高考英语语法专题复习：动词时态语态（学生版）.docx

1、 高考英语语法专题复习：动词时态语态 【考纲解读】考纲解读】 课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完 成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题，每年每份试卷中都有 23 个小 题，每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。 而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去 时。 【名师指导】【名师指导】 1. 了解并能正确运用常考的 10 种时态； 2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态； 3. 掌握几

2、种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。 动词时态的知识网络动词时态的知识网络(以动词以动词 do 为例为例)（红字部分为考纲要求时态）（红字部分为考纲要求时态） 现在时现在时 过去时过去时 将来时将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 一般时一般时 do / does did shall/will do/be going to should/would do 进行时进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成时完成时 have/has done had done shall/will

3、 have done should/would have done 完成进行完成进行 时时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 时时 态态 1表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如 usually，often， always，sometimes，every day 等。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 星期一早晨， 通常花

4、费我一小时开车 去上班。 2表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 As we all kno w, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 3 表示按照时间表、 计划安排好的或者规定的行为， 只限于 go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive, begin, return, open, close 等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。 My dream school starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm. 我理想的学校上午 8：30 上课，下午 3： 30 放学。 4在时间、

5、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。 5在某些以 here，there 开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。 Here comes the English teacher. 英语老师来了。 典例 (2015 全国卷语法填空)This cycle _(go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day 1 表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态， 常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，

6、如 yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989 等。 The other day I came across an old friend on the to p of Mount Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了 一位老朋友。 2在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 He said he would not attend the meeting any longer if it rained. 他说如果下雨他不参加会议了。 3表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时，k

7、now, think, expect 等动词常用一般过去时。 I didnt expect to meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰见你。 4常见句型 ( 1)It is time that sb. did sth.“该到了”。 (2)It is/has been一段时间sincedid sth.“自从做某事已经一段时间了”。 (3)would/had rather sb. did sth.“宁愿某人做某事”。 It is time that we took action to protect our environment. 该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 It is/ha

8、s been three years since he joined the army. 他参军 3 年了。 典例 (2016 全国卷丙语法填空)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be) too violent for use at the table. 1一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。 He will graduate from Beijing University next year. 明年，他将毕业于北京大学。 2 三类表示一般将来时的特殊结构： (1)be goin

9、g to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 Look at the cloud. It is going to rain. 瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。 (2)be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 We are to obey these rules when we go into the library. 当我们去图书馆时，我们要遵守这些规章制度。 (3)be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。 The train is about to leave. 火车即将开出

10、。 典例 (2015 全国卷书面表达)If you are able to come with us，please let us know and we _(wait) for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning. 1表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语 now，at the moment, at present 等连用。 He is watching a football match on TV at home now. 他现在正在家里在电视上看足球赛。 2一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词 come, go, leave, g

11、et, start, open, arrive, begin, return 等常用 现在进行时表将来。 How many of you are coming to the party next week？ 你们中有多少人下周要来参加聚会？ 3现在进行时态与频率副词 always, constantly 连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等 。 You are always forgetting the important thing. 你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪) 典例 (2015 北京高考书面表达)I _(write) to tell you my exciting

12、plan for the summer holiday. 1过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。 He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3：00 pm. yesterday. 昨天下午 3 点他正在操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。 2表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。 She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. 当盗贼闯入她家时她正在看电视。 3表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有 go, be

13、gin, leave, arrive, come, return 等。 I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. 我本打算那天晚些时候去看你， 但是我不得不打电话取消了。 典例 (2016 北京高考单项填空)Jack _(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。常用的时间状语有：soon, tomorrow, this evening, by this time, in two da

14、ys, tomorrow evening 等。 This time next week Ill be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine. 下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩，享受着阳光。 典例 (江苏高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning? Sure.I_(write) a report at home. 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 常用的时间状语： already, so far, never, just, before, recently, for a long time

15、, in the past/last few years 等。 Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. 到目前为止， 工作进展顺利，我们确信一定会按时完工。 2表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since时间点” 或“for时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。 I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Ca n you play the piano for

