高考英语阅读理解专项指导课件(原文).ppt

1、 题材题材体裁体裁阅读理解阅读理解 真真 善善 美美人物与故事记叙文兴趣与爱好健康与饮食体育与休闲说明文历史与地理世界与环境语言与交际经济与购物科普与技术教育与人才议论文情感与心理文化与风俗生活与哲理文学与艺术旅游与交通应用文新闻与时事媒体与广告语篇主要选自英美国家主流媒体，借鉴其文化、科技中积极的元素；注重用英语讲中国故事，弘扬中国传统文化；宣扬体育和劳动精神，传播正能量。高考高考大纲阅读考核微技能要求大纲阅读考核微技能要求理解理解主旨要主旨要义义理解文中理解文中具体信息具体信息根据上下根据上下文推断单文推断单词和短语词和短语的含义的含义做出判断做出判断和推理和推理理解文章理解文章的基本结的

2、基本结构构理解作者理解作者的意图、的意图、观点和态观点和态度度主旨大意题主旨大意题篇章结构题篇章结构题词义猜测题词义猜测题推理判断题推理判断题细节理解题细节理解题观点态度题观点态度题要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：年份卷别主题语境题型考点分布词数人与自我人与社会人与自然细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题观点态度题篇章结构题2017II卷1180深厚的友谊B剧院演出A飞行汽车C植物自我保护D732210201

3、8II卷1140暑期活动A儿童阅读C闲聊的作用D浆果与核果B9321002019II卷1119志愿者工作B创新思维D书籍介绍A用餐趋势C1022100细节理解题细节理解题常见的命题方式：1.以when,where,what,which,who,how等疑问词开头引出具体细节信息问题。Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?Whatisthecorrectorderofwhathappenedto.？2.判断是非的形式。含有true/false/nottrue或except等的判断是非的问题。Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/

4、mentioned?Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept从题中找关键词 快速通篇跳读-定位与关键信息词对应的信息句-仔细核对比较内容找到答案。解题技法：直接信息题直接信息题原文定位法间间接信息题接信息题借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行合理的加工处理。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。符合常识，但不是出自文章的内容。符合常识，但不是出自文章的内容。与原文极其相似，但细节处有变动，造成句意的改变与原文极其相似，但细节处有变动，造成句意的改变选项中出现选项中出现everyone all none everyon

5、e all none 等绝对化的表达等绝对化的表达选项将文中描述选项将文中描述a物体的内容嫁接到物体的内容嫁接到b物体上物体上选项中漏掉选项中漏掉改变原文中改变原文中的的范围范围程度，从而改变语义程度，从而改变语义因果倒置，强加因果关系因果倒置，强加因果关系把主观观点等同于客观事实把主观观点等同于客观事实在意思上与原文大相径庭，或部分正确，部分错误在意思上与原文大相径庭，或部分正确，部分错误somebodyisintrouble和somebodyistroublesomein the world 改为改为nationalappearYoucankeepyourheadclearforambit

6、ious有抱负的thenlistenup!36BenefitsofSmallTalkD.regularly,oryouredoingitnow,_39_Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.sciencereport科学报告magazine杂志makingclassifications分类D.givingexamplesThereisnoreasonyoushould要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中

7、获取相关信息。Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“”inthefirstparagraphmean?TerrafugiaInc.givingexamplesExerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryouredoingitnow,thenlistenup!4-10hoursafterexercise.Yourqualityofsleepimprove

8、s.brochure情况介绍手册33.How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together?$20.B.$40.C.$60.D.$80.34.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School.B.Its unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.C.Free digital cameras are provided for everybody.D.Festiva

9、l food will be served without extra charge.【词汇短语积累】1.celebrate 庆祝 2.organize组织 3.programme节目 4.performance 表演 5.highlight 高潮 6.digital数码的 7.available 可买到的 8.volunteer志愿者 9.contact联系【长难好句理解】For those who would like to be a volunteer,please contact Miss Olivia Wong one week before the activity.定语从句 祈使

10、句直接信息题直接信息题-原文定位法原文定位法张冠李戴扩缩范围无中生有写作金句积累：Forthosewhowouldliketo.,pleasecontact.oneweekbeforetheactivity.间接信息题（语意转换题间接信息题（语意转换题综合上下文信息）综合上下文信息）2017全国全国II D篇篇32.What does a plant do when it is under attack？A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain ch

