Unit 1 Grammar and usage （ppt课件）-2022新牛津译林版《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、这段简短的对话中都省略了哪些词呢？这段简短的对话中都省略了哪些词呢？-Excuse me!-Yes?-Is this your handbag?-Pardon?-Is this your handbag?-Yes,it is.-Thank you very much.Watch and Observe-Excuse me!-Yes?-Is this your handbag?Pardon?-Is this your handbag?-Yes,it is.-Thank you very much.-(You)-(I beg your)pardon.my handbag.-(I)请你原谅请你原谅/

2、请再说一遍请再说一遍请原谅请原谅/对不起，打扰一下对不起，打扰一下Ellipsis省略省略定义：定义：为了使语言简洁化、并且为了避免重为了使语言简洁化、并且为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略（现象称为省略（Ellipsis)。Focus on 基本用法基本用法l简单句中的省略简单句中的省略l并列句中的省略并列句中的省略l复合句中的省略复合句中的省略l其他省略其他省略 Come in,please.See you tomorrow.Thank you for your help.Beg your pardon.1.省略主语省略主语:

3、祈使句中的主语通常被省略祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他其他省略主语的情况多限于少数习惯用法。省略主语的情况多限于少数习惯用法。(You)(I)(I)(I)Sounds like a good idea.Something to drink?This way,please.2.省略主语或谓语的一部分省略主语或谓语的一部分3.省略宾语省略宾语-Do you know Miss Li?-I dont know Tom enjoys dancing,but Peter hates 可以省略宾语的全部可以省略宾语的全部(It)(Would you like)(You come)(her)(dancing

4、)Dont touch anything unless the teacher tells you to(touch).可以省略作宾语的动词不定式可以省略作宾语的动词不定式,只保留只保留to,但如果该宾但如果该宾语是动词语是动词be或助动词或助动词have,则须在则须在to后加上后加上be或或have。-Are you a teacher?-No,but I want to be(a teacher).-He hasnt finished the task.-Well,he ought to have(finished it).-Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am His br

5、other isnt lazy.Nor is his sister 4.省略表语省略表语-Are you feeling better now?-Better-When did you read the novel?-Long ago.Lets meet at the school gate as the same as yesterday.5.同时省略几个句子成分同时省略几个句子成分(thirsty)(lazy)(Im feeling)(now)(I read it)(we met)两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。的部分。M

6、ike said that he would come to school to see me the next day,but he didnt(come to school to see me the next day).Lins father was not at home,but his mother was(at home).She was poor but(she was)honest.1.主句中的省略主句中的省略1)主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。(Its a)Pity you couldnt come.2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。在

7、对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。-Shall I go to play?-If you like(you can go to play).2.定语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。The book(which/that)I borrowed yesterday was hers.The man(whom)you saw on the street once saved my life.Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?I think so.soI think Im leaving

8、 for Beijing this Sunday.Tom must be free today.If so,he can help us.soIf he is free.主句中有一些成分被省略、用主句中有一些成分被省略、用soso或或notnot来代替来代替 It is going to rain,isnt it?I hope not.notit is not going to rain.这种用法常见的有：这种用法常见的有：How so?Why so?Is that so?I hope so.He said so.及及I suppose/believe/hope not.Why not?等等。

9、等等。3.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中的省略1)由由which,when,where,how和和why引导的宾引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。Please pass me one of these books and I dont care which(you pass me).2)在在Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与与 not分别用于肯分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从句可省去。定或否定宾语时，宾语从句可省去。-Do you think

10、 it will rain?-I hope(that it will)not(rain).3)宾语从句中常省略宾语从句中常省略that,但多个宾语从句并列时但多个宾语从句并列时,通常只通常只省略第一个省略第一个that。The boy believes(that)he will travel through space to other planets.He said(that)the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.1.when，while，as,once，whenever引导的时间状引导的时间状语从句

11、；语从句；2.if，unless引导的条件状语从句；引导的条件状语从句；3.though，although，even if，even though引导的让引导的让步状语从句；步状语从句；4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；引导的方式状语从句；5.wherever引导的地点状语从句引导的地点状语从句 若从句的主语是若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且或与主句的主语相同，且谓语是谓语是be时时，常同时省略从句的主语和，常同时省略从句的主语和be。When asked what he had done,John just kept silent.When he was a

12、sked what he had done,John just kept silent.he If he is free,Jack will go with us.he was If free,Jack will go with us.he is Unless invited,he wont come.Unless he is invited,he wont come.he he isif it is possible,he will help you out of the difficulty.if possible,he will help you out of the difficult

13、y.No parking.(Parking is not allowed here.)Quiet!(You should be quiet here.)Hemlet on stage.(The opera Hemlet is being performed on stage.)一些特殊结构中的省略。一些特殊结构中的省略。(1)signs 标志标志/labels 标签标签(2)newspaper headlines 新闻标题新闻标题 Best wishes.(I give you my best wishes.)Opera OK,costumes great.(The opera was OK,

14、and the costumes were great.)(3)postcards 明信片明信片/diaries 日记日记(4)notes 注释注释 笔记笔记1.Havent seen you for ages._2.Some more tea?_3.Sounds like a good idea._4.Doesnt matter._5.Sorry to hear that._I havent seen you for ages.Would you like some more tea?That/It sounds like a good idea.I.找出下列句子的省略部分并补充完整。找出下

