句首用了形式主语it，否则句子主语总应是其动名词的逻辑宾语；若其中的动词不及物，应考虑加上适当的介词。如：Nothing he said was

18、 worth listening to.Shes not worth getting angry with.犯不上跟她生气。2.有关有关 be worthy 的搭配习惯。的搭配习惯。(1)be worthy 后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，若要接，应借助介词应借助介词 of。如：Their efforts are worthy of your support.Her behavior is worthy of praise.(2)be worthy后不能直接不能直接接动名词，而接不定式接不定式(若该不定式要表示被动意义，则应用被动被动形式)。如：He is worthy to receive

19、such honor.This suggestion is worthy to be considered.这个建议值得考虑。(3)若要在若要在be worthy后接动名词后接动名词，与后接名词时的情形一样，应借助介词of，且该动名词若要表示被动意义，要用被动形式。如：He is worthy of filling the post.This suggestion is worthy of being considered=to be considered.这个建议值得考虑。3.有关有关 be worthwhile 的搭配习惯的搭配习惯的搭配习惯的搭配习惯(1)be worthwhile 后接

20、动名词或不定式均可接动名词或不定式均可。如：It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.这本词典值得买。(其中的 worthwhile 也可换成 worth)It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again.这个计划值得再讨论一次。(worthwhile 不能换成 worth，因为其后接用了不定式)(2)有时可将有时可将worthwhile分开写分开写，此时也可在其中加上ones。如：Id think it worth while to go.我认为值得去。It is worth your while visiting to

21、 visit the museum.这个博物馆值得你去看看。按传统语法，It is worth(ones)while to do sth doing sth 结构 必须用it作形式主语，其中的不定式或动名词做句子的真正 主语。那个地方值得一去。正：_.正：_.正：_ 正：_ 正：_ 正：_ 正：_.正：_The place is worth a visit.The place is worthy of a visit.The place is worth visiting.It is worth visiting the place.The place is worthy of being v

22、isited.The place is worthy to be visited.It is worthwhile visiting the place.It is worthwhile to visit the place.拓展：拓展：be worth doing Its worth+n/pron/doing be worthy of+n be worthy of+being done be worthy to be done12.bless.vt.为祈神赐福;祝福；用在表示惊奇、亲爱、感激等的用语中 Hes always willing to help.Bless him!他一向乐于助人，

23、愿上帝保佑他！Jess made this card for me.Bless!“杰斯给我做了这张卡。”“真不错！”May God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。Were both blessed with good health.我们俩都有福气，身体很好。Bless my soul,Alan,what are you doing?.我的天哪!艾伦，你在干什么?。Bless you!长命百岁！在别人打喷嚏时说的话长命百岁！在别人打喷嚏时说的话 Bless(him/her etc)愿上帝保佑（他愿上帝保佑（他/她等）她等）13.inch.n.英寸英寸;很短的距离很短的距离,少量；少量；一点一

24、点地一点一点地 Twelve inches are equal to one foot.12英寸等于1英尺。The curtains were an inch too short.窗帘短了一英寸。Derek leaned closer,his face only inches from hers.德里克靠得更近了，他的脸和她的近在咫尺。The bus missed us by inches.公共汽车差一点差一点就撞着我们了。Inch by inch,he lowered himself from the roof.他慢慢地从屋顶上下来。一点一点地一点一点地14.arm in arm.挽臂而行挽

25、臂而行 They walked down the street arm in arm.他们挽着臂沿街走去。hand in hand 手挽手手挽手 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩肩并肩=side by side face to face 面对面面对面 mouth to mouth.口对口对口口15.outline.vt.略述，概括略述，概括;勾勒，描画勾勒，描画.的轮廓的轮廓 n.纲要纲要,梗概梗概,要点要点;轮廓轮廓线线;略图略图;外形外形 She drew the outline of the boat and then coloured it in.她画了这只船的草图，然

26、后给它着色。The mountain was visible only in outline as the light faded.光线暗了下来，只能看见山的轮廓。If you read the minutes of the meeting,theyll give you a broad outline of what was discussed.如果你看了会议记录，就会知道讨论的大概内容。Some novelists start by writing an outline.有些小说家创作时会先写提纲。At the interview she outlined what I would be

27、doing.面试时，她简要介绍了我将要从事的工作。15.suspect./sspekt/v.怀疑，猜想,认为（某事有可能）怀疑有罪，/ss.pekt/n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象 adj.不可信的，可疑的-物suspected that.She strongly suspected that he was lying to her.她非常怀疑他在对她撒谎。Shes not going to be very happy about this,I suspect.我想对于此事她不会太高兴的。suspect sb of(doing)sth 1.Hes suspected of murder.他涉嫌谋杀。2.

