2020年高考英语语法代词考点突破课件(30张).pptx

1、2020年高考英语语法代词考点突破课件(30张)代词一、人称代词一、人称代词1.人称代词形式人称代词形式数、格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit用法例句人称代词的主格作主语;人称代词的宾格可作及物动词或介词的宾语,也可作表语He woulddrownhissadnessincoffee.(主格作主语)Thankyou foryourletter.(宾格作及物动词的宾语)Iboughtapresentforhim.(宾格作介词的宾语)Hi,itsme.(宾格作表语)在没有谓语动词的句子中,人称代

2、词常用宾格Gladtomeetyou.Me,too.2.人称代词用法人称代词用法题组训练题组训练用人称代词填空Jim,canyouworkthisSunday?Whyme?Ivebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.OnmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookofmewhenIwasababy.二、物主代词二、物主代词1.物主代词形式物主代词形式2.物主代词用法物主代词用法我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersoursyourstheirs用法例句形容词性物

3、主代词相当于形容词。置于名词之前,作定语Isthisyourseat,sir?这是你的座位吗,先生?名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、表语、宾语Thisisnotmydictionary.MineislenttoLucy.(作主语)这不是我的词典。我的借给Lucy了。Thiscameraismineandthatisyours.(作表语)这部照相机是我的,那部是你的。Everypersonshowedhisticket,andIshowedminetoo.(作宾语)每个人都出示了票,我也出示了我的。题组训练题组训练用物主代词填空Tom,my(I)bikeisbrok

4、en.Wouldyoupleaselendyours(you)tome?Sorry.Mine(I)hasbeentakenbyJack.Youcanaskhimifyoulike.Thisisourroom,andyours(you)isjustacrossthehall.三、反身代词三、反身代词1.反身代词形式反身代词形式第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2.反身代词的基本用法反身代词的基本用法题组训练题组训练用反身代词填空Idontbelieveyou.Didyo

5、useeityourself?Itisnothisfault.Icutmyselfwithaknife.Weshouldbeindependentofourparents.Weshoulddependonourselves.用法例句What.for?和Whatfor?用于询问原因和目的Whatdidyouputitintothesoupfor?你为什么把它放到汤里去?Itwouldimprovethetaste.那会使汤的味道更好。Imgoingtothegrocerystore.我打算去食品杂货店。What for?Westillhaveenoughfoodinthefridge.为什么?我

6、们的冰箱里还有足够的食物。Whatif.?表示假设、建议、征求意见或疑虑What if itrainswhileweareontheway?要是我们在途中时下雨怎么办?Whatdoyoumean(by.)?表示愤怒、不满等情绪What do you mean by shuttingthedoorsoloudly?你关门这么大声音是什么意思?What/Howabout.?用于征求对方意见、询问对方的情况Weneedonemoreplayer.我们还需要一个队员。What about Elaine?Sheisaverynicegirl.Elaine怎么样?她是个很不错的姑娘。Sowhat?那又怎么

7、样呢?(表示不感兴趣或认为不重要)Hetookthefirstplaceintheexam!他考试得了第一名!So what?那又怎么样?Guesswhat?你猜怎么着?(用以引起他人的注意)Guess what?JohngotmarriedtoAlice.你猜怎么着?约翰和艾丽斯结婚了。四、疑问代词四、疑问代词what的习惯用法的习惯用法Likewhat?比如什么?Ihopeyouwillbuymeaspecialgiftformybirthday.我希望你为我买一份特殊的生日礼物。Like what?比如什么?注意what与下列黑体名词的搭配。续表五、不定代词五、不定代词1.both,al

8、l,either,any,neither,none的区别的区别Iveboughttwobooks;youcanhaveeither.我买了两本书,你要哪本都行。IamsorryIcantlendyouany(money).对不起,我不能借给你钱。None ofthismoneyismine.这笔钱都不是我的。词义指代都任何一个都不两个人或物botheitherneither三个或三个以上的人或物;不可数名词allanynone题组训练题组训练用适当的代词填空Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfoundeitherofthemagain.