16、 me? 我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ Sorry, I havent played the piano for years. 抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 3现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 当你读完这本书请归还给我。 (1)注意牢记以下固定句型： It is/has been时间段since表示“自从以来已经”。 It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the

17、university. 我大学毕业已十年了。 This/It/That is the first/second/thirdtime that表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that 从句中要用现 在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次游览这座城市。 This is形容词最高级名词that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 (2)注意避免思维定势：一看到 for时间段，就用动词的现在完成时

18、态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作 曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间 ”(现在完成时)。 Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China. 杨振宁在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。 Dashan has lived in China for many years. 大山在中国住了许多年。 典例 (2015 全国卷语法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls _ (give) up their heat and are now cold enou

19、gh 1表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有 by, until, when, before等。 When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child. 他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had already graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 2表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expec

20、t, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原 本(事实上未能)”。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。 3表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。 He remembered that he had left the key at home. 他记得他把钥匙落家了。 4过去完成时的常用句型 (1)It was the first/secondtime that这是第一/第二次 It was the third time

21、 that the boy had been late. 这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。 (2)had hardlywhen 刚就；had no soonerthan 一就。如： I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 典例 (2016 浙江高考单项填空)Silk _ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by a

22、bout 100 BC. 1常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 (2015 全国卷完形填空)For days the kids have been looking for others we can help. 几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。 2表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 I have been calling him many times this morning, but theres no answer. 今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话，但是没人接。 典例 (全国卷短文改错)Since thenfor all th

23、ese yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. （可以不用单独讲解，只结合宾语从句的时态原则讲解即可） 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未 来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中常用于宾语从句中。 The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. 这个商店不久将关闭，所有的人将回 家。 典例 (2015 全国卷完形填空)In the store, I asked each of m

24、y kids to pick something they thought our “friend” there _ (appreciate) 单句语法填空 1(全国卷语法填空)He _ (ride) beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver 2(2015 全国卷语法填空)It was raining lightly when I _ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. 3(2017

25、 泰安检测)Mr White _ (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month. 4(2015 北京高考单项填空)In the last few years, China _ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 5(2017 山东邹城一中月考)That was the first time I _ (be) to Hong Kong so I had great difficulty finding the hotel.

26、 单句改错 1(2016 全国卷甲短文改错)Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea._ 2(2017 江西四校联考)I will keep the habit of taking regular exercise, such as running, swimming and various ball games. During my holidays, I would travel to my dreamlands. _ 3(2016 浙江高考短文改

27、错)Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers._ 4(江苏高考)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he met some European business partners._ 5 (2015 全 国 卷 短 文 改 错 )A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outsid

28、e the shop._ _ 6(2015 全国卷短文改错)Tony was scared and begun to cry._ 语语 态态 主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀 一般现、过用 be done，be 有人称、时、数变。 完成时态 have done，被动将 been 加中间。 一般将来 shall (will) do，被动变 do 为 be done。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing。 现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。 现、过进行 be doing，被动 be 加 being done。 情、助、有、是妥安

29、排，一律随新主语变。 否定助后加 not，疑问一助置主前。 主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。 一般情助加 be done，双宾多将间宾变。 复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 注释：be 有人称、时、数变即 be 有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。 情助是指情态动词和助动词 must，may，can，shall，will 等一律随新主语(多是 主动句中的宾语)来变化。 疑问一助置主前是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一 助动词置于主语之前。 1不能用被动语态的特殊动词 (1)系动词类(look, seem, feel, taste, sound, prove, appear 等

30、)。 (2)表示主语特征的词(read, wash, write, sell, wear, lock 等)， 常与 not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely 等副 词连用。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。 2get 构成的表示被动的短语 此类短语主要有 get paid/lost/hurt 等。 We get paid every week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 3主动形式表示被动意义 (1)在 need, want, require, deserve, bear（）等动词、worth 等形容词的后面

31、，动名词主动形式表示被动 意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 (2)在某些“主语(人/物)be形容词不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有 nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting 等。 The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难计算出。 典例 (2016 四川高考语法填空)The giant panda _ (lo

