Unit 4 Grammar and usage（II）（ppt课件） -2022新牛津译林版《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 4 Exploring poetryGrammar and usageOverview of to-infinitives,verb-ing and verb-ed forms非谓语非谓语作定语作定语?To do To do 作作定语定语 Is this the best way to help him?Your wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.不定式不定式作作 通常通常放在其修饰放在其修饰的名词或的名词或代词代词 。之后之后定语定语?不定式作不定式作定语时，定语时，to to 后所后所接的接的动词动词与与被修饰的名词被修饰的

2、名词或代词之间是或代词之间是主谓关系主谓关系、动宾关系动宾关系、同位关系同位关系。To do To do 作作定语定语?1主谓关系主谓关系(subject-verb)She is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.她总是第一个来最后一个走。She was the best woman to do the job.她是做这份工作的最佳人选。这种情况，被修饰这种情况，被修饰的名词或代词前常的名词或代词前常有有序数词序数词、the only、最高级或最高级或no,all,any等修饰限等修饰限定。定。To do To

3、do 作作定语定语2动宾关系动宾关系(verb-object)若不定式若不定式动词动词为为不及物动词不及物动词，则该动词必须与，则该动词必须与介词介词连用，连用，组成及物的动词短语。组成及物的动词短语。The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.老师给我们留了很多要解答的题。Please give me something to drink.请给我点喝的。He needs a new house to live in.他需要一个新房子住。注：To do 常表示常表示将来将来02!不定式作定语不定式作定语当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是当作定

4、语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用用主动语态主动语态，也可用，也可用被动语态被动语态，但其含义有，但其含义有所不同。所不同。Do you have anything to send?Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么东西要寄吗?表达的意思是你自己亲自去寄，send 用主动形式(send something)动宾关系你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?表达的意思是我/别人可以帮你去寄，send 用被动(something be send)主谓关系 3同位关系同位关系(apposition)He

5、broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.他没有遵守定期给父母写信的承诺。We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。修饰修饰抽象名词抽象名词，如如ability,chance,idea fact,promise,reasonto 后接的动词短语后接的动词短语是是对该抽象名词的对该抽象名词的解释解释/说明说明ing形式作定语常表示形式作定语常表示所修饰词的用途，所修饰词的用途，也可以也可以表示进行表示进行。eg A sleepi

6、ng pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.The houses being built are for the students.非谓语动词作非谓语动词作定语定语doingDone 形式形式作定语，一般作定语，一般表示被动，表示被动，完成完成eg He was reading a novel written by Dickens.Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground.There are a little time left.非谓语动词作非谓语动词作定语定语donePractice1.There

7、are many people _(invite)to the party.2.The meeting_(hold)now is of great importance.3.The meeting_(hold)yesterday was of great importance.4.The meeting _(hold)tomorrow is of great importance.5.He is always the first_(come)and the last _(leave).invitedbeing heldheld to be held to cometo leave 非谓语作状语

8、非谓语作状语To do作作状语可以状语可以表示目的表示目的，相当于，相当于so as to、in order toso as to 只能放于句中只能放于句中。动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语To catch the early bus，he gets up early.In order to catch the early bus,he gets up early.=He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my telephone number so as to/in order to/to remember it.To do

9、作作结果状语结果状语,常用在下列句式中：常用在下列句式中：1.Im not so stupid as to write it down.=Im not such a fool as to write it down.2.He is clever enough to be fit for the job.so+adj+as to do sthsuch+n+as to do sthenough to do sthtoo.to;only to do sthadj作作表语时，后面可表语时，后面可接接to do作作原因状语原因状语，用以说明这种，用以说明这种情绪的情绪的原因原因。用于用于这类结构的形容词

10、常用的有：这类结构的形容词常用的有：happy,glad,sorry,anxious,angry,proud,surprised,pleased.They were very glad to hear the news.Im happy to meet you.Revision To do 状语状语原因原因目的目的in order to do=so as to do表示表示“目的是；为了目的是；为了”结果结果 so/such.as to .enough to too.to only to (常表示意料之外，不好常表示意料之外，不好的结果的结果)dodoinging和和donedone作作状语状

11、语doing和和done形式作状语可以表示时间形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随、原因、伴随、条件、结果、条件、结果、目的目的等意义等意义。doing：主动、进行：主动、进行done:被动、完成被动、完成eg Seen from the top of the tower,the factory looks beautiful.Seeing from the top of the tower,we can see a beautiful factory.1.When _(offer)help,one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you.”2._(Sep

12、arate)from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not _(find)in any other country in the world.3.Generally speaking,if _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.4.He glanced at her,_(note)that though she was tiny,she seemed very well.5.The t

13、eacher came into the lab,_(follow)by some students.6._(tell)many times,he still repeated the same mistake.7.Not _(receive)her letter,he wrote again.PracticeofferedSeparated takennotingfollowedHaving been told having receivedfound非谓语作补语非谓语作补语在在expect,forbid,force,order,permit,request,warn等动词后，常接等动词后，

14、常接“sb/sth+to do”结构，动词不定式作结构，动词不定式作补语。补语。eg We can always expect him to help us.He warned us to be careful.To do、doing、done五五看：看：see,watch,look at,notice,observe,smell,三使：三使：let,have,make sb.do sth两听：两听：hear,listen to,一一感觉：感觉：feel等后作宾补，等后作宾补，省略省略 to.注意注意：在：在被动语态中被动语态中 to 不能省略掉不能省略掉。如。如：+(to)do 表示表示动作

