2020年高考英语知识梳理与真题模拟题练习： 语法填空（原卷版）.doc

1、 2020 年高考英语二轮复习知识梳理与真题模拟题练习 语法填空 【构建知识体系】【构建知识体系】 2017-2019 年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计 情况 考点 2018 2017 2019 卷 卷 卷 卷 卷 卷 卷 卷 卷 命题特点 有 提 示 词 名词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.一般为 200 词 左右的说明文或 者记叙文，难度 适中，符合高中 生的阅读水平 2 考查形式为给 出提示词和不给 出提示词两种， 不给出提示词的 题 目 一 般 为 3 个，提示词填空 多为 7 个 代词 1 1 词性转换 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 时态、 语

2、态和 主谓一致 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 非谓语动词 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 无 提 示 连词或连接 词 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 给出提示词的 题目包括词性转 换、名词的单复冠词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 词 代词 1 1 1 数、动词的时态/ 语态和非谓语动 词等；不给出提 示词的有冠词、 连词或连接词、 代词、介词等， 不给出提示词时 只能填一个单词 介词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 其他 1 1 体裁 说明 文 说明 文 记叙 文 说明 文 说明 文 记叙 文 说明 文 记叙 文 记叙 文 【考纲解读】【考纲解读】 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 普通高中英

3、语课程 标准(实验)明确指出：高 中学生应该学习和掌握的 英语语言基础知识包括语 音、词汇、语法、功能和 话题等五个方面的内容(教 育部)。 考查考生对 语法、词汇和语 用知识的掌握情 况。 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语 法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变 形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和 语境化特征。 【剖析全国【剖析全国高考真题】高考真题】预测高考命题方向预测高考命题方向 2017-2019 年新课标卷高考英语语法填空试题分析：年新课标卷高考英语语法填空试题分析： 年份 试卷类型 体裁 词数 话题 考点分布 2019 年 新课标卷 I 说明文 185 介绍了北极熊的生存 现状

4、提示词 7 个 61.同位语从句 62. 副词用法 63. 介词 64. 非谓语动词 65. 时态 66. 名词 67. 非谓语动词 68. 形容词比较级 69. 定冠词 70. 主谓一致。 新课标卷 II 记叙文 195 九十高龄的 Irene 作 为英国最年长的全职 员工， ， 她被颁发 “年 度女士”称号。 提示词 7 个 61.非谓语动词 62.定语从句 63.副词用法 64.动词时态 65.不定式作定语 66.动词时态 67.并列连词 68.非谓语动词 69.冠词用法 70.形容词作表语 新课标卷 III 记叙文 180 作者去夏威夷度假途 中的经历以及到了主 人家后受到的礼遇。 提

5、示词 7 个 61.副词 62.不定式 63.介词 64.定语从句 65.一般过去时 66.名词 67.形容词 68.副词 69.一般过去时的被动语态 70.分词 2018 年 新课标卷 I 说明文 196 跑步的好处，它可以 帮助人们延年益寿 提示词 7 个 61.副词的级 62. 不定式 63.动名词 64.时态 65.比较句型 66.定语从句 67. 名词数 68. 词形变化 69.词形变化。70.代词或名词 新课标卷 II 说明文 208 中国为保护环境在 农作物种植上做了一 些变化并得到了世界 上的知名人士的认可 提示词 7 个 61.时态 62. 冠词 63. 副词 64. 非谓

6、语动词 65. 连词 66. 词性转换 67.词 性转换68. 时态69. 定语从句70. 省 略句 新课标卷 III 记叙文 193 在中非偶遇大猩猩， 彼此惊恐的经历 提示词 7 个 61.宾语从句 62.冠词 63.最高级 64. 动词 65. 非谓语 66. 名词 67. 动词短语 68. 代词 69. 时态 70. 非谓语 2017 年 新课标卷 I 说明文 223 低脂肪、低盐的饮食 趋势及其对人们健康 的影响 提示词 7 个 61. 介词 62. 名词的数 63. 非谓语动 词64. 谓语动词65. 冠词66. 比较级 67. 主谓一致 68. 非谓语动词 69. 形 容词 70

7、. 定语从句 新课标卷 II 说明文 201 世界第一个地铁的形 成和发展 提示词 7 个 61.名词的数 62.介词 63.非谓语动词 64.冠词 65.被动语态 66.副词 67.代词 68. 时态 69. 名词 70. 形容词 新课标卷 III 说明文 215 Sarah Thomas 在学 业和诱人的职业面前 所做出的选择。 提示词 7 个 61. 非谓语动词 62. 冠词 63.时态和 语态 64. 定语从句 65. 非谓语动词 66. 名词 67. 名词的数 68. 介词 69. 动词时态 70. 副词 1.【2019 全国 I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内

