高中英语复习北师大版《主旨大意》-课件-(共24张).ppt

1、Get the Main Idea(1)Mainly about.(2)Title(3)Purpose Step 1:主旨大意题常见命题方式：主旨大意题常见命题方式：paragraphpassagetopic sentenceStep 2:Get to know topic sentence The topic sentence is a complete sentence whose function is to introduce the topic(话题话题)and controlling idea(控制概念控制概念)of a paragraph or passage.The topic

2、 sentence must be general instead of being unnecessarily detailed.文章的主题句文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，即中心思想，其他句子则为支，即中心思想，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句撑句或扩展句(Developing Details)，是用来阐述、解释、支持或，是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。Genius requires 1%inspiration and 99%hard work.Thomas Edisontopic话题controlling idea 控制概念控制

3、概念topic sentence/main idea/title(衡水卷衡水卷 unit 4A)Whenever people think of charity,the first word that jumps into their mind may be money donated to the needy.However,Wugging,or web-use giving,describes the act of giving to charity at no cost to the user.By using E,which is being added to a number of

4、university computers across the UK,students can raise money every time they search,but it won t cost them a penny.E then makes monthly payments to every registered charity.Launched in June 2005,E is now the eighth largest search engine and one of the busiest charity websites in the UK.Q:What does th

5、e passage mainly talk about?A.Wugging,a popular term on the Internet B.Students collect money for charity by WuggingC.More British charities benefit from the Internet D.Charity enjoys increasing popularity with the British 1 People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a mea

6、l unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French

7、fries and a soft drink.Task 1:Find out the topic sentence of this paragraph 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can satisfy all students

8、at the same time.Task 1:Find out the topic sentence of this paragraph 3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hu-rry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are so

9、ld out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.This sales trick is called“bait(上钩)and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things o

10、n sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.Question 1:The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buyer BewareB.Closeout(出清存货)Sale C.Crime Pays D.Buying a TV Set Task 1:Find out the topic sentence of this paragraph 4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and deci

11、ded to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.Question 2:The main idea of this paragraph is that

12、 _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaild

13、etaildetailTask 2:SummaryAt the beginningAt the endingIn the middleNo clear topic sentencetype of paragraph structure position of topic sentence inverted triangle倒三角倒三角 triangle正三角正三角rhombus菱形菱形square方形方形Step 3:find out the main idea of a passage第一步第一步:识别文体识别文体,找主题句找主题句1.argumentative writing(议论文议论文

14、)2.expository writing(说明文说明文)3.narrative writing(记叙文记叙文)4.practical writing(应用文应用文)topic sentence is at the beginning or the end of the passageH1W5comment(衡水卷衡水卷unit 5 B)Children who read for pleasure at the age of 10 have far higher vocabulary scores by the age of 42.Researchers at the Institute of

15、 Education(IOE)have found that the most crazy childhood readers score far higher on vocabulary tests 30 years later.The new study suggests that children who read for pleasure carry the intellectual(智力的智力的)benefits with them far into adulthood.In addition,generally speaking,the adult readers who espe

16、cially read broadsheets(宽幅宽幅 印刷品印刷品)scored 76 percent on the assessment compared to 57 percent amongst those who didn tQuestion:What does the text mainly tell us?AIntelligence has a great influence on vocabulary BReading materials matter much for childrenCBroadsheet newspapers are best for boosting

17、vocabularyDChildren who read for pleasure have larger vocabulary as adults(13-14洛阳高三一练洛阳高三一练A)Do you remember we agreed to circulate our ideas for our school project this year?Well,here is our suggestion and we in our school hope you will join us to develop it.As it was my turn to suggest a project

18、for our grade,I put forward this idea.Our head teacher accepted it and so we began to prepare our plans to improve the campsite.Hope you will join us.Question:Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?A.To argue circus people should be treated fairly.B.To ask the reader to join in their proj