15、列句子的省略部分并补充完整。It doesnt matter.Im sorry to hear that.6.Pity you couldnt come._7.This way,please._8.Terrible weather!_9.Joining us for a drink?_10.Going to the supermarket?_Its/What a pity you couldnt come.Step/Come this way,please.What terrible weather it is!Are you joining us for a drink?Are you go

16、ing to the supermarket?Exploring the rulesWrite down the words that have been left out in the conversation on page 6.1.No,I didnt(watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).2.You can watch it online if you want to().3.I felt worried when()watching the documentary.4.Some ca

17、ll for the application of modern technology,and others()a change of lifestyle.5.()Got any ideas?6.()Sounds great!I waswatch itcall forHave youIt/That1.No,I didnt(watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).2.You can watch it online if you want to(watch it).3.I felt worried

18、when(I was)watching the documentary.In short responsesIn infinitivesAfter some conjunctions like if,when and while 4.Some call for the application of modern technology,and others(call for)a change of lifestyle.5.(Have you)Got any ideas?6.(It/That)Sounds great!In clauses with the same pattern and the

19、 same verbAt the beginning of a sentence in informal speechAt the beginning of a sentence in informal speechrepeatinginformalP7 B1Check your answers.1.I cannot watch the documentary this weekend,though I would like.2.Cows live on land,and fish the water.3.The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than wa

20、s 50 years ago.4.He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection,but he didnt do.5.When taking photos of wildlife,every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.would like to.in the waterwe should makeFinishing his work,he went to bed immediately.In order to att

21、ract visitors,historic buildings should be maintained.非谓语逻辑主语非谓语逻辑主语非谓语动词非谓语动词finishing逻辑主语就是句子的主语逻辑主语就是句子的主语he。完成工作后，他立即上床睡觉。完成工作后，他立即上床睡觉。错误的原因：历史建筑是没有生命的，不可能有错误的原因：历史建筑是没有生命的，不可能有“in order to”，真，真正逻辑主语应该是正逻辑主语应该是人人。正确的句子：正确的句子：In order to attract visitors,city councils should maintain historic bu

22、ildings.为了吸引游客，市委会应该维护历史建筑为了吸引游客，市委会应该维护历史建筑Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity.Use ellipsis where necessary.Put brackets around the word(s)that can be left out.P7 B21.All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.(

23、P6L11)come up with:想到，提出想到，提出He comes up with a view:the house prices will go down in three years.【提示提示】come up with及物动词短语，及物动词短语，人作主语人作主语；come up不及物动词短语，不及物动词短语，物作主语物作主语 他提出了一个观点：房价会在三年内下降他提出了一个观点：房价会在三年内下降会议上提出了一个好主意会议上提出了一个好主意A good idea came up at the e短语短语come up 发生，走进；上升；发生，走进；上升；come on 来吧；赶快

24、来吧；赶快 come about 发生；产生发生；产生 come across 遇见，（偶然）发现遇见，（偶然）发现 when it comes to 涉及；谈到涉及；谈到【拓展拓展】coming along(with)（和（和）一起去）一起去 come up与与come about皆有皆有“发生发生”之意，且都为不及物动词之意，且都为不及物动词come up 和和 come about 的差别的差别come up 本义为本义为“occur,arise 出现出现/发生发生”常指意料之外的事发生常指意料之外的事发生例如：例如：I shall write to you if anything co

25、mes e about 表示表示“发生、产生发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句例如：例如：When Mother woke up,she didnt know what had come about.如果发生了什么事情我将写信告诉你。如果发生了什么事情我将写信告诉你。当妈妈醒来时，她不知道发生了什么当妈妈醒来时，她不知道发生了什么【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空。1)Alvin,are you coming with us?Id love to,but something unexpe

26、cted has come _.2)Ill never understand how it came _ that you were late three times a week.3)When walking down the street,I came _ David,whom I hadnt seen for years.upaboutacross2.Some call for the application of modern technology and others a change of lifestyle.(P6L12)call for:要求；需要，呼吁要求；需要，呼吁The

27、public are calling for an end to air pollution.公众呼吁结束空气污染公众呼吁结束空气污染call短语短语call at 停靠；（短时间）停留停靠；（短时间）停留call on/upon 拜访（某人）；号召拜访（某人）；号召 call off 取消；停止取消；停止 call in 请求；收回请求；收回【拓展拓展】call up 给给打电话；使打电话；使回忆起回忆起【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空。1)The sound of happy laughter called _ memories of his childhood.2)The g

28、overnment calls _ the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.3)Since the weather is bad,lets call _ the trip.uponoff3.What if nobody goes?如果没有人去该怎么办？（如果没有人去该怎么办？（P7B2L3）=What will happen if?【归纳归纳】What if?常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为意为“倘若倘若将会怎样将会怎样”，后面常跟一般现在时，有时根，后面常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。据

29、语境也可以跟虚拟语气。类似句型有：类似句型有：What for?为了什么目的？为了什么目的？So what?那又怎么样？那又怎么样？How come?怎么会这样？怎么会这样？What about?/How about?怎么样？怎么样？What if he doesnt agree with me?If she spent five years in Paris,how come her French is so bad?He is fifteen years younger than you.So what?如果他不同意我怎么办？如果他不同意我怎么办？如果她在巴黎过了五年，法语怎么会这么糟糕？如果她在巴黎过了五年，法语怎么会这么糟糕？那又怎么样那又怎么样他比你年轻他比你年轻15岁岁