8、单词的正确形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88 ,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of

9、 polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000- 25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s, and are expensive _64_ (perform) consistently over

10、 a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _65_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _66_ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, le

11、ading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are. Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 2.【2019 全国 II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90- year- old has been

12、 awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _61_ (be)Britains oldest full- time employee- still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have _63_(final)been acknowledged after a cus

13、tomer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _65_ (retire) from her 36- year- old business. Irene said，“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the frien

14、ds I _66_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31- who works alongside her in the family business- said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said， “We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got

15、 a call _68_ (say)she was short- listed， we thought it was _69_ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _70_ (wonder).” 3.【2019 全国 III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On our way to the house，it was raining _61_ hard that we couldnt help wonderi

16、ng how long it would take _62_ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs， seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences an

17、d _65_(recommend)wonderful places to eat， shop， and visit. For breakfast， we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete)to watch，together with the story beh

18、ind it. They also shared with us many _67_(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were _68_ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week- long stay，we _69_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_70_ (listen)to musicians and meeting interes

19、ting locals. 【高考预测】【高考预测】 纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测 2020 年全国高考试题还会年全国高考试题还会 文体以记叙文、说明文为主。文体以记叙文、说明文为主。 上下文语境提示上下文语境提示 3-4 个，单词基本形式提示个，单词基本形式提示 6-7 个。个。 侧重对词汇变形的考查。侧重对词汇变形的考查。 【精讲研法】【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点课堂讲解突破核心考点 考点一考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词冠词、代词、介词等小品词 （1）冠词）冠词 【例 1】【2019 新课标 I 卷】 Of _ nineteen recognized pol

20、ar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【例 2】 【2019 浙江卷】Everybody wears_ same style of clothes. 【例 3】 【2018 全国卷】 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 【例 4】【20

21、18 全国卷】 Unexpectedly, Im face- to- face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. 规律方法 1： 如何判断空格处应填冠词？ 下列情况很可能填不定冠词： (1)_+可数名词(单数)； (2)_+形容词+可数名词(单数)。 下列情况下很可能填定冠词： (1)_ (+定语)+名词+ of 等介词短语(表示特指)； (2)_ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)； (3)_ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。 【变式精练】【变式精练】 1.【2020 届湖

22、北省华大新高考联盟高三 1 月教学质量测评】 I entered 47 industry when I was 93 and this is my third year working as a model, she added. 2. 【2020 届河北省衡水中学高三下学期一调】The number of people learning Chinese is on 50increase in Chinas neighboring countries, such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. 3. 【2020 届山西省人教新课标高考模拟】Since there a

23、re 45large number of existing motivations, 46is important to know which ones are persuasive to you. 4. （浙江省（浙江省“五校联考五校联考”2019 届高三上学期第一次考试）届高三上学期第一次考试） As with all other national museums in _40_ United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. 5. （安徽省黄山市普通高中 2019 届高三 11 月“八校联考”） ）“Every storm is _50_exam

24、ple of the power of nature, It is the greatest show on Earth.” （2）代词）代词 【例【例 1】 【2019 北京】I know I will whisper to _(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【例【例 2】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive. （2018 全全 国卷国卷） 【例【例 3】Anyone can call _46_ (they)

25、 a “diet expert”, “nutritionist” and even a “doctor” given it could refer to qualifications like a PhD. （河北衡水中学 2019 届高三上学期期中） 规律方法 2： 如何判断空格处应填代词？ （1）无提示词。 （2）作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。 （3）指示代词（it 和 this）,不定代词，it 用作引导词,反身代词等。 【变式精练】【变式精练】 1. 【2020 届山西省人教新课标高考模拟】 Since there are a large numbe

26、r of existing motivations, 46 is important to know which ones are persuasive to you. 2. 【四川省遂宁市 2019- 2020 学年高三上学期第三次联考】I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike _43_ when the air is bad. 3.If people design computer viruses，someone wil

27、l design AT that improves and copies _44_(it). This will be a new form of life that outperforms humans. ” （ 湖南省三湘名校教育联盟 2019 届高三第一次 大联考） 3、介词、介词 【例 1】 （2019 新课标 I 卷）Modem methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) co

28、nsistently over a large area. 【例 2】 【2019 浙江卷】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _ this question is not clear. 【例 3】 【2019 北京卷】First celebrated_ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). 【例 4】2018 全国卷 I was searching _67_ these three western

29、 lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. 【例 5】山东省师大附中 2019 届高三上学期第二次模拟考试 From her earnings she was able to help her sister Bronia study _46_ Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education. 规