15、的整个动作的整个过程过程+doing 表示进行表示进行。I saw him cross the street and enter the shop.I saw him crossing the street.I saw him dance.He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.To do 做宾补做宾补eg How would you like your hair cut?We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.动词动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。形式作补语常表示

16、被动意义。非非谓语的时态谓语的时态&语态语态一、动词不定式的时态与语态一、动词不定式的时态与语态形式形式主动主动被动被动意义意义一般式to do to be done动词不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doing动词不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done动词不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前The work is to be done soon.He seemed to be reading something at that time.He seemed to have cleane

17、d the room.The boy is said to have been sent to hospital soon.二、动词二、动词-ing形式的时态与语态形式的时态与语态形式形式主动主动被动被动意义意义一般式doingbeing done表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作完成式having donehaving been done表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前No one likes being laughed at.After having played basketball,he felt tired.I

18、 dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.Go through the introduction and find the sentences that used to-infinitives,verb-ing or verb-ed forms and fill in the table.One has been done for you.A Exploring the rulesSubjectsPredicativeThe aim of the Romantics was to break with ObjectsComp

19、lementsAttributivesAdverbials,celebrating the beauty of nature and country life became a common theme in Romantic poetry.Romantic poets were often not pleased with they were not always interested in they refused to follow rigid rules;Instead,they advocated going back to nature.people were made to wo

20、rk long hours.a process called industrialization.Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature,Working out the rules The to-infinitive often refers to an action that will happen in the future;the verb-ing form,a continuing action;and the verb-ed form,a past action.Generally speakin

21、g,the verb-ing form expresses a(n)(1)_(active/passive)meaning,while the verb-ed form expresses a(n)(2)_(active/passive)meaning.activepassive The to-infinitive can be used as the(3)_ of a sentence.The verb-ing form can be used as the(4)_ of a sentence.The verb-ed form can be used as the(5)_ of a sent

22、ence.*You can choose more than one answer for each blank.a.subject b.predicative c.object plement e.attributive f.adverbiala,b,c,d,e,fa,b,c,d,e,fb,d,e,fRewrite the following sentences using to-infinitive,verb-ing or verb-ed forms.1.Romantic poets experimented with new poetic forms.They were particul

23、arly interested in it.Romantic poets were particularly _.interested in experimenting with new poetic forms2.Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination when they described natural scenes.Romantic poets often mentioned the effect of beauty on the poets imagination whe

24、n _.3.Poems that focus on nature often stress the moment of inspiration.Poems _ often stress the moment of inspiration.describing natural scenesfocusing on nature4.Many Romantic poems are filled with descriptions of magic and ancient themes,and contain rich sensory details._,many Romantic poems cont

25、ain rich sensory details.5.Since Romantic poets were highly colourful and independent individuals,finding concerns common to all of them is sometimes difficult.Since Romantic poets were all highly colourful and independent individuals,it is sometimes difficult _ _.Filled with descriptions of magic a

26、nd ancient themesto all of themto find concerns common Born in 1770,William Wordsworth was one of the(1)_(lead)poets of the Romantic movement in England.(2)_(grow)up in the beautiful Lake District,Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet.(3)_(educate)at Cambridge,Wordsworth

27、received his degree in 1791.He spent a lot of time(4)_(tour)in Europe.leadingGrowing Educated touringBelow is an article about the English poet William Wordsworth.Complete the article with the correct to-infinitive,verb-ing or verb-ed forms of the verbs in the brackets.Travelling obviously provided

28、Wordsworth with plenty of ideas for his poems.In 1795,he met Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the two talented young men became close friends.(5)_(meet)Coleridge had a huge impact on Wordsworth.Lyrical Ballads,a collection of poems(6)_(write)together with Coleridge,was Wordsworths first great work.It was

29、 published in 1798 and marked the start of the Romantic era in poetry.Wordsworth explained that they wanted to write poetry that ordinary people could use(7)_(express)their feelings.Meeting writtento expressMany of the poems in the collection were about returning to nature.Like other Romantics,Words

30、worth preferred(8)_(live)in the country rather than in the city.living/to liveWrite about the importance of reading poems.Think of at least one reason and give supporting details,using to-infinitives verb-ing or verb-ed forms.Use the example below to help you.Reading poems helps me understand the be

31、auty of language.There are a lot of poetic devices employed in poems,such as rhyme and metaphor.When reading these beautifully written lines,I can enjoy the beauty of the language.Reading poems helps develop deep insight into what the poet wants to express.Every poem is unique to its poet and its me

32、ssage might first need to be discovered before it can be understood.A poem also represents what the poet was experiencing at that time,such as passion or sorrow.When I read a poem,I want to discover and understand the poets message.So I often think about what the poet was going through at that time.

33、Understanding the poets thoughts and feelings opens up a whole new world for me and keeps me from getting bored.用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。One of the workers in Africas largest wildlife preserve says the last time an elephant in the Niassa Reserve was recorded 1._(kill)by a poacher(偷猎者偷猎者)w

34、as on May 17,2018.“The drastic decline in poached elephants is owed to a new rapid-intervention police force,”said Joe Walston,a local official.“Any one of those things alone isnt going to be successful,which is why it has taken so long to be able 2._(get)us to a point where weve been able to get po

35、aching under control,”Walston told CNN.killedto get3._(situate)in a remote region of northern Mozambique,the Niassa Reserve has seen thousands of animals killed in recent years.The rapid-intervention police force is better 4._(arm)than the reserves normal rangers and has rights 5._(arrest)suspected poachers.Walston said that the ability 6._(make)arrests is important to prevent poachers from 7._(come)to the reserve.Situatedarmedto arrestto makecoming