9、Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.2.one,another,the other,some,others,the others的区别的区别一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/一些单数oneanothertheother复数someotherstheothers一本/一些书另外一本/一些书剩余的一本/一些书单数onebookanotherbooktheotherbook复数somebooksotherbookstheotherbooks注意:(1)t

10、heother后通常加可数名词(单数或复数),但不能加不可数名词;短语therestof(剩余的)后既可以加可数名词(单数或复数),也可以加不可数名词;else一般放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。Whatelsedidyoudolastweekend?Oh,nothing else.上周末你还做什么了?哦,没做什么别的事。(2)体会下列句子中黑体词的用法Ihavetwobooks:one isEnglish,andisFrench.theother(one)one我有两本书:一本是英语书,一本是法语书。Hewillstayherefordays.他在这里还要待上3天。Therearemanyboo

11、ksonthetable:some areEnglish;areFrench.桌子上有很多书。一些是英语书,剩下的是法语书。Hellbeinawheelchairforthe rest of hislife.他的余生将在轮椅上度过。Wouldyoupleasemakeit?anotherthreethreeotherthreemoretheotherstherestsomeotherdayanotherday你能改天吗?IsawhiminLondonthe other day/week/month.我那天/个星期/个月在伦敦见过他。Hehasno other closefriendslikeJ

12、ohn.他没有别的像约翰那样亲密的朋友了。Ifthisdictionaryisnotyours,who else s canitbe?如果这本字典不是你的,会是谁的呢?题组训练用another或theother填空Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,soletshaveanotheronethismonth.Heraisedonearmandthentheother.3.nobody/no one,nothing,none的区别的区别如:How much moneydoyouhave?None.你有多少钱?一点儿也没有。IfIhadsomemoney,I

13、wouldlendhimsome,butunfortunately,Ihavenone.(none=notanymoney)指代用来回答相当于是否加of短语nobody/noone人whonotanyonenotanybody否nothing物whatnotanything否none人或物howmanyhowmuchnota/an/any+名词或no+名词是如果我有钱的话,我就借给他一些了,但遗憾的是,我没钱。Iwishedsomeonecouldhelpme,buttherewasno one atthemoment.(noone=notanyone)我希望有人能帮我,但当时没有人。Aswe

14、wereasleep,none of usheardthesound.由于我们都睡着了,所以我们当中没人听到那个声音。题组训练用none,nobody/noone,nothing填空Nobody/Noonecanbegoodatsomethingfor40yearsifhedoesntloveit.Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Thereisnothinglikeswimmingasameansofkeepingfit.Wow!Youvegotsomanyclothes.Butnoneofthemareinfashionnow.Icouldntjuststandbyand

15、donothing.4.many,much,few,little,a few,a little的区别的区别多少复数名词概念manyfew不可数名词概念muchlittle肯定否定复数名词概念afewfew不可数名词概念alittlelittle注意:onlyafew=few;onlyalittle=little;quiteafew=many;quitealittle=much。题组训练根据汉语提示完成下列句子Many(很多)peopledonthavemuch(很多)food.Many(很多)ofthemistakeswerejustcausedbycarelessness.Few(很少)pe

16、oplecanlivetobe100yearsold.Youhavedoneverylittle(很少)forme.Comeinandhavealittle(一点)whisky.ShehaswrittenmanybooksbutIveonlyreadafew(少数).不定代词替代内容例句onea/an+单数名词Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholi-day.Youcanchoose one(=asummercamp)basedonyourowninterest.我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营,您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。ones零冠词+复数名词Mr.Zh

17、anggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=presents)thatIhadneverseen.张先生给了我很多珍贵的礼物,都是一些我从来没见过的礼物。theonethe+单数名词Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanthe one/that(=thebook)underthedesk.书桌上的那本书比书桌下的那本书好。theonesthe+复数名词Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthe ones/those(=thebooks)underthedesk.书桌上的那些书比书桌下的那些书好。thosethe+复数名词(尤

18、其是有后置定语时)thatthe+单数名词或不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)Littlejoycanequalthat(=thejoy)ofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在阅读故事时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。5.one,ones,the one,the ones,those,that的区别的区别题组训练题组训练用适当的代词填空Immovingtothecountryside,becausetheairthereismuchfresherthanthatinthecity.Helpingothersisahabit,oney