28、Pilcher was suspected of giving away government secrets to the enemy.皮尔彻被怀疑向敌人透露政府机密。suspicious-人 Three suspected terrorists have been arrested.三名嫌疑恐怖分子已经被捕。The prime suspect in the case committed suicide.这宗案件的主要嫌疑人自杀了。The study was carried out with such a small sample that its results are suspect.这

29、项研究选取的样本这么少，因此结果并不可靠。16.arrest.vt&n.逮捕、拘捕 Her father was arrested for fraud.她父亲因诈骗被逮捕。He was arrested on suspicion of supplying drugs.他涉嫌提供毒品而遭逮捕。The police made several arrests.警方逮捕了好几个人。She was stopped outside the shop and placed/put under arrest.她在商店外被截获逮捕。A man is under arrest following the susp

30、icious death of his wife.一名男子因妻子离奇死亡被警方拘捕。16.wire.vt.给.接上电线;接通电源;给.打电报 n.金属丝；金属线;电线；导线 Someone had cut the telephone wires.有人切断了电话线。copper wire 铜丝 All the rooms have been wired for cable TV.所有房间都已布好有线电视线路。He wired the chairman immediately.他马上给主席发了电报。17.criminal.n.罪犯罪犯 adj.犯罪的犯罪的,犯法的犯法的;与犯罪有关的与犯罪有关的;

31、刑事的刑事的;糟糕的糟糕的；不道德的不道德的 Experts cannot agree on the causes of criminal behaviour.专家对犯罪行为的起因不能取得一致意见。The police are investigating the matter,and he may face criminal charges.警方正在调查此案，他可能面临刑事诉讼刑事诉讼。Its criminal to charge so much for a book.一本书要这么高的价钱，真是太不应该太不应该了。crime.n.罪，罪行罪，罪行 He has admitted committ

32、ing several _,including two murders.These men are dangerous _.crimescriminals18.anyhow.adv.无论如何;不过,总之；尽管；而且；随便地 The scandal could damage her reputation but the press reported it anyhow.这宗丑闻可能损害她的名声，不过不过报纸还是给登了出来。I think theyre asleep;anyhow,theyre quiet.我想他们睡着了；不管怎样他们很安静 It sounds crazy,but I believ

33、e it anyhow.它听起来像疯话，然而我相信 The cupboard would hardly close,with all the shoes thrown in anyhow.柜子乱塞了许多鞋，几乎关不上了。Anyhow,I mustn t keep you from your work.总之，我不能阻止你工作。anyway19.innocent.adj.（人）无罪的，天真的，无辜的；（人）无罪的，天真的，无辜的；（事物）无恶意的（事物）无恶意的 n.无辜的人无辜的人;不谙世事者不谙世事者,单纯的人单纯的人 Nobody would believe that I was innoc

34、ent.没人肯相信我是清白的 He is innocent of murder.他没犯杀人罪。The court found him innocent and he was released.法庭判他无罪，他被释放了。I was thirteen years old and very innocent.我那时十三岁，非常单纯无知。He was startled by their angry reaction to his innocent remark.他们对他那毫无恶意的话如此愤怒，使他大为惊讶。innocently adv.故作天真地;佯装无知地innocence.u.n.清白，无罪;天真

35、，无邪，纯真 I caught Chrissies eye,but she only smiled back at me innocently.我与克丽茜对视了一眼,但她只是一脸天真地对我微笑。Any chance youd be heading out that way again,soon?I asked innocently.“你很快会再往那边去吗?”我故作不知地问道。Can you prove your innocence?你能证明自己无罪吗？Youngsters are losing their childhood innocence too quickly.青少年正过早地失去他们童

36、年的纯真。20.legal.adj.法律的,法律上的,法律方面的;合法的，符合法律的 What the company has done is perfectly legal.公司所做的这一切完全是合法的。He had twice the legal limit of alcohol in his bloodstream.他血液中的酒精含量是法定限度的两倍。I sought legal advice on this.我就此进行了法律咨询。legally.adv 合法地 illegal.adj.不合法的 illegally.adv.不合法地 Children under sixteen are

37、not _allowed to buy cigarettes.It is _ to drive a car that is not taxed and insured.The factory was fined because it saved _on material and laborlegallyillegalillegally 21.principle.n.原理;原则;道德准则;信条 The country is run on socialist principles.这个国家推行社会主义制度。The project worked on the principle that each

38、persons experience was equally valuable.这个项目的基本原则是，每一个人的经验都同样宝贵。In principle,the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler.从理论上说从理论上说，这个新的软件应该能使财务系统方便很多。Anyway,I cant cheat him-its against all my principles.无论如何，我不能欺骗他这有悖于我做人的原则。22.decent.adj.正派的;符合礼节的;得体的,适当的 I thought he was a decent sort of person.我认为他是个正派人物。Paul visited the local bars more frequently than was decent for a senior lecturer.保罗过于频繁地光顾当地酒吧，不太合乎高级讲师的身份。He should do the decent thing and resign.他应该识时务地辞职。do the decent thing 做有体面的事