11、emicals.原文定位 When a leafy.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of crying out词义猜测题词义猜测题What does the underlined word/phrase“”i

12、n the first paragraph mean?What does the underlined word“that/it/.”in paragraph 2 refer to?What does the author mean by“”in paragraph 3?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？The word could be replaced by _.The underlined sentence in the last para

13、graph means _常见的命题方向：1.直接在文章中猜测某个生僻词短语的含义.对文中熟悉的多义词或短语进行精确含义判断3.判断文中的某个代词指代的对象的确定1.Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold weather.2.The heat of the sun warms some ocean water.The surface of the water evaporates,forming a cloud of warm,wet air that moves upward.枯萎蒸发2.同位语：同位语：

14、The invention of snorkel,a long air tube that reaches up to the surface,has made it possible for submarines to use their()1.定语从句定语从句举例子：举例子：Jack is now a florist,who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.()花商,花店主人潜水者的呼吸管夜班危险3.标点符号：标点符号：(1)We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-

15、this week.()(2)Although the hazards of the trip were many-the unbearable heat,the lack of water,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes-Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.()1.因果关系进行判断因果关系进行判断I didnt hear the knocking at the door,because I was comp

16、letely engrossed in studying English on the Internet.()爱交际的2.同义词和反义词猜测词义同义词和反义词猜测词义：同义同义also,as,similarly,likewise,反义反义however,on the contrary,unlike Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person,who does not like to go to parties,or to make friends.()全神贯注的infer implyindicatesuggestconcludelearn

17、 注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点注意文中的虚拟语气和情态动词推理的根据来自于上下文。2017全国全国II卷卷D篇篇35What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The word is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwins time were more imaginative.判断有据，推论有理判断有据，推论有理，忠于忠于原文

18、原文 Charles Darwin,over 150 years ago,imagined a world far busier,noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres a whole lot going on.原文定位文章主题，内容特点，文体特征，语言风格文章主题，内容特点，文体特征，语言风格命题形式命题形式1.From which is the text probably taken?2.Where would the passage most p

19、robably appear?2018 全国II B篇 27.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A research paper.D.A travel brochure.Many of us love July.Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C,more protein(蛋白质)，iron and zinc.Blueberries are particularly high in a

20、ntioxidants(抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries(樱花),they are so delicious who cares?However,they are rich in vitamin C.If you have a juicer,you can simply feed in frozen bananas and so

21、me berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a“soft-serve”creamy dessert,to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a childrens party；they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.newspaper 报纸advertisement广告magazine杂志website/In

22、ternet网络biography人物传记sciencereport科学报告bookreview 书评textbook 教科书travelguide 旅游指南brochure 情况介绍手册paper报纸、论文ambitious有抱负的Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？makingcomparisons做比较Whatstheproblem?Itspossiblethat.并列关系:First,second,third;Firstly,secondly,thirdly;first

23、,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;Foronething,foranother;Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义()volunteer志愿者9.independent独立的Toshare分享Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.2017全国II卷D篇Topropose提议首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexer

24、cise.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.makingclassifications分类D.注意文中的虚拟语气和情态动词TotellabouttheCentershistory.()1.Which of the following words can best describe.2.Which words can be used to describe?3.What kind of person is.?ambitious 有抱负的有抱负的 cautious 谨慎的谨慎的 industrious 勤奋的勤奋的 adaptable适应能力强的适应能力强的 knowl

25、edgeable学识渊博的学识渊博的 dependable/reliable 可靠的可靠的responsible负责任的负责任的independent独立的独立的modest谦虚的谦虚的easy-going随和的随和的out going外向的外向的 faithful守信的守信的cooperative乐于合作的乐于合作的观点态度题观点态度题作者态度倾向判断attitude作者写作意图判断purposepositive，supportive,approvingoptimistic,favorable,sympathetic,caringneutral,objective,fair-minded 1

26、作者态度倾向判断：How does the author feel about?What is the authors attitude to.?negative,opposed,pessimistic,critical,disapproving,doubtful,skeptical,suspicious公正的有同情心的批评的 2作者写作意图判断(1)整篇文章的写作意图What is the purpose of the text?What is the authors purpose in writing the text?To entertain/amuse readers 逗开心To p

27、ersuade劝服To inform通知To explain 解释To introduce.介绍To present to展示To propose提议To summarize总结To provide提供To share分享To advertise做广告To encourage 鼓励(2)文中某自然段或某细节的写作意图What does the author intend to do in Para.?What is the purpose of the last part of the text?What is the purpose of the last part of the text?