32、ve) by people throughout the world. 单句语法填空/单句改错 1(2016 全国卷丙语法填空)Truly elegant chopsticks might _ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 2(2015 广东高考语法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what_ (leave) 3(

33、2017 石家庄调研)In our high school, everything _ (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and examinations. 4(2015 安徽高考单项填空)It is reported that a space station _ (build) on the moon in years to come. 5 (2015 全国卷短文改错)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already becom

34、e a very serious problem._ 【总结】 【走向高考】【走向高考】 .单句语法填空 1(2016 全国卷)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the table. 2(2016 北京卷)Jack _ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 3(2016 四川卷)However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of

35、 the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother _ (drive) the young panda away. 4(2015 全国卷)Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 5(2015 广东卷)While making great efforts to run

36、 away, she _ (fall) over the hill and died. 6(2015 广东卷)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _ (leave) 7(2014 全国卷)Then the driver stood up and asked，“_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” 8(2014 广东卷)We _ (te

37、ll) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after. 9(2017 广东佛山二模)In 2006, I _ (feel) I needed a new challenge so I decided to take a filmmaking course. 10(2017 河北邯郸模拟)Its true that our future _ (determine) by many things. 11(2017 辽宁六校联考)When we got home, she was fine excep

38、t that all her books _ (throw) out of the window. 12(2017 湖南衡阳一中月考三)When some waste chemicals _ (put) into the sea, it can hurt or kill animals and fish. 13(2017 浙江杭州五校联考 改编)According to Charles Keeling, the amount of carbon dioxide _ (increase) sharply and steadily over the forty years betw een 195

39、7 and 1997. 14(2017 山师大附中模拟)They have lit our dinnertime, the bedrooms and now I _ (sit) by one in the kitchen. 15(2017 湖南长沙雅礼中学月考)On April 15, 1817, Thomas and his friend finally _ (establish) what is currently known as the first school for deaf people. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入不超过 3 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On Sept

40、ember 19, 2017, a deadly earthquake 57_(hit) Mexico, killing more than 300 people 58_ destroying many buildings in the nations capital, Mexico CityIn the days that followed, rescue teams went out to search 59_ people trapped by the earthquakeAmong the humans digging through the ruins was a four- leg

41、ged helper 60_(name) Frida Frida, a rescue dog, was named after Mexican painter Frida KahloShe is a sniffer dog(嗅探犬) with the Mexican Navy(海军)She is a 61_(value) member of her team, often getting into spaces that humans cant reachAccording to the Navy, she has a “sixth sense” for 62_(find) humans, a

42、nd thats unlike any other dog theyve ever trained before63_ is her job to sniff out people trapped by natural disastersFrida has found 52 people after earthquakes and other disasters in Mexico, Haiti and Ecuador, and 12 of 64_(they) were found alive and 65_(successful) rescued Since the Mexican Navy

43、 shared a picture of the rescue dog on the Internet, Frida has been considered a hero Like the rest of rescue 66 _(worker), she is a hero to the victims(受害者) and their loved ones 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入不超过 3 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I was ten years old I 57 _(go) to the USA to visit some family friends We trav

44、eled around CaliforniaLos Angeles, San Franciscoand Las VegasI noticed something 58_(interest) about the way everyone spoke English One moment I remember very clearly was 59_ the beginning of the holiday, when my friend asked me if I would like to order “French fries ” I couldn t imagine 60 _ French

45、 fries were She was surprised I had never tried them and she ordered some When the waiter brought 61 _(we) some chips(薯条), my friend told me they were the French fries Later that week she aske d me 62 _ (buy) some “chips” from the supermarket with herWe came out with a bag of crisps(炸薯片)! 63_(gradua

46、l), I realized that although the same language may 64_(speak) in different countries, there are likely to be many differences, not just in vocabulary but also in 65_(spell), grammar and pronunciation! I think part of the excitement of learning a language is learning about the differences 66_ _ lie in how it is spoken in different places