30、律方法 3：如何判断空格处应填介词？ （1）无提示词：注意搭配问题。 （2）与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等。 （3）与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语。 【变式精练】【变式精练】 1.【安徽省芜湖市 2019- 2020 学年高三上学期教学质量检测】My suggestion is that a notebook kept and a Chinese - English dictionary be 48 our reach. 2. 【2020 届四川省攀枝花市高三第二次统一考试】 Having Ricochet around lifts her spirits, and inspires

31、her to conquer her pain to get on the board. “Ricochet has taught me to focus 45 what I can do, rather than what I cant,” she said. 3. （广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校 2019 届高三第二次联考）They are faster and more accurate than human workers and never ask _42_ a pay rise or take breaks! Robots are also able to work in dan

32、gerous situations. 考点二考点二 连接词连接词 【例 1】（2019 新课标 I 卷） While they are rare north of 88 ,there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【例 2】 【2019 北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go. 【例 3】 【2019 新课标 III 卷】 Th

33、ey were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【例 4】 【2019 浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark. 【例 5】 【2019 北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与)in academic lif

34、e. 【例 6】 【2018 全国 III】Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 【例 7】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil- testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers

35、- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.（2018 新课标新课标） 【例【例 8】 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_66_showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart dis

36、ease and early deaths from all causes. （2018 新课标新课标） 【例【例 9】Many westerners _57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.（2018 浙江卷）浙江卷） 规律方法 4：如何判断空格处应填连接词？ (1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。 (2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定

37、是填引导从句的连接 词。 【变式精练】【变式精练】 1. 【2020 届安徽省皖南八校高三上学期第二次联考】 The restaurant 50 I once worked will be remembered by me forever. 2.（2020云南省大理、丽江、怒江高三第二次复习检测）云南省大理、丽江、怒江高三第二次复习检测）He added that, It would be a tragedy 50 these exceptional old artworks should disappear in our own lifetime, but it is happening.

38、3. 【2020 届湖北省华大新高考联盟高三 1 月教学质量测评】 What I was worried about was 45 I did not have the slightest idea of how to model. But my manager taught me a lot and those girls helped me with my makeup. 4. （安徽省江淮十校安徽省江淮十校 2019 届高三第二次联考 届高三第二次联考）It is believed that advertising can often be an indicator for _50_so

39、ciety considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time. 考点三考点三 时态、语态、语气时态、语态、语气 【例 1】 （2019 全国 I 卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 【例 2】（2019 全国 III 卷） Our

40、hosts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 【例 3】 （2019 全国 II 卷） Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award， proud Irene _(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36- year- old business. 【例 4】 【2018 全国 II】Diets have changed in China and so too

41、 has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _61_（grow）more corn than rice. 【例 5】2018 全国卷 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _68_ (start) a soil- testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by

42、7.7 million tons. 【例 6】2018 全国卷 I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_65_(challenge). 【例 7】2018 全国卷 True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _69_(mean)me no real harm. 【例 8】 2018 浙江卷 6 月考 I still remember visiting a friend wh

43、od lived here for five years and I _60_(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 规律方法 5：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？ (1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。 (2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法， (3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。 【变式精练】【变式精练】 1.【2020 届安徽省”皖南八校“高三第一

44、次联考】After a casual chat, the artists 43 (invite) to the hall to give us a detailed introduction to Beijing opera. 2. 【2020 届河北省衡水中学高三下学期一调】The first UN Chinese Language Day at the United Nations 41 (observe)on Friday at UN Headquarters in New York in 2010. 3. 【2020 届山西省人教新课标高考模拟】 Other motivations,

45、including fun, personal growth and feeling like ones work is important, 43(come) from within the person doing the action. 4.Looking at some of these early ads _45_ (be) like taking a step back in time to another world. For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes _46_ (promise) that its product

46、 would “give immediate relief“ to a list of medical conditions, including breathing problems. （安徽省江淮十校安徽省江淮十校 2019 届高三第二次联考届高三第二次联考） 5. Fire ice, both clean and energy- intensive, _44_(consider) the fuel of the future. Many countries, including the United States and Japan, have long been conducting

47、research on fire ice, but extracting（提取）it from the bottom of the sea has been a common problem troubling all of them. （江西省赣州市十四县（市）（江西省赣州市十四县（市）2019 届高三届高三 上学期期中联考）上学期期中联考） 考点四考点四 非谓语动词非谓语动词 【例 1】 （2019 全国 I 卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1

48、980s, and are expensive _ (perform) consistently over a large area. 【例 2】 (2019 北京卷)Nervously _ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【例 3】 （2019 全国 I 卷）Scientists have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚 集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than