19、ect.C.To call on more people to help Jake.D.To show what is in need for a circus.(衡水卷衡水卷 unit 2 B)A 51-year-old lawyer has moved back in with his mother-after giving up unit 2 B)A 51-year-old lawyer has moved back in with his mother-after giving up his Los Angeles home to a family of strangers for a

20、 year.his Los Angeles home to a family of strangers for a year.Tony Tolbert looked for a family in need after his father set a glowing example when he was Tony Tolbert looked for a family in need after his father set a glowing example when he was growing up by always welcoming people to stay in thei

21、r spare room.You dont have to be growing up by always welcoming people to stay in their spare room.You dont have to be Bill Gates or Warren Buffet or Oprah,Tolbert told CBS.Bill Gates or Warren Buffet or Oprah,Tolbert told CBS.The heartwarming story comes after the report that l0-year-old Gracie McN

22、ulty,from The heartwarming story comes after the report that l0-year-old Gracie McNulty,from England,served Christmas dinners t0 50 homeless people,achieving her fathers last England,served Christmas dinners t0 50 homeless people,achieving her fathers last Christmas wish.Christmas wish.Its been the

23、best Christmas ever,Cracie said.I was just at school feeling sad and so I Its been the best Christmas ever,Cracie said.I was just at school feeling sad and so I decided I wanted to do something to make him proud and this felt like the perfect thing.decided I wanted to do something to make him proud

24、and this felt like the perfect thing.Question:Whats the authors purpose of writing this passage?Question:Whats the authors purpose of writing this passage?A.To explain some puzzling events.B.To introduce two inspiring stories.A.To explain some puzzling events.B.To introduce two inspiring stories.C.T

25、o call on people to help others in need.C.To call on people to help others in need.D.To show there are still poor people.D.To show there are still poor people.第二步第二步:推敲选项推敲选项,排除干扰排除干扰推敲选项正误的推敲选项正误的5个小窍门个小窍门:根据第一步寻找主题句根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配与四个选项进行匹配,选选出最合适恰当的答案出最合适恰当的答案 正确选项应能概括全文正确选项应能概括全文,

26、内容全面内容全面,而非某一方面具体细节而非某一方面具体细节 正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词 特别警惕根据常识判断是对的，但文章未提及的表述特别警惕根据常识判断是对的，但文章未提及的表述 四个选项中四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案是正确答案Step 3:find out the main diea of a passage(二二)文中出现的连词（转折文中出现的连词（转折but/however，因果，因果 so/therefore，递进递进besides,moreover或一些常或一些常见的（见的（in

27、 fact,the study shows that,for example,in short),show/find/suggest/argue 等词面所阐述的往往就是等词面所阐述的往往就是主题句主题句。tips:Step 3:find out the main diea of a passage(一一)记叙文记叙文:没有明显的主题句没有明显的主题句 夹叙夹议文夹叙夹议文:主题句常在议论中主题句常在议论中 说明文说明文:一般在一般在首段首段 议论文议论文:一般为一般为总分总总分总模式模式,即主即主题句（作者的观点）题句（作者的观点）常在首段或末常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申）。当然，由于段（作

28、者观点的重申）。当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间。章中间。(三三)对于生词多的文章，可以通过划高频词的方法对于生词多的文章，可以通过划高频词的方法 大致确定文章主题大致确定文章主题Task 2:find out the main idea of the passage(2015重庆A)At thirteen,I was diagnosed(诊所)with kind of attention disorder.It made school difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was fo

29、cusing on tasks,I could not.In my first literature class,Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it,all within 45 minutes.I raised my hand right away and said,Mrs.Smith,you see,the doctor said I have attention problems.I might not be able to do it.She glanced down at me through her glas

30、ses,you are no different from your classmates,young man.I tried,but I didnt finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home.In the of my bedroom,the story suddenly all became clear to me.It was about a blind person,Louis Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much educatio