19、oucanlearnevenatanearlyage.6.含复合不定代词的习惯用语含复合不定代词的习惯用语Heisnothing butaclerk.他只是一名职员。Heisanything but aclerk.他根本不是一名职员。Hemightbeascientistor something.他大概是科学家之类的人物。Yourhouseissomething like ours.你们的房子有点像我们的。Theygetsomething like 97%renewalseveryyear.他们每年大约有97%的用户续订。题组训练题组训练用anything,nothing填空Shesalway

20、stryingtogetsomethingfornothing.Theyworkveryhard.Theyareanythingbutlazybones.Thevisitisboring.Itisnothingbutawasteoftime.全部肯定部分否定全部否定both当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中时neitherall(+名词)none;notany(+名词);no+名词everybody/everyone;everything;every+名词noone/nobody;nothing7.全部肯定、部分否定和全部否定全部肯定、部分否定和全部否定Not all ofthe

21、msmoke.=All ofthemdon t smoke.他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。Alloftheboysareclever,butnoneofthemcanworkoutthisproblem.这些男孩都很聪明,但他们当中没有一个能解出这道题。此外,not与总括性副词如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。Suchathingcan t befoundeverywhere.这种事并非到处可见。六、六、it的用法的用法1.it的指代用法的指代用法用法例句指代上文提到的某样东西Whereismydictionary?Ileftitri

22、ghtonthedesk.我的字典在哪里?我就把它放在书桌上了。用以代替指示代词this,thatWhatsthis?这是什么?Itsaflag.是一面旗。指不知性别的婴儿(baby)或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知道对方是谁)Thebabycriedbecause it washungry.这个婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。Whoisknockingatthedoor?Itmustbethemilkman.谁在敲门?一定是送奶工。指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候或温度Itisnineoclocksharpnow.现在是9点整。Itisraininghardoutside.外面雨下得正大。Itisalo

23、ngwaytothefactory.到工厂有很长一段路。it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语而将真正的主语或宾语后置Itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.学习一门外语不容易。(代替不定式短语作形式主语)Ihavemade it clearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人都不准在这儿吸烟。(代替名词性从句作形式宾语)题组训练题组训练用it作形式主语或形式宾语补全下列句子我认为我们开这个会是必要的。Ithinkit(is)necessarythatwehavethemeeting.众所

24、周知,在世界上中国人口最多。ItiswellknownthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.据说他们都去看电影了。Itissaidthatallofthemhavegonetothecinema.2.熟记下列有关熟记下列有关it的固定结构的固定结构Itake it that youdontagreewithme.我的理解是:你不同意我的见解。Ihate it when IhavetospeakinFrenchonthephone.不得不用法语打电话,我感到很厌烦。Ilike it when shesingsmeasong.我喜欢她为我唱歌。Ica

25、n t help it if heisalwayslate.如果他总是迟到,我也没办法。Iwould appreciate it if youcanhelpme.如果您能帮我,我将不胜感激。Idontmind it if youarelate.如果你迟到,我不会介意的。Pleasesee to it that(makesurethat)youbringenoughmoneywhenyougoout.当你出门时请确保带够钱。Youcancount on it that heisverysmart.你就相信吧,他非常聪明。Assomeoneputs it:Practicemakesperfect.

26、像某人所说的那样:熟能生巧。Youneedntgoifyoudontfeel like it.你如果不愿意去,就不必去了。When it comes to football,heismoreexcited.一提到足球,他就更兴奋了。分类用法例句陈述句Itis/was/mightbe+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分是“非人”时用thatItis I who/thatamright.(强调主语)我是对的。Itwashimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.(强调宾语)我们在学校门口遇到的是他。Itwasin the

27、 park thatTomlosthiswatch.(强调状语)汤姆是在公园丢失的那块手表。一般疑问句 Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?Was it in1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗?特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat+其他成分?Who was it that brokethewindow?打破窗户的是谁?notuntil.Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他成分It was not until tenoclockthat hewenttobed.直到10

28、点他才上床睡觉。3.it用于强调句型用于强调句型题组训练题组训练根据句子意思填空WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolthatMr.Smithgotan-gry?ItwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapersthatMr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillagethatthehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.