28、A To encourage donations.B.To advertise coming events.C.To introduce special exhibits.D.To tell about the Centers history.Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cant achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find

29、 various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.原文定位主旨大意题主旨大意题要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意寻找主题句：段首、段尾关注反复出现中心词，高频词汇读完文章后回顾文章的大致内容，理清脉络和段落之间的逻辑关系。把握文章逻辑结构.时间顺序。主题通常在首段或末段。2.总-分-总。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。这种结构的文章主题在首段。.分-总。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题在末段。4.对比。进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异为主题。常见的命题方式：What is the best title for t

30、his passage/text?What is the first paragraph mainly about?What is the passage/text mainly about?2017全国全国II C篇篇28.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.C.The designers of the Transition.关注文章中出

31、现的高频词汇 Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle-named the Transition has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transit

32、ion,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets 35 miles per gallon.原文定位干扰项的设置：干扰项的设置：以偏概全：概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容。以偏概全：概括的范围过于狭窄，只

33、阐述了文章的一部分内容。主题扩大：概括的范围过大，超过了文章实际讨论的内容。主题扩大：概括的范围过大，超过了文章实际讨论的内容。1.似是而非：选项中的关键词在文中出现了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的主旨毫无联系。似是而非：选项中的关键词在文中出现了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的主旨毫无联系。2018全国II C篇 31.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.C.Human development r

34、esults in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.关注文章结构2018 全国II D篇35.What is the best title for the text？A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small Talk C.Benefits of Small Talk D.Uncomfortable Silence Weve all been there:in a lift,.Whats the problem?Its possible that.But the ne

35、xt time you find yourself among strangers,consider that small talk is worth the trouble.Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy,but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conver

36、sation.Small talk is the grease(润滑剂润滑剂)for social communication,says Bernardo Carducci,.In a 2014 study,.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging,a bond with others.Carducci believes small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.列出现象追述闲聊

37、的好处列出现象把握文章逻辑结构+反复出现的中心词研究例证闲聊的好处按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构 1.How is the passage organized？A.Topic-argument-description B.Opiniondiscussion-explanation C.Main idea-comparison-supporting examples D.Topic-argument-conclusion篇章结构题2.Which of the following is the best structure of the passage？Therear

38、ealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Newlanguageswillbecreated.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.regularly,oryouredoingitnow,.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Newlanguageswillbecreated.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisie

39、randmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.negative,opposed,pessimistic,critical,disapproving,doubtful,skeptical,suspiciousIfyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryouredoingitnow,thenlistenup!40outgoing外向的Thevehicle-namedtheTransitionhastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikea

40、car.somebodyisintrouble和somebodyistroublesomeavailable可买到的8.Whichofthefollowingisthebeststructureofthepassage？Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.,pleasecontact.按写作方法理解文章的结构按写作方法理解文章的结构The auth

41、or develops the passage mainly by_.following space order B.following time order C.making classifications 分类 D.giving examplesusing figures 列数据making comparisons 做比较giving definitions下定义cause and effect因果法篇章结构题七选五主题句过渡句总结句总体原则：总体原则：主题中心句原则主题中心句原则段落一致性原则段落一致性原则利用核心词语复现利用代词指代提示利用句子逻辑线索因果关系：sothereforet

42、hushenceaccordinglyconsequentlyasaresult并列关系:First,second,third;Firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;Foronething,foranother;Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand转折关系:however,nevertheless,though,yet,otherwise对比关系:onthecontrary;bycontrast;incomparison递进关系:also,furthermore,ev

43、en,besides,moreover,inaddition,whatsmore解释关系:forexample,forinstance概括总结:inshort;inaword;toconclude;tosumup2018全国 II If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out._36_Working out in the morning provides additi

44、onal benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day._37_ Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start._38_ If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits

45、for the whole day,not in your sleep._39_Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited._40_If you work out bright and early in th

46、e morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hou

47、r early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F.Afte

48、r you exercise,you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or youre doing it now,then listen up!Your productivity is improved.Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start._39_Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than thos

49、e who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.Y

50、ou can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise,you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or youre doing it now,then listen up!BA.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy foo