31、n.But Louis didnt give up.Instead,he invented a reading system of raised dots(点),which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.Wasnt I the blind in my class,being made to learn like the sighted students?My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40

32、minutes.Indeed,I was no different from others;I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his way out of his problems,why should I ever give up?I didnt expect anything when I handled in my paper to Mrs.Smith,so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day-with anA on it.At the

33、bottom of the paper were these words:See what you can do when you keep trying?Question 3.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The disabled should be treated with respect.B.A teacher can open up a new world to students.C.One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.D.Everyone needs a hand

34、when faced wit challenges.(衡水卷 Unit 4 C)As we know,many teen celebrities(名人)feel and think that having a slimmer figure can do great good to them.But,does size really matter?Are teenage fans trying hard to become like their celebrity idols(偶像)?Do celebrities really have the power to influence people

35、,especially teenagers?For the longest time,many parents blame teen idols for influencing the way their kids act.Have you noticed how teens idolize the celebrities these days?Even,their personal affairs are being followed by kids these days.Take for example the case of Lindsay Lohan or Mary Kate Ashl

36、ey.They are definitely famous teen stars.But,since they are trying to project an image to satisfy a lot of people in show business,their health and body suffer.Many kids are aware of this problem.But they are easily influenced by these celebrities to exercise and eat less.It is a fact that the media

37、,and especially famous teen celebrities,can influence people powerfully.But teenagers are easily influenced because teenage years are the period when our personality and identity developments take place.Teens watching TV shows and reading magazines are easily pulled into the dieting and harmful eati

38、ng habits because the media have some ways to pull these acts.They use thin models and celebrities to endorse(做广告宣传)products or to star in an up-and coming shows or movies.With fierce competition,celebrities are forced to eat less and do extreme exercise routines to get the roles or offers that come

39、 their way.Living in today s time and generation is a bit disturbing to a lot of parents.Media,especially as well as the celebrities,have a very powerful influence to drive teenagers to good or bad.It s good that we can control ourselves to avoid bad things from happening.If not,parents should reall

40、y be aware and guide their teens to determine what s in ad what s out.Question 4.What s the title of the passage?A.Parents responsibilities.B.Advice on self-control.C.Bad influences of celebrities.D.Media s bad influences.Step 4:get a title for a passageTask 1:analyze the following titles and find o

41、ut their similarity.Q1:A.Buyer Beware B.Closeout(出清存货出清存货)Sale C.Crime Pays D.Buying a TV Set Q4:A.Parents responsibilities.B.Advice on self-control.C.Bad influences of celebrities.D.Media s bad influences.1.full sentence?2.contains:a._ b._topic 话题话题controlling idea控制概念控制概念Step 4:get a title for a p

42、assageTask 2:find out a title for paragraph 1 and passage 11.not necessarily be full sentence2.contain the topic and the controlling idea of the passage3.eye-catchingStep 5:find out the writing purposeTask 1:if you were the author.to informto persuadeto entertaininform:to tell sb about sht,especiall

43、y in an official or formal way persuade:to made sb do sth by giving them good reasons for doing it,to make sb believe that sht is true.entertain:to interest and amuse sb in order to please them(洛阳一中高三洛阳一中高三11月月考月月考 D)The ONE Music Group,producer of quality musical instruments,announces today the Nor

44、th American launch of its piano product line:The ONE Light Keyboard and The ONE Smart Piano,which is the world s first Apple MFi-centified piano currently on the market.The upright models cost$1,499,while the keyboard is$300.The company is offering a limited-time discount on Indiegogo for early camp

45、aign backers,starting at$899 for the upright model and&199 for the keyboard.Question:What s the purpose of the passage?A.To advise.B.To inform.C.To educate.D.To offer.Assignment Find out three passages of the purpose type Find out three passages with the title type Find out three passages of the mainly about type Analyze the characteristics of the wrong choices The assignment is to be handed in TOMMORROW.Thank you!Thank you!